{"id":173688,"date":"2011-08-22T15:30:04","date_gmt":"2011-08-22T22:30:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/2011\/08\/%e2%80%9c%e5%85%ac%e6%b0%91%e2%80%9d%e4%bc%a6%e7%90%86%e7%94%9f%e6%b4%bb%e6%96%b9%e5%bc%8f%e5%88%9d%e6%8e%a2\/"},"modified":"2011-08-22T15:30:04","modified_gmt":"2011-08-22T22:30:04","slug":"%e2%80%9c%e5%85%ac%e6%b0%91%e2%80%9d%e4%bc%a6%e7%90%86%e7%94%9f%e6%b4%bb%e6%96%b9%e5%bc%8f%e5%88%9d%e6%8e%a2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/173688.html","title":{"rendered":"\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u4f26\u7406\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u521d\u63a2"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u6458\u8981\uff1a\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u4ef7\u503c\u4e8b\u5173\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u4eba\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u4f26\u7406\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5174\u8870\u8363\u8fb1\u3002\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u516c\u6c11\u4ef7\u503c\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e\u5c06\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u6811\u7acb\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u7406\u60f3\u4eba\u683c\uff0c\u8fd9\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u516c\u6c11\u4f26\u7406\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\uff1a\u516c\u6c11\uff0c\u7406\u60f3\u4eba\u683c\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u4f26\u7406\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000An Inquiry into the \u201cEthical life style of citizen\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000Abstract: Citizen is a complicated and pivotal category in political society, the value of Citizen involves the decline or thrive of the society and people\u2019s political or ethical life . The\u201ccitizen\u201dis a kind of ideal personality that is a key to realize the value of citizen and it depends on the establishing of ethical life style of citizen.<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000Key words: citizen, ideal personality, ethical life style of citizen<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u4e00\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u547d\u8fd0\u4e4b\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u201c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u547d\u8fd0\u201d\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u6765\u81ea\u5f53\u4e0b\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u5171\u8bc6\uff1a\u653f\u6cbb\u4e00\u5ea6\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u63a7\u5236\u81ea\u8eab\u547d\u8fd0\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u800c\u73b0\u5728\u4eba\u4eec\u5374\u6df1\u6df1\u5730\u6000\u7591\u4eba\u7c7b\u63a7\u5236\u5404\u79cd\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u653f\u6cbb\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u4e8b\u5173\u4eba\u7c7b\u72b6\u51b5\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b0\u5bbf\u547d\u8bba\u58f0\u79f0\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6b63\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u6c34\u5cad\u3002\u5b83\u53cd\u6620\u51fa20\u4e16\u7eaa\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u6781\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\u653f\u6cbb\u5e0c\u671b\u7684\u7834\u706d\uff0c\u5bf9\u542f\u8499\u8fd0\u52a8\u6709\u5173\u7406\u6027\u548c\u8fdb\u6b65\u548c\u5b8f\u5927\u53d9\u4e8b\u7684\u66f4\u4e3a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5931\u671b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u672c\u8eab\u5e7b\u60f3\u7684\u7834\u706d\u3002[1]\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bba\u8c03\u6700\u4e3a\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5c31\u662f\u6709\u5173\u7ec8\u7ed3\u7ed3\u8bba\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u8bdd\u8bed\u2014\u2014\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u7ec8\u7ed3\u3001\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u7ec8\u7ed3\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u7ec8\u7ed3\u3001\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u7ec8\u7ed3\u3001\u516c\u5171\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u7ec8\u7ed3\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u7ec8\u7ed3\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4f3c\u4e4e\u90fd\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u6d8c\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u53cd\u5b8f\u5927\u53d9\u4e8b\u548c\u8ba4\u5b9a\u653f\u6cbb\u7ec8\u7ed3\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5374\u5ffd\u89c6\u5b83\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u6700\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u7ec8\u7ed3\u7684\u5b8f\u5927\u53d9\u4e8b\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u53cd\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u6697\u542b\u5728\u5982\u6b64\u4e4b\u591a\u6b64\u7c7b\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e2d\u7684\u5bbf\u547d\u8bba\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8981\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u653f\u6cbb\u8981\u7d20\u8fa9\u62a4\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u79bb\u5f00\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\u6211\u4eec\u4fbf\u4f1a\u4e00\u7b79\u83ab\u5c55\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56f0\u96be\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u575a\u5b9a\u56de\u7b54\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a(Citizen Society)\u662f\u6307\u4ee5\u7ecf\u6d4e\u751f\u6d3b\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u4eba\u9645\u4ea4\u5f80\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u968f\u7740\u73b0\u4ee3\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u800c\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u9886\u57df\u3002\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u5177\u6709\u5236\u5ea6\u6027\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u7684\u96c5\u5178\u548c\u53e4\u7f57\u9a6c\u7684\u57ce\u90a6\u65f6\u671f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\u5728\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u96cf\u5f62\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u51fa\u73b0\u539f\u521d\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u88ab\u5386\u53f2\u6e6e\u706d\uff0c\u4f46\u5e0c\u814a\u4f20\u7edf\u3001\u7f57\u9a6c\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u5171\u548c\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b97\u6559\u7cbe\u795e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6e0a\u6e90\u548c\u601d\u60f3\u4f20\u7edf\u5c31\u6b64\u5f62\u6210\u3002\u968f\u7740\u897f\u65b9\u73b0\u4ee3\u201c\u6c11\u65cf\u2014\u56fd\u5bb6\u201d\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u76f8\u5bf9\u5206\u79bb\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u66b4\u529b\u5de5\u5177\u76f8\u5bf9\u5206\u79bb\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u66b4\u529b\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u7f13\u548c\u4e86\u9636\u7ea7\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u897f\u65b9\u73b0\u4ee3\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5373\u4ee5\u7ecf\u6d4e\u751f\u6d3b\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u4eba\u9645\u4ea4\u5f80\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\u6743\u5229\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u5229\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6743\u5229\u3001\u6587\u5316\u6743\u5229\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u548c\u660e\u786e\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u683c\u5c40\u57fa\u672c\u5f62\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8fd1\u4ee3\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u547d\u8fd0\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u4ece\u201c\u65b0\u9752\u5e74\u201d\u5230\u516c\u6c11\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u6761\u627f\u63a5\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u516c\u6c11(citizen)\u4e00\u8bcd\u5bc4\u6258\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u8ffd\u6c42\u6587\u660e\u548c\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u51b3\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u5fc5\u7136\u3002\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u5728\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\u662f\u6307\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u56fd\u7c4d\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u8be5\u56fd\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u8303\u4eab\u6709\u6743\u5229\u548c\u627f\u62c5\u4e49\u52a1\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u4eba\u3002\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u8bed\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u65b0\u4e2d\u56fd\u6700\u65e9\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u6027\u6587\u4ef6\u662f1953\u5e74\u516c\u5e03\u7684\u300a\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5168\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u53ca\u5730\u65b9\u5404\u7ea7\u4eba\u6c11\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u9009\u4e3e\u6cd5\u300b\u30021954\u5e74\u5baa\u6cd5\u5f00\u59cb\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u7528\u8bed\u5c31\u4e0d\u4ec5\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6743\u5229\u7684\u4eab\u6709\u8005\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u6307\u57fa\u672c\u4e49\u52a1\u7684\u627f\u62c5\u8005\u3002\u81ea\u6b64\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u6cd5\u7684\u5185\u6db5\u53d1\u751f\u91cd\u5927\u5b17\u53d8\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u76f4\u52301982\u5e74\u5baa\u6cd5\u9881\u5e03\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u6db5\u4e49\u624d\u88ab\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c1982\u5e74\u5baa\u6cd5\u7b2c33\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\uff1a\u201c\u51e1\u5177\u6709\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u56fd\u7c4d\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u9762\u524d\u4e00\u5f8b\u5e73\u7b49\u3002\u56fd\u5bb6\u5c0a\u91cd\u548c\u4fdd\u969c\u4eba\u6743\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u516c\u6c11\u4eab\u6709\u5baa\u6cd5\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5fc5\u987b\u5c65\u884c\u5baa\u6cd5\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u662f\u65b0\u4e2d\u56fd\u6210\u7acb\u4ee5\u6765\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bf9\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u7684\u6cd5\u7406\u8ba4\u540c\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u7b80\u5355\u76f4\u63a5\u4f46\u610f\u4e49\u6df1\u8fdc\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5bf9\u4e94\u5343\u5e74\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\u56fd\u7edf\u6cbb\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u7fa4\u4f17\u89c2\u7684\u5f7b\u5e95\u98a0\u8986\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u65b0\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e3b\u4e49\u9769\u547d\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u9769\u547d\u8574\u542b\u7684\u6700\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u548c\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u6807\u5fd7\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u516c\u6c11\u6587\u5316\u7684\u53d1\u8f6b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u5728\u8fd1\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u548c\u5546\u54c1\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u65e5\u76ca\u6210\u4e3a\u5546\u54c1\u751f\u4ea7\u548c\u4ea4\u6362\u7684\u627f\u62c5\u8005\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u548c\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5f3a\u5316\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u53cd\u6620\u5230\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u6c42\u627f\u8ba4\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u4f7f\u516c\u6c11\u6210\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u6cbb\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u5373\u653f\u6cbb\u89d2\u8272\u4e2a\u4f53\u5316\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u76f8\u9002\u5e94\uff0c\u5c31\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u65e5\u76ca\u666e\u904d\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u89c2\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u89c2\u662f\u5546\u54c1\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u653f\u6cbb\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\u3002\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u5c31\u662f\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\uff0c\u547d\u8fd0\u610f\u5473\u7740\u9650\u5ea6\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u751f\u547d\u548c\u4eba\u4e16\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\uff0c\u547d\u8fd0\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u6e90\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u751f\u5b58\u72b6\u51b5\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u548c\u6709\u9650\u6027\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u800c\u751f\u547d\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u6c38\u6052\u7684\u3001\u5145\u6ee1\u521b\u9020\u6027\u7684\u5f20\u529b\u800c\u6210\u4e3a\u547d\u8fd0\u7684\u5bf9\u7acb\u9762\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u4e3a\u516c\u6c11\u7406\u60f3\u4eba\u683c\u800c\u594b\u6597\u4e0d\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u73b0\u4ee3\u516c\u6c11\u6982\u5ff5\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u6cd5\u7406\u6027\u800c\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u4f26\u7406\u6027\u548c\u5c5e\u4eba\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u7684\u5168\u9762\u53d1\u5c55\u662f\u4e00\u5207\u826f\u5584\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u5f52\u5bbf\uff0c\u201c\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u6210\u957f\u662f\u4e00\u5207\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u4eba\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u76ee\u7684\u548c\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9664\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u548c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u201d[2]\u8fd9\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u6700\u4e3a\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a\u6b63\u4e49\u548c\u4eba\u9053\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u73b0\u4ee3\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u518d\u662f\u5e72\u762a\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6761\u6587\u6216\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u800c\u5e94\u8be5\u660e\u786e\u6307\u51fa\u5176\u9971\u6ee1\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u610f\u8574\u548c\u9c9c\u6d3b\u7684\u73b0\u4e16\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u4ece\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u770b\u5230\uff1a\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u5185\u6db5\u7684\u6709\u6548\u3001\u5145\u5b9e\u3001\u5bcc\u4e8e\u4eba\u6587\u5173\u6000\u548c\u516c\u5e73\u6b63\u4e49\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e\u2014\u2014\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u4f26\u7406\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u4e14\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u516c\u6c11\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u73b0\u4ee3\u6587\u660e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u57fa\u672c\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u8d85\u8d8a\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u548c\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7684\u666e\u4e16\u6027\u3002\u516c\u6c11\u6700\u7ec8\u4f1a\u56de\u5f52\u5230\u4f26\u7406\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u6765\uff0c\u4e0d\u7406\u89e3\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u53ef\u505a\u4ef7\u503c\u5224\u65ad\u3001\u4f26\u7406\u8bc4\u4ef7\u548c\u5ba1\u7f8e\u7684\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u4f26\u7406\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u201d\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e8e\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u4ecd\u7136\u53ea\u4f1a\u505c\u7559\u5728\u7a7a\u6d1e\