{"id":179523,"date":"2011-09-15T20:00:16","date_gmt":"2011-09-16T03:00:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/2011\/09\/%e5%bc%a0%e5%8d%83%e5%b8%86-%e4%b8%ad%e5%a4%ae%e4%b8%8e%e5%9c%b0%e6%96%b9%e8%b4%a2%e6%94%bf%e5%88%86%e6%9d%83%e2%80%94%e2%80%94%e4%b8%ad%e5%9b%bd%e7%bb%8f%e9%aa%8c%e3%80%81%e9%97%ae%e9%a2%98\/"},"modified":"2011-09-15T20:00:16","modified_gmt":"2011-09-16T03:00:16","slug":"%e5%bc%a0%e5%8d%83%e5%b8%86-%e4%b8%ad%e5%a4%ae%e4%b8%8e%e5%9c%b0%e6%96%b9%e8%b4%a2%e6%94%bf%e5%88%86%e6%9d%83%e2%80%94%e2%80%94%e4%b8%ad%e5%9b%bd%e7%bb%8f%e9%aa%8c%e3%80%81%e9%97%ae%e9%a2%98","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/179523.html","title":{"rendered":"\u5f20\u5343\u5e06 | \u4e2d\u592e\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u8d22\u653f\u5206\u6743\u2014\u2014\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3001\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u51fa\u8def"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<dl>\n<dd>\n<div>\n<p><span>2011\u5e7409\u670816\u65e5 08:25:40<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u3000\u3000<br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span>\u3000\u3000\u5185\u5bb9\u63d0\u8981\uff1a\u00a0 \u672c\u6587\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e2d\u592e\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u8d22\u653f\u5206\u6743\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5448\u73b0\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3001\u95ee\u9898\u53ca\u5176\u51fa\u8def\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u9996\u5148\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e861949\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\u8d22\u653f\u5206\u6743\u4e0e\u96c6\u6743\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u5e76\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u8fd9\u6bb5\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u4e0e\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u6587\u7ae0\u5206\u6790\u4e861994\u5e74\u5206\u7a0e\u5236\u7684\u5b9e\u65bd\u53ca\u5176\u6210\u8d25\uff0c\u5e76\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u5728\u4e2d\u592e\u96c6\u6743\u4f53\u5236\u4e0b\u5b9e\u884c\u5206\u7a0e\u5236\u6240\u884d\u751f\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u8fd0\u7528\u4e2d\u592e\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\u6cd5\u6cbb\u5316\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u4e2d\u56fd\u8d22\u653f\u5206\u6743\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u51fa\u8def\u3002<br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span><br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span>\u3000\u3000\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\uff1a\u4e2d\u592e\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u8d22\u653f\u5206\u6743\uff0c\u571f\u5730\u8d22\u653f<br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span><br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span>\u3000\u3000\u82f1\u6587\u6807\u9898\uff1aThe Central-local Separation of Fiscal Powers: China\u2019s Experiences, Problems and Solutions<br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span><br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span>\u3000\u3000\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5355\u4e00\u5236\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u4f53\u5236\u4f3c\u4e4e\u7406\u6240\u5f53\u7136\u5730\u6cbf\u88ad\u4e86\u4e2d\u592e\u96c6\u6743\u5236\u7684\u6743\u529b\u7ed3\u6784\u