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6807\u8bed\u548c\u53e3\u53f7\u4e0a\u3002\u516c\u6c11\u4f26\u7406\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u9610\u91ca\u4e0e\u5efa\u6784\u4ee5\u53ca\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u5b83\u7684\u826f\u5584\u4f26\u7406\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u8ba4\u540c\u53ef\u4ee5\u963b\u6b62\u201c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u547d\u8fd0\u201d\u6210\u4e3a\u4eba\u7684\u94c1\u7b3c\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u53cd\u5bf9\u628a\u547d\u8fd0\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u5bbf\u547d\u8bba\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u8fd8\u5b58\u5728\u8ffd\u6c42\u9971\u6ee1\u7684\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\uff0c\u547d\u8fd0\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u6539\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u4e8c\u3001\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u7406\u60f3\u4eba\u683c<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000(\u4e00)\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u65b0\u9752\u5e74\u201d\u7684\u516c\u6c11<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u7531\u4e8e\u201c\u4e94\u56db\u201d\u8fd0\u52a8\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u9769\u547d\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f53\u65f6\u56fd\u9645\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5927\u73af\u5883\u7684\u6ecb\u6da6\uff0c\u201c\u65b0\u9752\u5e74\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u7684\u521b\u751f\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u53d7\u5230\u4e16\u754c\u5148\u8fdb\u793e\u4f1a\u601d\u6f6e\u50ac\u751f\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7b14\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u9887\u5177\u4e2d\u56fd\u8bed\u5883\u7684\u201c\u65b0\u9752\u5e74\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u5176\u5b9e\u8fd8\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u4e16\u754c\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u5316\u6216\u8005\u540e\u5de5\u4e1a\u793e\u4f1a\u6216\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u6d88\u9664\u4eba\u4eec\u653f\u6cbb\u4eba\u7684\u201c\u6df1\u5165\u9aa8\u9ad3\u201d\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u6d88\u9664\u4e0d\u4e86\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u84ec\u52c3\u53d1\u5c55\u4ee5\u53ca\u516c\u6c11\u4eec\u81ea\u53d1\u548c\u81ea\u89c9\u7684\u5bf9\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u547d\u8fd0\u65cb\u6d41\u7684\u751f\u547d\u6216\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u548c\u6297\u4e89\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u201c\u65b0\u9752\u5e74\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u6240\u5f70\u663e\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u6b63\u662f\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u8303\u7574\u5728\u5f53\u4e0b\u6240\u8981\u7ee7\u5f80\u5f00\u6765\u7684\u3002\u91cd\u63d0\u4e2d\u56fd\u201c\u4e94\u56db\u201d\u8fd0\u52a8\u521b\u751f\u7684\u201c\u65b0\u9752\u5e74\u201d\u5c06\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u653f\u6cbb\u4f26\u7406\u666e\u4e16\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u65b0\u9752\u5e74\u65e0\u5173\u4e4e\u5e74\u9f84\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u5728\u9648\u72ec\u79c0\u9996\u521b\u8fd9\u4e00\u6781\u5177\u793e\u4f1a\u4f26\u7406\u4e0e\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u5ff5\u51b2\u51fb\u529b\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u8bcd\u7ec4\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u65b0\u9752\u5e74\u66f4\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e00\u79cd\u4f26\u7406\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4e5f\u8bb8\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\u66f4\u5f3a\u8c03\u6467\u67af\u62c9\u673d\u7684\u9769\u547d\u6fc0\u60c5\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u6c11\u4e3b\u53ea\u662f\u6700\u521d\u7684\u51e0\u79cd\u7406\u5ff5\u8bc9\u6c42\u7684\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u65b0\u9752\u5e74\u9700\u8981\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u573a\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u671f\u5f85\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5230\u6765\uff0c\u4f46\u201c\u65b0\u9752\u5e74\u201d\u5c31\u6b64\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u9488\u5bf9\u9752\u5e74\u4eba\u4e43\u81f3\u4e00\u5207\u6709\u65fa\u76db\u751f\u547d\u529b\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u6fc0\u60c5\uff0c\u5bf9\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u547d\u8fd0\uff0c\u5bf9\u867d\u62bd\u8c61\u4f46\u65e0\u65f6\u65e0\u523b\u4e0d\u8033\u6fe1\u76ee\u67d3\u7684\u81ea\u8eab\u793e\u4f1a\u6587\u5316\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u611f\u5e94\u529b\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u8c61\u5f81\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4ee3\u4ee3\u65b0\u9752\u5e74\u7684\u6fc0\u60c5\u63a2\u7d22\u548c\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e5f\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u4eca\u5929\u6765\u4e4b\u4e0d\u6613\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u4e2d\u897f\uff0c\u6982\u83ab\u4f8b\u5916\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u201c\u65b0\u9752\u5e74\u201d\u7684\u8fdb\u53d6\u7cbe\u795e\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u6027\u548c\u6c11\u65cf\u6027\u7684\u6709\u673a\u7edf\u4e00\uff0c\u6709\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u666e\u4e16\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u201c\u65b0\u9752\u5e74\u201d\u5177\u6709\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u610f\u4e49\u5728\u5168\u7403\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\u65e5\u8d8b\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u4eca\u5929\u66f4\u5e94\u5f53\u88ab\u4eba\u4eec\u500d\u52a0\u5ba1\u89c6\u548c\u8ffd\u968f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u201c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u65b0\u9752\u5e74\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u9648\u72ec\u79c0\u5728\u300a\u656c\u544a\u9752\u5e74\u300b\u4e2d\u8bf4\u9053\uff1a\u8f7b\u5211\u8584\u8d4b\uff0c\u5974\u96b6\u4e4b\u5e78\u798f\u4e5f;\u79f0\u9882\u529f\u5fb7\uff0c\u5974\u96b6\u4e4b\u6587\u7ae0\u4e5f;\u62dc\u7235\u8d50\u7b2c\uff0c\u5974\u96b6\u4e4b\u5149\u8363\u4e5f;\u4e30\u7891\u9ad8\u5893\uff0c\u5974\u96b6\u4e4b\u7eaa\u5ff5\u7269\u4e5f\u3002\u65b0\u9752\u5e74\u9996\u5148\u8981\u6446\u8131\u7684\u662f\u5eb8\u4fd7\u610f\u8bc6\u548c\u5974\u96b6\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u201c\u2026\u2026\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u8003\u8651\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u548c\u81ea\u6211\u627f\u62c5\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u3002\u201d[3]\u4f5c\u4e3a\u65b0\u9752\u5e74\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u884c\u52a8\u4e2d\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u627f\u62c5\u8d23\u4efb\u4e2d\u53bb\u5b9e\u73b0\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u65b0\u9752\u5e74\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u5c31\u662f\u516c\u6c11\u4f26\u7406\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u6700\u9c9c\u6d3b\u7684\u4f53\u73b0\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3a\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u5229\u76ca,\u540c\u516c\u5171\u6743\u529b\u8bb2\u9053\u7406,\u8bc9\u8bf8\u6cd5\u6743\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8ba8\u201c\u8bf4\u6cd5\u201d,\u8fdb\u800c\u5411\u4f53\u5236\u6297\u4e89,\u6070\u6070\u8868\u660e\u4ed6\u6216\u5979\u624d\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u516c\u6c11,\u662f\u4ee5\u7406\u6027\u548c\u5e73\u624b\u6bb5\u8fd9\u4e00\u73b0\u4ee3\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u5fc3\u667a\u6765\u634d\u536b\u79c1\u5229,\u4ece\u800c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u634d\u536b\u516c\u76ca,\u9610\u660e\u7ef4\u62a4\u516c\u9053,\u800c\u975e\u4ec5\u4ec5\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u79c1\u6027\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u65b0\u9752\u5e74\u5e94\u5f53\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u201c\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\u800c\u975e\u5974\u96b6\u7684;\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u800c\u975e\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684;\u8fdb\u53d6\u7684\u800c\u975e\u9000\u9690\u7684;\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u800c\u975e\u9501\u56fd\u7684;\u5b9e\u5229\u7684\u800c\u975e\u865a\u6587\u7684;\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u800c\u975e\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u3002\u201d[4]\u6240\u4ee5\u4eca\u5929\u91cd\u63d0\u9648\u72ec\u79c0\u5148\u751f\u7684\u65b0\u9752\u5e74\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u66f4\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u65f6\u4ee3\u7cbe\u795e\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000(\u4e8c)\u516c\u6c11\u4ef7\u503c\u4e0e\u7406\u60f3\u4eba\u683c<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u4e0e\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u4e0e\u65f6\u4ff1\u8fdb\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u516c\u6c11\u5728\u8fd1\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4e2d\u7684\u6709\u6548\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u516c\u6c11\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u786e\u7acb\u5c06\u662f\u5efa\u8bbe\u65b0\u578b\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u57fa\u70b9\u3002\u516c\u6c11\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u6743\u5229\u5c06\u901a\u8fc7\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u6cbb\u8d23\u4efb\u5f97\u5230\u5207\u5b9e\u4fdd\u969c\u548c\u987a\u5229\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\u5219\u6784\u6210\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6240\u8d4b\u4e88\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6743\u529b\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5145\u6ee1\u548c\u8c10\u3001\u516c\u6b63\u3001\u6548\u7387\u3001\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u65b0\u578b\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u624d\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6700\u7ec8\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002[5]\u516c\u6c11\u4ef7\u503c\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u66f4\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u73b0\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u4eba\u683c\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7406\u60f3\u4eba\u683c\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u53e4\u5f80\u4eca\u6765\uff0c\u4e2d\u897f\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u6240\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u7406\u60f3\u4eba\u683c\u662f\u5bf9\u7406\u60f3\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u662f\u5bf9\u7ec8\u6781\u4f26\u7406\u4e4b\u9053\u7684\u7688\u4f9d\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u901a\u5e38\u4eba\u4eec\u5fc3\u4e2d\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u4eba\u683c\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u4f26\u7406\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u9610\u91ca\u548c\u5bf9\u201c\u81f3\u5584\u201d\u7684\u5411\u5f80\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u5e0c\u5fb7\u5e0c\u5723\u201d\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u4eba\u683c\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9ad8\u5ea6\u53d1\u8fbe\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7565\u663e\u7a7a\u4e4f\u3002\u9971\u6ee1\u7684\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u8303\u7574\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7406\u60f3\u4eba\u683c\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u662f\u5e0c\u671b\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u91cd\u65b0\u5ba1\u89c6\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u8ffd\u6c42\u548c\u5185\u5728\u6027\u683c\uff0c\u5728\u540e\u5de5\u4e1a\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u4eba\u4e0e\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5df2\u7ecf\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u7ebd\u5e26\u53bb\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a \u201c\u7fa4\u4f17\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u6027\u683c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6b8b\u9177\u3001\u91ce\u86ee\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u9694\u79bb\u3001\u5b64\u72ec\u4ee5\u53ca\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u201d[6]\u6b63\u5e38\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7f3a\u5931\u6b63\u662f\u5171\u540c\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u7f3a\u5931\uff0c\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u4f26\u7406\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u610f\u4e49\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5f97\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5177\u6709\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u4fee\u517b\u548c\u79c1\u5fb7\u5374\u5f7c\u6b64\u51b7\u6f20\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u6295\u5165\u5230\u5173\u7cfb\u81ea\u8eab\u4ef7\u503c\u548c\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u516c\u5171\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u4e2d\u6765\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u201c\u4eba\u5c31\u5f97\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u91cc\u51b3\u5b9a\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u548c\u522b\u4eba\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u201d[7]\u53ea\u6709\u4eba\u4e0e\u4eba\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u8ba4\u540c\u548c\u5f71\u54cd\u624d\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u5207\u793e\u4f1a\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u516c\u6c11\u7406\u60f3\u4eba\u683c\u7684\u786e\u7acb\u662f\u65b0\u65f6\u4ee3\u516c\u6c11\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u4f53\u73b0\uff0c\u662f\u4eba\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u8eab\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u4f1f\u5927\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u7406\u60f3\u4eba\u683c\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\u9700\u8981\u516c\u6c11\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8ba4\u540c\u548c\u534f\u4f5c\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u516c\u6c11\u5b9e\u73b0\u9971\u6ee1\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u89c2\uff1a\u62e5\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u201c\u4f26\u7406\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u201d\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u9762\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7406\u60f3\u4eba\u683c\u7684\u786e\u7acb\u6070\u6070\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u969c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u7f8e\u5b66\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u5ba1\u7f8e\u7684\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u516c\u6c11\u7406\u60f3\u4eba\u683c\u7684\u786e\u7acb\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\u8ffd\u6c42\u516c\u6c11\u7406\u60f3\u4eba\u683c\u7684\u4eba\u4fdd\u6709\u4e86\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u547d\u8fd0\u4e2d\u6289\u62e9\u672a\u6765\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u529b\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u4e09\u3001\u516c\u6c11\u4f26\u7406\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u84dd\u56fe<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u4eba\u683c\u6240\u5177\u6709\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u548c\u73b0\u5b9e\u6027\u5927\u5927\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u5176\u7406\u60f3\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u66f4\u7ed9\u4eba\u4eec\u4e00\u79cd\u5145\u6ee1\u73b0\u5b9e\u611f\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u6027\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4ef7\u503c\u8bc9\u6c42\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u4eba\u683c\u6765\u52a0\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\uff0c\u6b64\u79cd\u7406\u60f3\u4eba\u683c\u6253\u7834\u4e86\u72ed\u9698\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u4f26\u7406\u7684\u5206\u754c\u800c\u76f4\u6307\u73b0\u4ee3\u4eba\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u5904\u5883\u548c\u4e0d\u6d4b\u547d\u8fd0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u7814\u7a76\u662f\u590d\u6742\u6df1\u523b\u7684\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u4f26\u7406\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u5168\u9762\u6027\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6784\u6210\u548c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u751f\u6d3b\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u4f26\u7406\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u5373\u662f\u5bf9\u611f\u6027\u548c\u6613\u53d8\u7eb7\u7e41\u590d\u6742\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u5883\u9047\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u54f2\u5b66\u63d0\u70bc\u548c\u4ef7\u503c\u5224\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u4f26\u7406\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u65e2\u5c5e\u4e8e\u201c\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u201d\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u53c8\u5c5e\u4e8e\u201c\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u201d\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u5171\u540c\u6307\u5411\u4eba\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5168\u9762\u53d1\u5c55\u3001\u6700\u7ec8\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u7279\u8272\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5168\u9762\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5f88\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u4f26\u7406\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u66f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u505a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u5168\u9762\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5173\u952e\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u8fd9\u6070\u6070\u5c31\u662f\u516c\u6c11\u4e4b\u4e3a\u4eba\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u547d\u8fd0\u7684\u5883\u9047\u4e2d\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u5199\u7167\uff0c\u81f3\u6b64\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u201d\u7684\u84dd\u56fe\u5f00\u59cb\u5448\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000(\u4e00) \u201c\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u4e4b\u672c<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u516c\u6c11\u4fdd\u6301\u81ea\u8eab\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u548c\u521b\u9020\u529b\u7684\u4e0d\u7aed\u7684\u6839\u672c\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u7ecf\u6d4e\u57fa\u7840\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e0a\u5c42\u5efa\u7b51\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u4ece\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u523b\u8d77\u5c31\u8c61\u5f81\u7740\u4e00\u79cd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4ee5\u53ca\u5177\u5907\u76f8\u5bf9\u80fd\u591f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u9636\u5c42\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u5e94\u5f53\u786e\u5b9a\u4e00\u5207\u4eba\u7c7b\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u524d\u63d0\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u5207\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u524d\u63d0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u524d\u63d0\u662f\uff1a\u4eba\u4eec\u4e3a\u4e86\u80fd\u591f\u2018\u521b\u9020\u5386\u53f2\u2019\u5fc5\u987b\u80fd\u591f\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u5403\u559d\u4f4f\u7a7f\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u5207\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u201d[8]\u516c\u6c11\u8981\u53c2\u4e0e\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u521b\u9020\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u540c\u6837\u4e5f\u662f\u201c\u5fc5\u987b\u80fd\u591f\u751f\u6d3b\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u8303\u7574\u5185\u5728\u5c31\u8574\u542b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u751f\u673a\u548c\u751f\u5b58\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u80fd\u529b\u4e0d\u81f3\u4e8e\u8870\u7aed\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u90fd\u8981\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u6ce8\u91cd\u81ea\u8eab\u751f\u5b58\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u5efa\u8bbe\uff0c\u8981\u628a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u548c\u804c\u4e1a\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u5173\u952e\u4f5c\u7528\u653e\u5230\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u4f26\u7406\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u7ec8\u6781\u6027\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u4f26\u7406\u9053\u5fb7\u8fd8\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u5207\u601d\u60f3\u6587\u5316\u6216\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6e90\u5934\u6700\u7ec8\u90fd\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u4ea7\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4eba\u4eec\u7528\u4ee5\u751f\u4ea7\u81ea\u5df1\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u8d44\u6599\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u73b0\u6210\u7684\u548c\u9700\u8981\u518d\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u8d44\u6599\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u751f\u4ea7\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5e94\u5f53\u4ece\u5b83\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u8089\u4f53\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u518d\u751f\u4ea7\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u6765\u52a0\u4ee5\u8003\u5bdf\u3002\u5b83\u5728\u66f4\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u8868\u73b0\u4ed6\u4eec\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u4e00\u5b9a\u5f62\u5f0f\u3001\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4e2a\u4eba\u600e\u6837\u8868\u73b0\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u5c31\u600e\u6837\u201d[9]\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u59cb\u7ec8\u5173\u6ce8\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u201c\u4eba\u7684\u5168\u9762\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u4ee5\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u548c\u751f\u4ea7\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u89e3\u653e\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u53d1\u5c55\u4e3a\u524d\u63d0\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u6b63\u662f\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u4f26\u7406\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u6700\u7ec8\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u4fdd\u969c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u521b\u9020\u529b\u7684\u83b7\u5f97\u6216\u4e27\u5931\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u53d7\u5236\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u793e\u4f1a\u5f62\u6001\u8fd8\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u793e\u4f1a\u5f62\u6001\u90fd\u6709\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u8fd9\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6587\u660e\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u793e\u4f1a\u66f4\u52a0\u89e3\u653e\u4eba\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6d88\u706d\u4e86\u79c1\u6709\u5236\u548c\u5265\u524a\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6b63\u662f\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8981\u7d20\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u5728\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u9769\u547d\u4e2d\u8bde\u751f\u4e4b\u540e\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u5148\u8fdb\u800c\u4f18\u8d8a\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u548c\u4f26\u7406\u6027\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u800c\u88ab\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u6240\u8ba4\u540c\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u65e0\u8bba\u4eca\u5929\u4eba\u4eec\u5904\u4e8e\u4f55\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u72b6\u6001\u4ee5\u53ca\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u90fd\u8981\u52aa\u529b\u751f\u5b58\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u3001\u5c3d\u6700\u5927\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd0\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u4eba\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u201d(\u963f\u4f26\u7279\u8bed)\u751f\u547d\u529b(\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u3001\u667a\u6167\u529b\u3001\u6fc0\u60c5\u4e0e\u610f\u5fd7\u529b)\u53bb\u5b9e\u73b0\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u72ec\u7acb\u3001\u81ea\u98df\u5176\u529b\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000(\u4e8c)\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\u548c\u201c\u5e7f\u573a\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u5728\u5f62\u6210\u751f\u5b58\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u80fd\u529b\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u7a7a\u95f4\u5fc5\u7136\u8981\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u51fa\u73b0\u5373\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\u548c\u5e7f\u573a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u653f\u6cbb\u5efa\u6784\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u516c\u5171\u4ea4\u5f80\u548c\u516c\u4f17\u8206\u8bba\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5145\u6ee1\u516c\u5f00\u6027\u548c\u76f8\u4e92\u6027\u7684\u5171\u540c\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e8e\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u529b\u662f\u5177\u6709\u6279\u5224\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u4e00\u65e5\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u4ece\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u53d8\u884c\u52a8\u4e2d\u7684\u8df5\u884c\u516c\u6c11\u4e5f\u5c31\u4e00\u65e5\u53ea\u662f\u53ef\u6709\u53ef\u65e0\u7684\u79c1\u6027\u5b58\u5728,\u9000\u7f29\u4e8e\u5bb6\u653f\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u79c1\u9690\u72b6\u6001,\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e8e\u201c\u8212\u9002\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u4fdd\u5168\u201d,\u8f7d\u6d6e\u8f7d\u6c89,\u81ea\u751f\u81ea\u706d\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u5168\u80fd\u578b\u653f\u6cbb\u5bf9\u4e8e\u79c1\u6027\u751f\u6d3b\u7f51\u5f00\u4e00\u9762,\u4ece\u800c\u5141\u8bb8\u5e02\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u767b\u573a,\u540c\u65f6,\u53c8\u8868\u660e\u516c\u5171\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f9d\u7136\u6709\u9650\u751a\u81f3\u7d27\u7b8d\u3002\u5e7f\u573a\u4ee5\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u201c\u5e7f\u573a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u516c\u5171\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u786e\u7acb\u653f\u6cbb\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\u6709\u7740\u6781\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u6709\u5f62\u7684\u7269\u7406\u7a7a\u95f4\u5bf9\u65e0\u5f62\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u6d3b\u52a8\u6709\u7740\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u6697\u793a\u548c\u8bf1\u5bfc\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u5ffd\u89c6\u201d[10]\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u8fd0\u8f6c\u548c\u6709\u5f62\u6216\u65e0\u5f62[11]\u7684\u201c\u5e7f\u573a\u201d\u7684\u5efa\u6784\u662f\u57f9\u80b2\u65b0\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u57fa\u5730\u3002\u4eba\u751f\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u5728\u4e8e\u8981\u53c2\u4e0e\u5230\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0e\u540c\u7c7b\u4e00\u8d77\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8d85\u8d8a\u52b3\u52a8\u4e0e\u5de5\u4f5c\u8fbe\u5230\u4e0d\u673d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fd9\u4e8e\u52b3\u52a8\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u800c\u65e0\u6687\u53c2\u4e0e\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u7edd\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u5e78\u798f\u7684\u3002\u7531\u6b64\uff0c\u963f\u4f26\u7279\u63a8\u8bba\u9053\uff0c\u81ea\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u653f\u6cbb\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u914d\u79f0\u4f5c\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u79c1\u4eba\u9886\u57df\u65e5\u76ca\u6269\u5f20\uff0c\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\u5374\u65e5\u76ca\u840e\u7f29\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u52b3\u52a8\u800c\u65e0\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u653f\u6cbb\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5b98\u50da\u884c\u4e3a\u800c\u65e0\u653f\u6cbb\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u54c8\u8d1d\u9a6c\u65af\u540e\u6765\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u4ea4\u5f80\u7406\u8bba\u5f3a\u8c03\u4ee5\u6c9f\u901a\u884c\u52a8\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5ef6\u7eed\u4ed6\u7684\u5e03\u5c14\u4e54\u4e9a\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u7406\u6027\u6279\u5224\u53ca\u8bba\u8bc1\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002Seyla Benhabib\u56e0\u6b64\u79f0\u54c8\u8d1d\u9a6c\u65af\u7684\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e3a\u201c\u8bba\u8ff0\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u201d\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u4e24\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u963f\u4f26\u7279\u7684\u201c\u7ade\u6280\u573a\u5f0f\u201d\u7684\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5f00\u653e\u4ea4\u4e92\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002[12]\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\u4e00\u5ea6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u88ab\u7ec8\u7ed3\u7684\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u201c\u5355\u5411\u5ea6\u7684\u4eba\u201d\u8fd8\u662f\u201c\u9003\u907f\u81ea\u7531\u201d\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u8c61\u5f81\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u70ed\u60c5\u7684\u9000\u51cf\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u81ea\u8eab\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u7684\u6f20\u4e0d\u5173\u5fc3\u3002\u9769\u547d\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5df2\u7ecf\u7ec8\u7ed3\u3001\u79c1\u4eba\u9053\u5fb7\u548c\u5ba1\u7f8e\u7684\u8fc7\u91cf\u6ecb\u751f\u3001\u5b89\u9038\u548c\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u5c0f\u4f17\u79c1\u6027\u751f\u6d3b\u4fb5\u8680\u7740\u6765\u4e4b\u4e0d\u6613\u7684\u5386\u7ecf\u9769\u547d\u6d41\u8840\u548c\u6743\u5229\u8fd0\u52a8\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\u6c11\u6743\u610f\u8bc6\u548c\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\u3002\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\u4e00\u76f4\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u81f4\u547d\u5a01\u80c1\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a\u201c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u516c\u5171\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u516c\u5171\u53c2\u4e0e(civic engagement),\u6ca1\u6709\u516c\u5171\u8206\u8bba\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u516c\u5171\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u8861\u91cf\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5c06\u4f1a\u6d88\u5931\u3002\u201d[13]\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u5c31\u5fc5\u7136\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u6027\u7684\u6d88\u5931\u548c\u5f3a\u8feb\u6027\u548c\u4e13\u5236\u6027\u7684\u589e\u5f3a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4e2a\u6027\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u76f8\u5bf9\u7acb\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\u3002\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4e49\u52a1\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u5fc5\u987b\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e2a\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u201d[14]\u56e0\u6b64\u5bf9\u4e8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u610f\u4e49\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u5c0a\u91cd\u7684\uff0c\u8981\u7ef4\u62a4\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u793e\u4f1a\u4ef7\u503c\u548c\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u6027\u3002\u5982\u585e\u7f2a\u5c14\u00b7\u4ea8\u5ef7\u987f\u6240\u8bf4\u7684,\u201c\u9996\u8981\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u662f\u81ea\u7531,\u800c\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u516c\u5171\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002\u2026\u2026\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u5b58\u5728\u6743\u5a01,\u7136\u540e\u624d\u8c08\u5f97\u4e0a\u9650\u5236\u6743\u5a01\u3002\u201d[15]\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u662f\u771f\u7406\u548c\u6587\u5316\u8ba4\u540c\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u3001\u662f\u5bf9\u5408\u6cd5\u4e0e\u4f18\u826f\u7684\u516c\u5171\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u8ba4\u540c\u3002\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6279\u5224\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u5f31\u5316\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u6587\u5316\u548c\u6d88\u8d39\u6587\u5316\u4e5f\u65e5\u76ca\u63a7\u5236\u8206\u8bba\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u7279\u6743\u9762\u524d\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u6743\u5229\u76f8\u5f62\u89c1\u7ecc\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\u548c\u5e7f\u573a\u7684\u7ef4\u62a4\u4f9d\u7136\u8981\u4ece\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8def\u5f84\u7ee7\u7eed\uff0c1\u3001\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u7ec4\u7ec7(NGO)\u548c\u516c\u6c11\u201c\u5e7f\u573a\u201d\u3001\u516c\u6c11\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u91cd\u5efa\u548c\u53d1\u6325\u5b9e\u6548\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u201c\u7531\u4e8e\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u5e02\u573a\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4ee5\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u3001\u4e0e\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u6027\u3001\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u3001\u6fc0\u53d1\u79c1\u4eba\u4e3b\u52a8\u652f\u6301\u516c\u5171\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u53ca\u5176\u65b0\u8fd1\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u5bf9\u5efa\u7acb\u2018\u793e\u4f1a\u8d44\u672c\u2019\u7684\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5728\u5bfb\u6c42\u4ecb\u4e8e\u4ec5\u5bf9\u5e02\u573a\u4fe1\u4efb\u548c\u4ec5\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u4fe1\u4efb\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u2018\u4e2d\u95f4\u9053\u8def\u2019\u4e2d\u7684\u6218\u7565\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u5df2\u7ecf\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u201d[16]2\u3001\u516c\u6c11\u8a00\u8bba\u4e0e\u7406\u667a\u7684\u5f00\u542f\u6216\u5065\u5eb7\u4fdd\u6301\u3002(\u4e3b\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u7535\u89c6\u3001\u7535\u5f71\u3001\u7535\u53f0\u3001\u62a5\u520a\u6742\u5fd7\u7b49\u7b49\u5e73\u53f0\u8fdb\u884c)<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000(\u4e09)\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u4f18\u52bf\u751f\u5b58\u683c\u5c40<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u4ece\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u548c\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u524d\u8fdb\u76f4\u5230\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u90fd\u4f1a\u6709\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u548c\u5927\u91cf\u201c\u975e\u516c\u6c11\u201d(\u865a\u5047\u7684\u3001\u975e\u884c\u52a8\u548c\u975e\u81ea\u6211\u8ba4\u540c\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u548c\u6982\u5ff5\u6cd5\u7406\u4e0a\u7684\u6240\u8c13\u516c\u6c11)\u7684\u8bf8\u591a\u9886\u57df\u5185\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u65e2\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u201c\u5728\u89e3\u51b3\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u5bb6\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u592a\u559c\u6b22\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u5bf9\u9053\u5fb7\u4e4b\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u5938\u5927\u3002\u9053\u5fb7\u884c\u4e3a\u5fc5\u987b\u540c\u65f6\u662f\u4f18\u52bf\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5b83\u5c31\u662f\u53ef\u7591\u7684\u3002\u201d[17]\u5373\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u4ee5\u516c\u6c11\u4f26\u7406\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u751f\u5b58\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u53ef\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u5145\u6ee1\u4f18\u52bf\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u751f\u5b58\u683c\u5c40\u4e2d\u771f\u6b63\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u9053\u5fb7\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u5185\u6db5\u7684\u548c\u8c10\u7edf\u4e00\u3002\u5355\u4e2a\u516c\u6c11\u4e0e\u5168\u4f53\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u683c\u5c40\u4e2d\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5dee\u522b\uff0c\u201c\u975e\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u5e72\u6270\u4e0d\u4e86\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u867d\u7136\u4e0d\u4ee5\u5176\u4ed6\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u751f\u6d3b\u4e3a\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff0c\u4f46\u516c\u6c11\u4f26\u7406\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u4f18\u52bf\u751f\u5b58\u683c\u5c40\uff0c\u8fd9\u6765\u81ea\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u548c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u8bba\u70b9\u7684\u652f\u6301\u800c\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u5408\u4e4e\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u63a8\u8bba\u548c\u9610\u91ca\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u6c11\u4f18\u52bf\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u683c\u5c40\u4e2d\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u6d3b\u529b\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u4f26\u7406\u56de\u5f52\u5230\u4e86\u539f\u521d\u7684\u5929\u7136\u7684\u548c\u8c10\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4eba\u4e0e\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u9996\u8981\u5173\u7cfb\u5c06\u4f1a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6b63\u4e49\u7684\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u3001\u7406\u667a\u7684\u5e76\u5bcc\u4e8e\u516c\u5fb7\u6027\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u5207\u793e\u4f1a\u4f26\u7406\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u751f\u957f\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4ece\u653f\u6cbb\u89e3\u653e\u548c\u4eba\u7c7b\u89e3\u653e\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u516c\u6c11\u56de\u5f52\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u610f\u4e49\uff1a\u201c\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u628a\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u590d\u5f52\u4e8e\u81ea\u8eab\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u751f\u6d3b\u3001\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u52b3\u52a8\u3001\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u95f4\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u7c7b\u5b58\u5728\u7269\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u4eba\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u81ea\u8eab\u2018\u539f\u6709\u2019\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u5e76\u628a\u8fd9\u79cd\u529b\u91cf\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8d77\u6765\u56e0\u800c\u4e0d\u518d\u628a\u793e\u4f1a\u529b\u91cf\u5f53\u505a\u653f\u6cbb\u529b\u91cf\u8ddf\u81ea\u8eab\u5206\u5f00\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5230\u4e86\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u89e3\u653e\u624d\u80fd\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u201d[18]\u8fd9\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7ec8\u6781\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u4f18\u52bf\u751f\u5b58\u683c\u5c40\uff1a\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u5373\u4eba\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u6210\u4e3a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u624d\u6709\u62e5\u6709\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u201c\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u6700\u7ec8\u4f1a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4eba\u751f\u7f8e\u5b66\u7684\u5916\u5316\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u662f\u4eba\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6027\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u3001\u4f26\u7406\u6027\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7edf\u4e00\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5bf9\u516c\u6c11\u4f26\u7406\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u84dd\u56fe\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u8981\u70b9\u7684\u9610\u91ca\u5177\u6709\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u6839\u57fa\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u672c\u6587\u7684\u7ec8\u6781\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5e0c\u671b\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u80fd\u73cd\u60dc\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5df2\u7136\u4ed8\u51fa\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u4ee3\u4ef7\u6240\u5f97\u7684\u6839\u57fa\u5e76\u80fd\u501f\u7740\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u65ad\u8fdb\u6b65\u3002\u516c\u6c11\u4e0e\u516c\u6c11\u4f26\u7406\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u8303\u7574\u662f\u6c38\u6052\u800c\u5177\u6709\u5f00\u653e\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7279\u8272\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u8bed\u5883\u4e0b\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u6781\u5bcc\u516c\u6c11\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u793e\u4f1a\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u672a\u7adf\u7684\u4e8b\u4e1a\u548c\u9762\u4e34\u672a\u77e5\u6311\u6218\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u5bf9\u6b64\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u53ea\u80fd\u548c\u4ecd\u5904\u4e8e\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u547d\u8fd0\u65cb\u6d41\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u4eec\u7ee7\u7eed\u5145\u6ee1\u6fc0\u60c5\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4f26\u7406\u5b9e\u8df5\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u63a2\u7d22\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000[1] [\u82f1] \u5b89\u5fb7\u9c81\u00b7\u7518\u5e03\u5c14 \uff0c\u300a\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u547d\u8fd0\u300b\u524d\u8a00\uff0c\u80e1\u6653\u8fdb\u7b49 \u8bd1\uff0c[M] .\u6c5f\u82cf\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2007<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000[2] [\u7f8e] \u5f17\u6d1b\u59c6\uff0c\u300a\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4eba\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c208\u9875\uff0c\u5b59\u4f9d\u4f9d \u8bd1\uff0c[M] .\u4e09\u8054\u4e66\u5e97\uff0c1988<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000[3] [\u6cd5] \u8428\u7279\uff0c\u300a\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u300b\u7b2c21\u9875\uff0c\u5468\u7166\u826f \u8bd1\uff0c[M] .\u4e0a\u6d77\u8bd1\u6587\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1988<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000[4] \u9648\u72ec\u79c0\uff0c\u300a\u656c\u544a\u9752\u5e74\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d\u4e8e\u300a\u9752\u5e74\u6742\u5fd7\u300b(\u300a\u65b0\u9752\u5e74\u300b)\u7b2c\u4e00\u671f\uff0c[J] . 1919\u5e745\u6708<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000[5] \u5f20\u4e43\u548c,\u300a\u5409\u6797\u5927\u5b66\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u62a5\u300b[J] .2006\u5e74\u7b2c6\u671f<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000[6] [\u7f8e]\u6c49\u5a1c\u00b7\u963f\u4f26\u7279\uff0c\u300a\u6781\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u300b\u7b2c42\u9875\uff0c \u8521\u82f1\u6587 \u8bd1\uff0c[M] .\u53f0\u5317\u5e02\uff1a\u8054\u7ecf\u51fa\u7248\u4e8b\u4e1a\u516c\u53f8\uff0c1983<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000[7] [\u6cd5] \u8428\u7279\uff0c\u300a\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u300b\u7b2c22\u9875\uff0c\u5468\u7166\u826f \u8bd1\uff0c[M] .\u4e0a\u6d77\u8bd1\u6587\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1988<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000[8] \u300a\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u6069\u683c\u65af\u9009\u96c6\u300b\u7b2c1\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c78-79\u9875\uff0c[M] .\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1995<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000[9] \u300a\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u6069\u683c\u65af\u5168\u96c6\u300b\u7b2c3 \u5377\uff0c\u7b2c24\u9875\uff0c[M] .\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e, 1965<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000[10] \u8d75\u6c40\u9633\uff0c\u300a\u57ce\u90a6\u3001\u6c11\u4f17\u548c\u5e7f\u573a\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d\u4e8e\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u54f2\u5b66\u300b [J] . 2007\u5e74\u7b2c2\u671f<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000[11] \u65e0\u5f62\u7684\u5e7f\u573a\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u516c\u6c11\u70ed\u60c5\u53c2\u4e0e\u516c\u5171\u4e8b\u52a1\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u8fa9\u8bba\u4e0e\u7406\u6027\u6c9f\u901a\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u516c\u6c11\u6743\u5229\u548c\u4e49\u52a1\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e0e\u627f\u62c5\u8ba4\u540c\u7684\u6df1\u5165\u4eba\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000[12] \u53c2\u89c1\u201cModels of Public Space: Hannah Arendt, the Liberal Tradition, and Jurgen Habermas,\u201d in Craig Calhoun (ed.), Habermas and the Public Sphere, 1992; Situating the Self. Cambridge: the Polity Press, 1992, pp.89-120.<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000[13] [\u82f1] \u5b89\u5fb7\u9c81\u00b7\u7518\u5e03\u5c14 \uff0c\u300a\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u547d\u8fd0\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c82\u9875\uff0c\u80e1\u6653\u8fdb\u7b49 \u8bd1\uff0c[M] .\u6c5f\u82cf\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2007<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000[14] [\u6cd5] \u7231\u5f25\u5c14\u00b7\u6d82\u5c14\u5e72\uff0c\u300a\u804c\u4e1a\u4f26\u7406\u548c\u516c\u6c11\u9053\u5fb7\u300b\u7b2c74\u9875\uff0c\u6e20\u4e1c \u8bd1\uff0c[M] .\u4e0a\u6d77\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2001<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000[15] [\u7f8e] \u585e\u7f2a\u5c14\u00b7P\u00b7\u4ea8\u5ef7\u987f\uff0c\u300a\u53d8\u5316\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u79e9\u5e8f\u300b\u7b2c6\u9875,\u738b\u51a0\u534e\u3001\u5218\u4e3a\u7b49\u8bd1, [M] .\u4e0a\u6d77\u4e16\u7eaa\u51fa\u7248\u96c6\u56e2\uff0c2008<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000[16] [\u7f8e] \u8428\u62c9\u8499 \uff0c\u300a\u5168\u7403\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\uff1a\u975e\u76c8\u5229\u90e8\u95e8\u89c6\u754c\u300b\u7b2c5\u9875\uff0c[M] .\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u6587\u732e\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000[17] \u8d75\u6c40\u9633\uff0c\u300a\u51b2\u7a81\u4e0e\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u535a\u5f08\u54f2\u5b66\u300b\u8f7d\u4e8e \u8d75\u6c40\u9633 \u7f16\u300a\u5e74\u5ea6\u5b66\u672f\uff1a2007\u300b\uff0c[M] .\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2007<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000[18] \u300a\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u6069\u683c\u65af\u5168\u96c6\u300b\u7b2c1\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c443\u9875\uff0c[M] .\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e, 1965<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u4f5c\u8005\u7b80\u4ecb\uff1a\u6768\u6587\u660e\uff0c\u7537\uff0c\u6c49\u65cf\uff0c\u5b89\u5fbd\u961c\u9633\u4eba\uff0c1984.11.9\uff0c\u8bb2\u5e08\u3002 \u6d59\u6c5f\u5927\u5b66\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u7855\u58eb\uff0c\u73b0\u5c31\u804c\u4e8e\u7696\u897f\u536b\u751f\u804c\u4e1a\u5b66\u9662\u516c\u5171\u90e8\u653f\u6cbb\u6559\u7814\u5ba4\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u4ece\u4e8b\u601d\u60f3\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u9053\u5fb7\u6559\u80b2\u4fee\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u533b\u5b66\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u6559\u5b66\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u901a\u8baf\u5730\u5740\uff1a\u5b89\u5fbd\u7701\u516d\u5b89\u5e02\u91d1\u5b89\u533a\u768b\u57ce\u4e1c\u8def9\u53f7\u7696\u897f\u536b\u751f\u804c\u4e1a\u5b66\u9662\u516c\u5171\u90e8\u653f\u6cbb\u6559\u7814\u5ba4(237005)<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u7535\u8bdd\uff1a15240159797 \u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u7bb1\uff1a20704016@zju.edu.cn<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/api.mixpanel.com\/track\/?data=eyJldmVudCI6ICJmdWxsdGV4dGltcHJlc3Npb24iLCAicHJvcGVydGllcyI6IHsidG9rZW4iOiAiYTRhNDYwYTM5MDRlZWU4ZmY1ZTAyNGVhNGJkZTdhYzIifX0=&#038;ip=1&#038;img=1\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" border=\"0\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/pixel.quantserve.com\/pixel\/p-89EKCgBk8MZdE.gif\" border=\"0\" height=\"1\" width=\"1\" \/><\/p>\n<p><small>\u672c\u6587\u7531\u81ea\u52a8\u805a\u5408\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53d6\u81ea\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u548c\u89c2\u70b9\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u6570\u5b57\u65f6\u4ee3\u7acb\u573a<\/small><\/p>\n<form method=\"POST\" action=\"http:\/\/www.feedblitz.com\/f\/f.fbz?AddNewUserDirect\">\n\u5b9a\u671f\u83b7\u5f97\u7ffb\u5899\u4fe1\u606f\uff1f<a href=\"http:\/\/www.feedblitz.com\/f\/?Sub=750556\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u8bf7\u7535\u90ae\u8ba2\u9605\u6570\u5b57\u65f6\u4ee3<\/a> <br \/><input name=\"EMAIL\" maxlength=\"64\" type=\"text\" size=\"25\" value=\"\"><br \/>\n<input name=\"FEEDID\" type=\"hidden\" value=\"750556\"><br \/>\n<input name=\"PUBLISHER\" type=\"hidden\" value=\"7485568\"><br \/>\n<input type=\"submit\" value=\"\u8ba2\u9605!\"><br \/>\n<\/form>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p> \u3000\u3000\u6458\u8981\uff1a\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u4ef7\u503c\u4e8b\u5173\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u4eba\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u4f26\u7406\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5174\u8870\u8363\u8fb1\u3002\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u516c\u6c11\u4ef7\u503c\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e\u5c06\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u6811\u7acb\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u7406\u60f3\u4eba\u683c\uff0c\u8fd9\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u516c\u6c11\u4f26\u7406\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002 \u3000\u3000\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\uff1a\u516c\u6c11\uff0c\u7406\u60f3\u4eba\u683c\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u4f26\u7406\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f \u3000\u3000An Inquiry into the \u201cEthical life style of citizen\u201d \u3000\u3000Abstract: Citizen is a complicated and pivotal category in political society, the value of Citizen involves the decline or thrive of the society and people\u2019s political or ethical life . The\u201ccitizen\u201dis a kind of ideal personality that is a key to realize the value of citizen and it depends on the establishing of ethical life style of citizen. \u3000\u3000Key words: citizen, ideal personality, ethical life style of citizen \u3000\u3000\u4e00\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u547d\u8fd0\u4e4b\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u201d \u3000\u3000\u201c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u547d\u8fd0\u201d\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u6765\u81ea\u5f53\u4e0b\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u5171\u8bc6\uff1a\u653f\u6cbb\u4e00\u5ea6\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u63a7\u5236\u81ea\u8eab\u547d\u8fd0\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u800c\u73b0\u5728\u4eba\u4eec\u5374\u6df1\u6df1\u5730\u6000\u7591\u4eba\u7c7b\u63a7\u5236\u5404\u79cd\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u653f\u6cbb\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u4e8b\u5173\u4eba\u7c7b\u72b6\u51b5\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b0\u5bbf\u547d\u8bba\u58f0\u79f0\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6b63\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u6c34\u5cad\u3002\u5b83\u53cd\u6620\u51fa20\u4e16\u7eaa\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u6781\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\u653f\u6cbb\u5e0c\u671b\u7684\u7834\u706d\uff0c\u5bf9\u542f\u8499\u8fd0\u52a8\u6709\u5173\u7406\u6027\u548c\u8fdb\u6b65\u548c\u5b8f\u5927\u53d9\u4e8b\u7684\u66f4\u4e3a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5931\u671b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u672c\u8eab\u5e7b\u60f3\u7684\u7834\u706d\u3002[1]\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bba\u8c03\u6700\u4e3a\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5c31\u662f\u6709\u5173\u7ec8\u7ed3\u7ed3\u8bba\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u8bdd\u8bed\u2014\u2014\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u7ec8\u7ed3\u3001\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u7ec8\u7ed3\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u7ec8\u7ed3\u3001\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u7ec8\u7ed3\u3001\u516c\u5171\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u7ec8\u7ed3\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u7ec8\u7ed3\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4f3c\u4e4e\u90fd\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u6d8c\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u53cd\u5b8f\u5927\u53d9\u4e8b\u548c\u8ba4\u5b9a\u653f\u6cbb\u7ec8\u7ed3\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5374\u5ffd\u89c6\u5b83\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u6700\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u7ec8\u7ed3\u7684\u5b8f\u5927\u53d9\u4e8b\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u53cd\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u6697\u542b\u5728\u5982\u6b64\u4e4b\u591a\u6b64\u7c7b\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e2d\u7684\u5bbf\u547d\u8bba\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8981\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u653f\u6cbb\u8981\u7d20\u8fa9\u62a4\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u79bb\u5f00\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\u6211\u4eec\u4fbf\u4f1a\u4e00\u7b79\u83ab\u5c55\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56f0\u96be\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u575a\u5b9a\u56de\u7b54\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u3002 \u3000\u3000\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a(Citizen Society)\u662f\u6307\u4ee5\u7ecf\u6d4e\u751f\u6d3b\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u4eba\u9645\u4ea4\u5f80\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u968f\u7740\u73b0\u4ee3\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u800c\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u9886\u57df\u3002\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u5177\u6709\u5236\u5ea6\u6027\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u7684\u96c5\u5178\u548c\u53e4\u7f57\u9a6c\u7684\u57ce\u90a6\u65f6\u671f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\u5728\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u96cf\u5f62\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u51fa\u73b0\u539f\u521d\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u88ab\u5386\u53f2\u6e6e\u706d\uff0c\u4f46\u5e0c\u814a\u4f20\u7edf\u3001\u7f57\u9a6c\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u5171\u548c\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b97\u6559\u7cbe\u795e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6e0a\u6e90\u548c\u601d\u60f3\u4f20\u7edf\u5c31\u6b64\u5f62\u6210\u3002\u968f\u7740\u897f\u65b9\u73b0\u4ee3\u201c\u6c11\u65cf\u2014\u56fd\u5bb6\u201d\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u76f8\u5bf9\u5206\u79bb\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u66b4\u529b\u5de5\u5177\u76f8\u5bf9\u5206\u79bb\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u66b4\u529b\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u7f13\u548c\u4e86\u9636\u7ea7\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u897f\u65b9\u73b0\u4ee3\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5373\u4ee5\u7ecf\u6d4e\u751f\u6d3b\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u4eba\u9645\u4ea4\u5f80\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\u6743\u5229\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u5229\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6743\u5229\u3001\u6587\u5316\u6743\u5229\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u548c\u660e\u786e\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u683c\u5c40\u57fa\u672c\u5f62\u6210\u3002 \u3000\u3000\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8fd1\u4ee3\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u547d\u8fd0\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u4ece\u201c\u65b0\u9752\u5e74\u201d\u5230\u516c\u6c11\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u6761\u627f\u63a5\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u516c\u6c11(citizen)\u4e00\u8bcd\u5bc4\u6258\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u8ffd\u6c42\u6587\u660e\u548c\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u51b3\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u5fc5\u7136\u3002\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u5728\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\u662f\u6307\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u56fd\u7c4d\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u8be5\u56fd\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u8303\u4eab\u6709\u6743\u5229\u548c\u627f\u62c5\u4e49\u52a1\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u4eba\u3002\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u8bed\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u65b0\u4e2d\u56fd\u6700\u65e9\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u6027\u6587\u4ef6\u662f1953\u5e74\u516c\u5e03\u7684\u300a\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5168\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u53ca\u5730\u65b9\u5404\u7ea7\u4eba\u6c11\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u9009\u4e3e\u6cd5\u300b\u30021954\u5e74\u5baa\u6cd5\u5f00\u59cb\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u7528\u8bed\u5c31\u4e0d\u4ec5\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6743\u5229\u7684\u4eab\u6709\u8005\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u6307\u57fa\u672c\u4e49\u52a1\u7684\u627f\u62c5\u8005\u3002\u81ea\u6b64\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u6cd5\u7684\u5185\u6db5\u53d1\u751f\u91cd\u5927\u5b17\u53d8\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u76f4\u52301982\u5e74\u5baa\u6cd5\u9881\u5e03\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u6db5\u4e49\u624d\u88ab\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c1982\u5e74\u5baa\u6cd5\u7b2c33\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\uff1a\u201c\u51e1\u5177\u6709\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u56fd\u7c4d\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u9762\u524d\u4e00\u5f8b\u5e73\u7b49\u3002\u56fd\u5bb6\u5c0a\u91cd\u548c\u4fdd\u969c\u4eba\u6743\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u516c\u6c11\u4eab\u6709\u5baa\u6cd5\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5fc5\u987b\u5c65\u884c\u5baa\u6cd5\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u662f\u65b0\u4e2d\u56fd\u6210\u7acb\u4ee5\u6765\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bf9\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u7684\u6cd5\u7406\u8ba4\u540c\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u7b80\u5355\u76f4\u63a5\u4f46\u610f\u4e49\u6df1\u8fdc\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5bf9\u4e94\u5343\u5e74\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\u56fd\u7edf\u6cbb\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u7fa4\u4f17\u89c2\u7684\u5f7b\u5e95\u98a0\u8986\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u65b0\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e3b\u4e49\u9769\u547d\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u9769\u547d\u8574\u542b\u7684\u6700\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u548c\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u6807\u5fd7\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u516c\u6c11\u6587\u5316\u7684\u53d1\u8f6b\u3002 \u3000\u3000\u5728\u8fd1\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u548c\u5546\u54c1\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u65e5\u76ca\u6210\u4e3a\u5546\u54c1\u751f\u4ea7\u548c\u4ea4\u6362\u7684\u627f\u62c5\u8005\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u548c\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5f3a\u5316\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u53cd\u6620\u5230\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u6c42\u627f\u8ba4\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u4f7f\u516c\u6c11\u6210\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u6cbb\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u5373\u653f\u6cbb\u89d2\u8272\u4e2a\u4f53\u5316\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u76f8\u9002\u5e94\uff0c\u5c31\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u65e5\u76ca\u666e\u904d\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u89c2\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u89c2\u662f\u5546\u54c1\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u653f\u6cbb\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\u3002\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u5c31\u662f\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\uff0c\u547d\u8fd0\u610f\u5473\u7740\u9650\u5ea6\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u751f\u547d\u548c\u4eba\u4e16\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\uff0c\u547d\u8fd0\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u6e90\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u751f\u5b58\u72b6\u51b5\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u548c\u6709\u9650\u6027\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u800c\u751f\u547d\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u6c38\u6052\u7684\u3001\u5145\u6ee1\u521b\u9020\u6027\u7684\u5f20\u529b\u800c\u6210\u4e3a\u547d\u8fd0\u7684\u5bf9\u7acb\u9762\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u4e3a\u516c\u6c11\u7406\u60f3\u4eba\u683c\u800c\u594b\u6597\u4e0d\u606f\u3002 \u3000\u3000\u73b0\u4ee3\u516c\u6c11\u6982\u5ff5\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u6cd5\u7406\u6027\u800c\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u4f26\u7406\u6027\u548c\u5c5e\u4eba\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u7684\u5168\u9762\u53d1\u5c55\u662f\u4e00\u5207\u826f\u5584\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u5f52\u5bbf\uff0c\u201c\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u6210\u957f\u662f\u4e00\u5207\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u4eba\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u76ee\u7684\u548c\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9664\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u548c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u201d[2]\u8fd9\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u6700\u4e3a\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a\u6b63\u4e49\u548c\u4eba\u9053\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u73b0\u4ee3\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u518d\u662f\u5e72\u762a\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6761\u6587\u6216\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u800c\u5e94\u8be5\u660e\u786e\u6307\u51fa\u5176\u9971\u6ee1\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u610f\u8574\u548c\u9c9c\u6d3b\u7684\u73b0\u4e16\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u4ece\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u770b\u5230\uff1a\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u5185\u6db5\u7684\u6709\u6548\u3001\u5145\u5b9e\u3001\u5bcc\u4e8e\u4eba\u6587\u5173\u6000\u548c\u516c\u5e73\u6b63\u4e49\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e\u2014\u2014\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u4f26\u7406\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u4e14\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u3002 \u3000\u3000\u516c\u6c11\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u73b0\u4ee3\u6587\u660e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u57fa\u672c\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u8d85\u8d8a\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u548c\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7684\u666e\u4e16\u6027\u3002\u516c\u6c11\u6700\u7ec8\u4f1a\u56de\u5f52\u5230\u4f26\u7406\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u6765\uff0c\u4e0d\u7406\u89e3\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u53ef\u505a\u4ef7\u503c\u5224\u65ad\u3001\u4f26\u7406\u8bc4\u4ef7\u548c\u5ba1\u7f8e\u7684\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u4f26\u7406\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u201d\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e8e\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u4ecd\u7136\u53ea\u4f1a\u505c\u7559\u5728\u7a7a\u6d1e\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6807\u8bed\u548c\u53e3\u53f7\u4e0a\u3002\u516c\u6c11\u4f26\u7406\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u9610\u91ca\u4e0e\u5efa\u6784\u4ee5\u53ca\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u5b83\u7684\u826f\u5584\u4f26\u7406\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u8ba4\u540c\u53ef\u4ee5\u963b\u6b62\u201c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u547d\u8fd0\u201d\u6210\u4e3a\u4eba\u7684\u94c1\u7b3c\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u53cd\u5bf9\u628a\u547d\u8fd0\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u5bbf\u547d\u8bba\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u8fd8\u5b58\u5728\u8ffd\u6c42\u9971\u6ee1\u7684\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\uff0c\u547d\u8fd0\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u6539\u53d8\u3002 \u3000\u3000\u4e8c\u3001\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u7406\u60f3\u4eba\u683c \u3000\u3000(\u4e00)\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u65b0\u9752\u5e74\u201d\u7684\u516c\u6c11 \u3000\u3000\u7531\u4e8e\u201c\u4e94\u56db\u201d\u8fd0\u52a8\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u9769\u547d\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f53\u65f6\u56fd\u9645\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5927\u73af\u5883\u7684\u6ecb\u6da6\uff0c\u201c\u65b0\u9752\u5e74\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u7684\u521b\u751f\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u53d7\u5230\u4e16\u754c\u5148\u8fdb\u793e\u4f1a\u601d\u6f6e\u50ac\u751f\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7b14\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u9887\u5177\u4e2d\u56fd\u8bed\u5883\u7684\u201c\u65b0\u9752\u5e74\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u5176\u5b9e\u8fd8\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u4e16\u754c\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u5316\u6216\u8005\u540e\u5de5\u4e1a\u793e\u4f1a\u6216\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u6d88\u9664\u4eba\u4eec\u653f\u6cbb\u4eba\u7684\u201c\u6df1\u5165\u9aa8\u9ad3\u201d\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u6d88\u9664\u4e0d\u4e86\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u84ec\u52c3\u53d1\u5c55\u4ee5\u53ca\u516c\u6c11\u4eec\u81ea\u53d1\u548c\u81ea\u89c9\u7684\u5bf9\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u547d\u8fd0\u65cb\u6d41\u7684\u751f\u547d\u6216\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u548c\u6297\u4e89\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u201c\u65b0\u9752\u5e74\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u6240\u5f70\u663e\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u6b63\u662f\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u8303\u7574\u5728\u5f53\u4e0b\u6240\u8981\u7ee7\u5f80\u5f00\u6765\u7684\u3002\u91cd\u63d0\u4e2d\u56fd\u201c\u4e94\u56db\u201d\u8fd0\u52a8\u521b\u751f\u7684\u201c\u65b0\u9752\u5e74\u201d\u5c06\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u653f\u6cbb\u4f26\u7406\u666e\u4e16\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u3002 \u3000\u3000\u65b0\u9752\u5e74\u65e0\u5173\u4e4e\u5e74\u9f84\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u5728\u9648\u72ec\u79c0\u9996\u521b\u8fd9\u4e00\u6781\u5177\u793e\u4f1a\u4f26\u7406\u4e0e\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u5ff5\u51b2\u51fb\u529b\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u8bcd\u7ec4\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u65b0\u9752\u5e74\u66f4\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e00\u79cd\u4f26\u7406\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4e5f\u8bb8\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\u66f4\u5f3a\u8c03\u6467\u67af\u62c9\u673d\u7684\u9769\u547d\u6fc0\u60c5\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u6c11\u4e3b\u53ea\u662f\u6700\u521d\u7684\u51e0\u79cd\u7406\u5ff5\u8bc9\u6c42\u7684\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u65b0\u9752\u5e74\u9700\u8981\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u573a\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u671f\u5f85\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5230\u6765\uff0c\u4f46\u201c\u65b0\u9752\u5e74\u201d\u5c31\u6b64\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u9488\u5bf9\u9752\u5e74\u4eba\u4e43\u81f3\u4e00\u5207\u6709\u65fa\u76db\u751f\u547d\u529b\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u6fc0\u60c5\uff0c\u5bf9\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u547d\u8fd0\uff0c\u5bf9\u867d\u62bd\u8c61\u4f46\u65e0\u65f6\u65e0\u523b\u4e0d\u8033\u6fe1\u76ee\u67d3\u7684\u81ea\u8eab\u793e\u4f1a\u6587\u5316\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u611f\u5e94\u529b\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u8c61\u5f81\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4ee3\u4ee3\u65b0\u9752\u5e74\u7684\u6fc0\u60c5\u63a2\u7d22\u548c\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e5f\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u4eca\u5929\u6765\u4e4b\u4e0d\u6613\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u4e2d\u897f\uff0c\u6982\u83ab\u4f8b\u5916\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u201c\u65b0\u9752\u5e74\u201d\u7684\u8fdb\u53d6\u7cbe\u795e\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u6027\u548c\u6c11\u65cf\u6027\u7684\u6709\u673a\u7edf\u4e00\uff0c\u6709\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u666e\u4e16\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u201c\u65b0\u9752\u5e74\u201d\u5177\u6709\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u610f\u4e49\u5728\u5168\u7403\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\u65e5\u8d8b\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u4eca\u5929\u66f4\u5e94\u5f53\u88ab\u4eba\u4eec\u500d\u52a0\u5ba1\u89c6\u548c\u8ffd\u968f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u201c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u65b0\u9752\u5e74\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u9648\u72ec\u79c0\u5728\u300a\u656c\u544a\u9752\u5e74\u300b\u4e2d\u8bf4\u9053\uff1a\u8f7b\u5211\u8584\u8d4b\uff0c\u5974\u96b6\u4e4b\u5e78\u798f\u4e5f;\u79f0\u9882\u529f\u5fb7\uff0c\u5974\u96b6\u4e4b\u6587\u7ae0\u4e5f;\u62dc\u7235\u8d50\u7b2c\uff0c\u5974\u96b6\u4e4b\u5149\u8363\u4e5f;\u4e30\u7891\u9ad8\u5893\uff0c\u5974\u96b6\u4e4b\u7eaa\u5ff5\u7269\u4e5f\u3002\u65b0\u9752\u5e74\u9996\u5148\u8981\u6446\u8131\u7684\u662f\u5eb8\u4fd7\u610f\u8bc6\u548c\u5974\u96b6\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u201c\u2026\u2026\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u8003\u8651\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u548c\u81ea\u6211\u627f\u62c5\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u3002\u201d[3]\u4f5c\u4e3a\u65b0\u9752\u5e74\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u884c\u52a8\u4e2d\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u627f\u62c5\u8d23\u4efb\u4e2d\u53bb\u5b9e\u73b0\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u65b0\u9752\u5e74\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u5c31\u662f\u516c\u6c11\u4f26\u7406\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u6700\u9c9c\u6d3b\u7684\u4f53\u73b0\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3a\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u5229\u76ca,\u540c\u516c\u5171\u6743\u529b\u8bb2\u9053\u7406,\u8bc9\u8bf8\u6cd5\u6743\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8ba8\u201c\u8bf4\u6cd5\u201d,\u8fdb\u800c\u5411\u4f53\u5236\u6297\u4e89,\u6070\u6070\u8868\u660e\u4ed6\u6216\u5979\u624d\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u516c\u6c11,\u662f\u4ee5\u7406\u6027\u548c\u5e73\u624b\u6bb5\u8fd9\u4e00\u73b0\u4ee3\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u5fc3\u667a\u6765\u634d\u536b\u79c1\u5229,\u4ece\u800c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u634d\u536b\u516c\u76ca,\u9610\u660e\u7ef4\u62a4\u516c\u9053,\u800c\u975e\u4ec5\u4ec5\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u79c1\u6027\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u65b0\u9752\u5e74\u5e94\u5f53\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u201c\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\u800c\u975e\u5974\u96b6\u7684;\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u800c\u975e\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684;\u8fdb\u53d6\u7684\u800c\u975e\u9000\u9690\u7684;\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u800c\u975e\u9501\u56fd\u7684;\u5b9e\u5229\u7684\u800c\u975e\u865a\u6587\u7684;\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u800c\u975e\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u3002\u201d[4]\u6240\u4ee5\u4eca\u5929\u91cd\u63d0\u9648\u72ec\u79c0\u5148\u751f\u7684\u65b0\u9752\u5e74\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u66f4\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u65f6\u4ee3\u7cbe\u795e\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u610f\u4e49\u3002 \u3000\u3000(\u4e8c)\u516c\u6c11\u4ef7\u503c\u4e0e\u7406\u60f3\u4eba\u683c \u3000\u3000\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u4e0e\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u4e0e\u65f6\u4ff1\u8fdb\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u516c\u6c11\u5728\u8fd1\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4e2d\u7684\u6709\u6548\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u516c\u6c11\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u786e\u7acb\u5c06\u662f\u5efa\u8bbe\u65b0\u578b\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u57fa\u70b9\u3002\u516c\u6c11\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u6743\u5229\u5c06\u901a\u8fc7\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u6cbb\u8d23\u4efb\u5f97\u5230\u5207\u5b9e\u4fdd\u969c\u548c\u987a\u5229\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\u5219\u6784\u6210\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6240\u8d4b\u4e88\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6743\u529b\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5145\u6ee1\u548c\u8c10\u3001\u516c\u6b63\u3001\u6548\u7387\u3001\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u65b0\u578b\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u624d\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6700\u7ec8\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002[5]\u516c\u6c11\u4ef7\u503c\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u66f4\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u73b0\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u4eba\u683c\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7406\u60f3\u4eba\u683c\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u53e4\u5f80\u4eca\u6765\uff0c\u4e2d\u897f\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u6240\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u7406\u60f3\u4eba\u683c\u662f\u5bf9\u7406\u60f3\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u662f\u5bf9\u7ec8\u6781\u4f26\u7406\u4e4b\u9053\u7684\u7688\u4f9d\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u901a\u5e38\u4eba\u4eec\u5fc3\u4e2d\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u4eba\u683c\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u4f26\u7406\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u9610\u91ca\u548c\u5bf9\u201c\u81f3\u5584\u201d\u7684\u5411\u5f80\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u5e0c\u5fb7\u5e0c\u5723\u201d\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u4eba\u683c\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9ad8\u5ea6\u53d1\u8fbe\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7565\u663e\u7a7a\u4e4f\u3002\u9971\u6ee1\u7684\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u8303\u7574\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7406\u60f3\u4eba\u683c\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u662f\u5e0c\u671b\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u91cd\u65b0\u5ba1\u89c6\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u8ffd\u6c42\u548c\u5185\u5728\u6027\u683c\uff0c\u5728\u540e\u5de5\u4e1a\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u4eba\u4e0e\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5df2\u7ecf\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u7ebd\u5e26\u53bb\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a \u201c\u7fa4\u4f17\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u6027\u683c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6b8b\u9177\u3001\u91ce\u86ee\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u9694\u79bb\u3001\u5b64\u72ec\u4ee5\u53ca\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u201d[6]\u6b63\u5e38\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7f3a\u5931\u6b63\u662f\u5171\u540c\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u7f3a\u5931\uff0c\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u4f26\u7406\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u610f\u4e49\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5f97\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5177\u6709\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u4fee\u517b\u548c\u79c1\u5fb7\u5374\u5f7c\u6b64\u51b7\u6f20\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u6295\u5165\u5230\u5173\u7cfb\u81ea\u8eab\u4ef7\u503c\u548c\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u516c\u5171\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u4e2d\u6765\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u201c\u4eba\u5c31\u5f97\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u91cc\u51b3\u5b9a\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u548c\u522b\u4eba\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u201d[7]\u53ea\u6709\u4eba\u4e0e\u4eba\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u8ba4\u540c\u548c\u5f71\u54cd\u624d\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u5207\u793e\u4f1a\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u516c\u6c11\u7406\u60f3\u4eba\u683c\u7684\u786e\u7acb\u662f\u65b0\u65f6\u4ee3\u516c\u6c11\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u4f53\u73b0\uff0c\u662f\u4eba\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u8eab\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u4f1f\u5927\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u7406\u60f3\u4eba\u683c\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\u9700\u8981\u516c\u6c11\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8ba4\u540c\u548c\u534f\u4f5c\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u516c\u6c11\u5b9e\u73b0\u9971\u6ee1\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u89c2\uff1a\u62e5\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u201c\u4f26\u7406\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u201d\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u3002 \u3000\u3000\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u9762\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7406\u60f3\u4eba\u683c\u7684\u786e\u7acb\u6070\u6070\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u969c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u7f8e\u5b66\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u5ba1\u7f8e\u7684\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u516c\u6c11\u7406\u60f3\u4eba\u683c\u7684\u786e\u7acb\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\u8ffd\u6c42\u516c\u6c11\u7406\u60f3\u4eba\u683c\u7684\u4eba\u4fdd\u6709\u4e86\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u547d\u8fd0\u4e2d\u6289\u62e9\u672a\u6765\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u529b\u91cf\u3002 \u3000\u3000\u4e09\u3001\u516c\u6c11\u4f26\u7406\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u84dd\u56fe \u3000\u3000\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u4eba\u683c\u6240\u5177\u6709\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u548c\u73b0\u5b9e\u6027\u5927\u5927\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u5176\u7406\u60f3\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u66f4\u7ed9\u4eba\u4eec\u4e00\u79cd\u5145\u6ee1\u73b0\u5b9e\u611f\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u6027\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4ef7\u503c\u8bc9\u6c42\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u4eba\u683c\u6765\u52a0\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\uff0c\u6b64\u79cd\u7406\u60f3\u4eba\u683c\u6253\u7834\u4e86\u72ed\u9698\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u4f26\u7406\u7684\u5206\u754c\u800c\u76f4\u6307\u73b0\u4ee3\u4eba\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u5904\u5883\u548c\u4e0d\u6d4b\u547d\u8fd0\u3002 \u3000\u3000\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u7814\u7a76\u662f\u590d\u6742\u6df1\u523b\u7684\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u4f26\u7406\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u5168\u9762\u6027\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6784\u6210\u548c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u751f\u6d3b\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u4f26\u7406\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u5373\u662f\u5bf9\u611f\u6027\u548c\u6613\u53d8\u7eb7\u7e41\u590d\u6742\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u5883\u9047\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u54f2\u5b66\u63d0\u70bc\u548c\u4ef7\u503c\u5224\u5b9a\u3002 \u3000\u3000\u4f26\u7406\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u65e2\u5c5e\u4e8e\u201c\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u201d\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u53c8\u5c5e\u4e8e\u201c\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u201d\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u5171\u540c\u6307\u5411\u4eba\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5168\u9762\u53d1\u5c55\u3001\u6700\u7ec8\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u7279\u8272\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5168\u9762\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5f88\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u4f26\u7406\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u66f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u505a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u5168\u9762\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5173\u952e\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u8fd9\u6070\u6070\u5c31\u662f\u516c\u6c11\u4e4b\u4e3a\u4eba\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u547d\u8fd0\u7684\u5883\u9047\u4e2d\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u5199\u7167\uff0c\u81f3\u6b64\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u201d\u7684\u84dd\u56fe\u5f00\u59cb\u5448\u73b0\u3002 \u3000\u3000(\u4e00) \u201c\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u4e4b\u672c \u3000\u3000\u516c\u6c11\u4fdd\u6301\u81ea\u8eab\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u548c\u521b\u9020\u529b\u7684\u4e0d\u7aed\u7684\u6839\u672c\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u7ecf\u6d4e\u57fa\u7840\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e0a\u5c42\u5efa\u7b51\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u4ece\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u523b\u8d77\u5c31\u8c61\u5f81\u7740\u4e00\u79cd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4ee5\u53ca\u5177\u5907\u76f8\u5bf9\u80fd\u591f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u9636\u5c42\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u5e94\u5f53\u786e\u5b9a\u4e00\u5207\u4eba\u7c7b\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u524d\u63d0\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u5207\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u524d\u63d0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u524d\u63d0\u662f\uff1a\u4eba\u4eec\u4e3a\u4e86\u80fd\u591f\u2018\u521b\u9020\u5386\u53f2\u2019\u5fc5\u987b\u80fd\u591f\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u5403\u559d\u4f4f\u7a7f\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u5207\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u201d[8]\u516c\u6c11\u8981\u53c2\u4e0e\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u521b\u9020\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u540c\u6837\u4e5f\u662f\u201c\u5fc5\u987b\u80fd\u591f\u751f\u6d3b\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u8303\u7574\u5185\u5728\u5c31\u8574\u542b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u751f\u673a\u548c\u751f\u5b58\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u80fd\u529b\u4e0d\u81f3\u4e8e\u8870\u7aed\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u90fd\u8981\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u6ce8\u91cd\u81ea\u8eab\u751f\u5b58\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u5efa\u8bbe\uff0c\u8981\u628a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u548c\u804c\u4e1a\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u5173\u952e\u4f5c\u7528\u653e\u5230\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u4f26\u7406\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u7ec8\u6781\u6027\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u4f26\u7406\u9053\u5fb7\u8fd8\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u5207\u601d\u60f3\u6587\u5316\u6216\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6e90\u5934\u6700\u7ec8\u90fd\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u4ea7\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4eba\u4eec\u7528\u4ee5\u751f\u4ea7\u81ea\u5df1\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u8d44\u6599\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u73b0\u6210\u7684\u548c\u9700\u8981\u518d\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u8d44\u6599\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u751f\u4ea7\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5e94\u5f53\u4ece\u5b83\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u8089\u4f53\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u518d\u751f\u4ea7\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u6765\u52a0\u4ee5\u8003\u5bdf\u3002\u5b83\u5728\u66f4\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u8868\u73b0\u4ed6\u4eec\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u4e00\u5b9a\u5f62\u5f0f\u3001\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4e2a\u4eba\u600e\u6837\u8868\u73b0\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u5c31\u600e\u6837\u201d[9]\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u59cb\u7ec8\u5173\u6ce8\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u201c\u4eba\u7684\u5168\u9762\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u4ee5\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u548c\u751f\u4ea7\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u89e3\u653e\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u53d1\u5c55\u4e3a\u524d\u63d0\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u6b63\u662f\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u4f26\u7406\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u6700\u7ec8\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u4fdd\u969c\u3002 \u3000\u3000\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u521b\u9020\u529b\u7684\u83b7\u5f97\u6216\u4e27\u5931\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u53d7\u5236\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u793e\u4f1a\u5f62\u6001\u8fd8\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u793e\u4f1a\u5f62\u6001\u90fd\u6709\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u8fd9\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6587\u660e\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u793e\u4f1a\u66f4\u52a0\u89e3\u653e\u4eba\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6d88\u706d\u4e86\u79c1\u6709\u5236\u548c\u5265\u524a\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6b63\u662f\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8981\u7d20\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u5728\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u9769\u547d\u4e2d\u8bde\u751f\u4e4b\u540e\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u5148\u8fdb\u800c\u4f18\u8d8a\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u548c\u4f26\u7406\u6027\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u800c\u88ab\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u6240\u8ba4\u540c\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u65e0\u8bba\u4eca\u5929\u4eba\u4eec\u5904\u4e8e\u4f55\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u72b6\u6001\u4ee5\u53ca\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u90fd\u8981\u52aa\u529b\u751f\u5b58\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u3001\u5c3d\u6700\u5927\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd0\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u4eba\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u201d(\u963f\u4f26\u7279\u8bed)\u751f\u547d\u529b(\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u3001\u667a\u6167\u529b\u3001\u6fc0\u60c5\u4e0e\u610f\u5fd7\u529b)\u53bb\u5b9e\u73b0\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u72ec\u7acb\u3001\u81ea\u98df\u5176\u529b\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u6761\u4ef6\u3002 \u3000\u3000(\u4e8c)\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\u548c\u201c\u5e7f\u573a\u201d \u3000\u3000\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u5728\u5f62\u6210\u751f\u5b58\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u80fd\u529b\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u7a7a\u95f4\u5fc5\u7136\u8981\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u51fa\u73b0\u5373\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\u548c\u5e7f\u573a\u3002 \u3000\u3000\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u653f\u6cbb\u5efa\u6784\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u516c\u5171\u4ea4\u5f80\u548c\u516c\u4f17\u8206\u8bba\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5145\u6ee1\u516c\u5f00\u6027\u548c\u76f8\u4e92\u6027\u7684\u5171\u540c\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e8e\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u529b\u662f\u5177\u6709\u6279\u5224\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u4e00\u65e5\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u4ece\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u53d8\u884c\u52a8\u4e2d\u7684\u8df5\u884c\u516c\u6c11\u4e5f\u5c31\u4e00\u65e5\u53ea\u662f\u53ef\u6709\u53ef\u65e0\u7684\u79c1\u6027\u5b58\u5728,\u9000\u7f29\u4e8e\u5bb6\u653f\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u79c1\u9690\u72b6\u6001,\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e8e\u201c\u8212\u9002\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u4fdd\u5168\u201d,\u8f7d\u6d6e\u8f7d\u6c89,\u81ea\u751f\u81ea\u706d\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u5168\u80fd\u578b\u653f\u6cbb\u5bf9\u4e8e\u79c1\u6027\u751f\u6d3b\u7f51\u5f00\u4e00\u9762,\u4ece\u800c\u5141\u8bb8\u5e02\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u767b\u573a,\u540c\u65f6,\u53c8\u8868\u660e\u516c\u5171\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f9d\u7136\u6709\u9650\u751a\u81f3\u7d27\u7b8d\u3002\u5e7f\u573a\u4ee5\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u201c\u5e7f\u573a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u516c\u5171\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u786e\u7acb\u653f\u6cbb\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\u6709\u7740\u6781\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u6709\u5f62\u7684\u7269\u7406\u7a7a\u95f4\u5bf9\u65e0\u5f62\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u6d3b\u52a8\u6709\u7740\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u6697\u793a\u548c\u8bf1\u5bfc\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u5ffd\u89c6\u201d[10]\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u8fd0\u8f6c\u548c\u6709\u5f62\u6216\u65e0\u5f62[11]\u7684\u201c\u5e7f\u573a\u201d\u7684\u5efa\u6784\u662f\u57f9\u80b2\u65b0\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u57fa\u5730\u3002\u4eba\u751f\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u5728\u4e8e\u8981\u53c2\u4e0e\u5230\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0e\u540c\u7c7b\u4e00\u8d77\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8d85\u8d8a\u52b3\u52a8\u4e0e\u5de5\u4f5c\u8fbe\u5230\u4e0d\u673d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fd9\u4e8e\u52b3\u52a8\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u800c\u65e0\u6687\u53c2\u4e0e\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u7edd\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u5e78\u798f\u7684\u3002\u7531\u6b64\uff0c\u963f\u4f26\u7279\u63a8\u8bba\u9053\uff0c\u81ea\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u653f\u6cbb\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u914d\u79f0\u4f5c\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u79c1\u4eba\u9886\u57df\u65e5\u76ca\u6269\u5f20\uff0c\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\u5374\u65e5\u76ca\u840e\u7f29\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u52b3\u52a8\u800c\u65e0\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u653f\u6cbb\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5b98\u50da\u884c\u4e3a\u800c\u65e0\u653f\u6cbb\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u54c8\u8d1d\u9a6c\u65af\u540e\u6765\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u4ea4\u5f80\u7406\u8bba\u5f3a\u8c03\u4ee5\u6c9f\u901a\u884c\u52a8\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5ef6\u7eed\u4ed6\u7684\u5e03\u5c14\u4e54\u4e9a\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u7406\u6027\u6279\u5224\u53ca\u8bba\u8bc1\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002Seyla Benhabib\u56e0\u6b64\u79f0\u54c8\u8d1d\u9a6c\u65af\u7684\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e3a\u201c\u8bba\u8ff0\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u201d\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u4e24\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u963f\u4f26\u7279\u7684\u201c\u7ade\u6280\u573a\u5f0f\u201d\u7684\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5f00\u653e\u4ea4\u4e92\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002[12] \u3000\u3000\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\u4e00\u5ea6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u88ab\u7ec8\u7ed3\u7684\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u201c\u5355\u5411\u5ea6\u7684\u4eba\u201d\u8fd8\u662f\u201c\u9003\u907f\u81ea\u7531\u201d\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u8c61\u5f81\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u70ed\u60c5\u7684\u9000\u51cf\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u81ea\u8eab\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u7684\u6f20\u4e0d\u5173\u5fc3\u3002\u9769\u547d\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5df2\u7ecf\u7ec8\u7ed3\u3001\u79c1\u4eba\u9053\u5fb7\u548c\u5ba1\u7f8e\u7684\u8fc7\u91cf\u6ecb\u751f\u3001\u5b89\u9038\u548c\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u5c0f\u4f17\u79c1\u6027\u751f\u6d3b\u4fb5\u8680\u7740\u6765\u4e4b\u4e0d\u6613\u7684\u5386\u7ecf\u9769\u547d\u6d41\u8840\u548c\u6743\u5229\u8fd0\u52a8\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\u6c11\u6743\u610f\u8bc6\u548c\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\u3002\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\u4e00\u76f4\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u81f4\u547d\u5a01\u80c1\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a\u201c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u516c\u5171\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u516c\u5171\u53c2\u4e0e(civic engagement),\u6ca1\u6709\u516c\u5171\u8206\u8bba\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u516c\u5171\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u8861\u91cf\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5c06\u4f1a\u6d88\u5931\u3002\u201d[13]\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u5c31\u5fc5\u7136\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u6027\u7684\u6d88\u5931\u548c\u5f3a\u8feb\u6027\u548c\u4e13\u5236\u6027\u7684\u589e\u5f3a\u3002 \u3000\u3000\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4e2a\u6027\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u76f8\u5bf9\u7acb\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\u3002\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4e49\u52a1\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u5fc5\u987b\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e2a\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u201d[14]\u56e0\u6b64\u5bf9\u4e8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u610f\u4e49\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u5c0a\u91cd\u7684\uff0c\u8981\u7ef4\u62a4\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u793e\u4f1a\u4ef7\u503c\u548c\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u6027\u3002\u5982\u585e\u7f2a\u5c14\u00b7\u4ea8\u5ef7\u987f\u6240\u8bf4\u7684,\u201c\u9996\u8981\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u662f\u81ea\u7531,\u800c\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u516c\u5171\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002\u2026\u2026\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u5b58\u5728\u6743\u5a01,\u7136\u540e\u624d\u8c08\u5f97\u4e0a\u9650\u5236\u6743\u5a01\u3002\u201d[15]\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u662f\u771f\u7406\u548c\u6587\u5316\u8ba4\u540c\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u3001\u662f\u5bf9\u5408\u6cd5\u4e0e\u4f18\u826f\u7684\u516c\u5171\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u8ba4\u540c\u3002\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6279\u5224\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u5f31\u5316\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u6587\u5316\u548c\u6d88\u8d39\u6587\u5316\u4e5f\u65e5\u76ca\u63a7\u5236\u8206\u8bba\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u7279\u6743\u9762\u524d\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u6743\u5229\u76f8\u5f62\u89c1\u7ecc\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\u548c\u5e7f\u573a\u7684\u7ef4\u62a4\u4f9d\u7136\u8981\u4ece\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8def\u5f84\u7ee7\u7eed\uff0c1\u3001\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u7ec4\u7ec7(NGO)\u548c\u516c\u6c11\u201c\u5e7f\u573a\u201d\u3001\u516c\u6c11\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u91cd\u5efa\u548c\u53d1\u6325\u5b9e\u6548\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u201c\u7531\u4e8e\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u5e02\u573a\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4ee5\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u3001\u4e0e\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u6027\u3001\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u3001\u6fc0\u53d1\u79c1\u4eba\u4e3b\u52a8\u652f\u6301\u516c\u5171\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u53ca\u5176\u65b0\u8fd1\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u5bf9\u5efa\u7acb\u2018\u793e\u4f1a\u8d44\u672c\u2019\u7684\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5728\u5bfb\u6c42\u4ecb\u4e8e\u4ec5\u5bf9\u5e02\u573a\u4fe1\u4efb\u548c\u4ec5\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u4fe1\u4efb\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u2018\u4e2d\u95f4\u9053\u8def\u2019\u4e2d\u7684\u6218\u7565\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u5df2\u7ecf\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u201d[16]2\u3001\u516c\u6c11\u8a00\u8bba\u4e0e\u7406\u667a\u7684\u5f00\u542f\u6216\u5065\u5eb7\u4fdd\u6301\u3002(\u4e3b\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u7535\u89c6\u3001\u7535\u5f71\u3001\u7535\u53f0\u3001\u62a5\u520a\u6742\u5fd7\u7b49\u7b49\u5e73\u53f0\u8fdb\u884c) \u3000\u3000(\u4e09)\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u4f18\u52bf\u751f\u5b58\u683c\u5c40 \u3000\u3000\u4ece\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u548c\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u524d\u8fdb\u76f4\u5230\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u90fd\u4f1a\u6709\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u548c\u5927\u91cf\u201c\u975e\u516c\u6c11\u201d(\u865a\u5047\u7684\u3001\u975e\u884c\u52a8\u548c\u975e\u81ea\u6211\u8ba4\u540c\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u548c\u6982\u5ff5\u6cd5\u7406\u4e0a\u7684\u6240\u8c13\u516c\u6c11)\u7684\u8bf8\u591a\u9886\u57df\u5185\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u65e2\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u201c\u5728\u89e3\u51b3\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u5bb6\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u592a\u559c\u6b22\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u5bf9\u9053\u5fb7\u4e4b\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u5938\u5927\u3002\u9053\u5fb7\u884c\u4e3a\u5fc5\u987b\u540c\u65f6\u662f\u4f18\u52bf\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5b83\u5c31\u662f\u53ef\u7591\u7684\u3002\u201d[17]\u5373\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u4ee5\u516c\u6c11\u4f26\u7406\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u751f\u5b58\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u53ef\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u5145\u6ee1\u4f18\u52bf\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u751f\u5b58\u683c\u5c40\u4e2d\u771f\u6b63\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u9053\u5fb7\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u5185\u6db5\u7684\u548c\u8c10\u7edf\u4e00\u3002\u5355\u4e2a\u516c\u6c11\u4e0e\u5168\u4f53\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u683c\u5c40\u4e2d\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5dee\u522b\uff0c\u201c\u975e\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u5e72\u6270\u4e0d\u4e86\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u867d\u7136\u4e0d\u4ee5\u5176\u4ed6\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u751f\u6d3b\u4e3a\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff0c\u4f46\u516c\u6c11\u4f26\u7406\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u4f18\u52bf\u751f\u5b58\u683c\u5c40\uff0c\u8fd9\u6765\u81ea\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u548c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u8bba\u70b9\u7684\u652f\u6301\u800c\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u5408\u4e4e\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u63a8\u8bba\u548c\u9610\u91ca\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u6c11\u4f18\u52bf\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u683c\u5c40\u4e2d\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u6d3b\u529b\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u4f26\u7406\u56de\u5f52\u5230\u4e86\u539f\u521d\u7684\u5929\u7136\u7684\u548c\u8c10\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4eba\u4e0e\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u9996\u8981\u5173\u7cfb\u5c06\u4f1a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6b63\u4e49\u7684\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u3001\u7406\u667a\u7684\u5e76\u5bcc\u4e8e\u516c\u5fb7\u6027\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u5207\u793e\u4f1a\u4f26\u7406\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u751f\u957f\u70b9\u3002 \u3000\u3000\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4ece\u653f\u6cbb\u89e3\u653e\u548c\u4eba\u7c7b\u89e3\u653e\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u516c\u6c11\u56de\u5f52\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u610f\u4e49\uff1a\u201c\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u628a\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u590d\u5f52\u4e8e\u81ea\u8eab\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u751f\u6d3b\u3001\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u52b3\u52a8\u3001\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u95f4\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u7c7b\u5b58\u5728\u7269\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u4eba\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u81ea\u8eab\u2018\u539f\u6709\u2019\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u5e76\u628a\u8fd9\u79cd\u529b\u91cf\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8d77\u6765\u56e0\u800c\u4e0d\u518d\u628a\u793e\u4f1a\u529b\u91cf\u5f53\u505a\u653f\u6cbb\u529b\u91cf\u8ddf\u81ea\u8eab\u5206\u5f00\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5230\u4e86\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u89e3\u653e\u624d\u80fd\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u201d[18]\u8fd9\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7ec8\u6781\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u4f18\u52bf\u751f\u5b58\u683c\u5c40\uff1a\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u5373\u4eba\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u6210\u4e3a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u624d\u6709\u62e5\u6709\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u201c\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002 \u3000\u3000\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u6700\u7ec8\u4f1a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4eba\u751f\u7f8e\u5b66\u7684\u5916\u5316\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u662f\u4eba\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6027\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u3001\u4f26\u7406\u6027\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7edf\u4e00\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5bf9\u516c\u6c11\u4f26\u7406\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u84dd\u56fe\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u8981\u70b9\u7684\u9610\u91ca\u5177\u6709\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u6839\u57fa\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u672c\u6587\u7684\u7ec8\u6781\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5e0c\u671b\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u80fd\u73cd\u60dc\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5df2\u7136\u4ed8\u51fa\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u4ee3\u4ef7\u6240\u5f97\u7684\u6839\u57fa\u5e76\u80fd\u501f\u7740\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u65ad\u8fdb\u6b65\u3002\u516c\u6c11\u4e0e\u516c\u6c11\u4f26\u7406\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u8303\u7574\u662f\u6c38\u6052\u800c\u5177\u6709\u5f00\u653e\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7279\u8272\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u8bed\u5883\u4e0b\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u6781\u5bcc\u516c\u6c11\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u793e\u4f1a\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u672a\u7adf\u7684\u4e8b\u4e1a\u548c\u9762\u4e34\u672a\u77e5\u6311\u6218\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u5bf9\u6b64\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u53ea\u80fd\u548c\u4ecd\u5904\u4e8e\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u547d\u8fd0\u65cb\u6d41\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u4eec\u7ee7\u7eed\u5145\u6ee1\u6fc0\u60c5\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4f26\u7406\u5b9e\u8df5\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u63a2\u7d22\u3002 \u3000\u3000\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e \u3000\u3000[1] [\u82f1] \u5b89\u5fb7\u9c81\u00b7\u7518\u5e03\u5c14 \uff0c\u300a\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u547d\u8fd0\u300b\u524d\u8a00\uff0c\u80e1\u6653\u8fdb\u7b49 \u8bd1\uff0c[M] .\u6c5f\u82cf\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2007 \u3000\u3000[2] [\u7f8e] \u5f17\u6d1b\u59c6\uff0c\u300a\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4eba\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c208\u9875\uff0c\u5b59\u4f9d\u4f9d \u8bd1\uff0c[M] .\u4e09\u8054\u4e66\u5e97\uff0c1988 \u3000\u3000[3] [\u6cd5] \u8428\u7279\uff0c\u300a\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u300b\u7b2c21\u9875\uff0c\u5468\u7166\u826f \u8bd1\uff0c[M] .\u4e0a\u6d77\u8bd1\u6587\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1988 \u3000\u3000[4] \u9648\u72ec\u79c0\uff0c\u300a\u656c\u544a\u9752\u5e74\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d\u4e8e\u300a\u9752\u5e74\u6742\u5fd7\u300b(\u300a\u65b0\u9752\u5e74\u300b)\u7b2c\u4e00\u671f\uff0c[J] . 1919\u5e745\u6708 \u3000\u3000[5] \u5f20\u4e43\u548c,\u300a\u5409\u6797\u5927\u5b66\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u62a5\u300b[J] .2006\u5e74\u7b2c6\u671f \u3000\u3000[6] [\u7f8e]\u6c49\u5a1c\u00b7\u963f\u4f26\u7279\uff0c\u300a\u6781\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u300b\u7b2c42\u9875\uff0c \u8521\u82f1\u6587 \u8bd1\uff0c[M] .\u53f0\u5317\u5e02\uff1a\u8054\u7ecf\u51fa\u7248\u4e8b\u4e1a\u516c\u53f8\uff0c1983 \u3000\u3000[7] [\u6cd5] \u8428\u7279\uff0c\u300a\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u300b\u7b2c22\u9875\uff0c\u5468\u7166\u826f \u8bd1\uff0c[M] .\u4e0a\u6d77\u8bd1\u6587\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1988 \u3000\u3000[8] \u300a\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u6069\u683c\u65af\u9009\u96c6\u300b\u7b2c1\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c78-79\u9875\uff0c[M] .\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1995 \u3000\u3000[9] \u300a\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u6069\u683c\u65af\u5168\u96c6\u300b\u7b2c3 \u5377\uff0c\u7b2c24\u9875\uff0c[M] .\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e, 1965 \u3000\u3000[10] \u8d75\u6c40\u9633\uff0c\u300a\u57ce\u90a6\u3001\u6c11\u4f17\u548c\u5e7f\u573a\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d\u4e8e\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u54f2\u5b66\u300b [J] . 2007\u5e74\u7b2c2\u671f \u3000\u3000[11] \u65e0\u5f62\u7684\u5e7f\u573a\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u516c\u6c11\u70ed\u60c5\u53c2\u4e0e\u516c\u5171\u4e8b\u52a1\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u8fa9\u8bba\u4e0e\u7406\u6027\u6c9f\u901a\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u516c\u6c11\u6743\u5229\u548c\u4e49\u52a1\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e0e\u627f\u62c5\u8ba4\u540c\u7684\u6df1\u5165\u4eba\u5fc3\u3002 \u3000\u3000[12] \u53c2\u89c1\u201cModels of Public Space: Hannah Arendt, the Liberal Tradition, and Jurgen Habermas,\u201d in Craig Calhoun (ed.), Habermas and the Public Sphere, 1992; Situating the Self. Cambridge: the Polity Press, 1992, pp.89-120<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":176,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","ampforwp-amp-on-off":"","home_featured":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[20534],"tags":[10519],"class_list":["post-173688","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-20534","tag-10519","et-doesnt-have-format-content","et_post_format-et-post-format-standard"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/173688","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/176"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=173688"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/173688\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=173688"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=173688"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=173688"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}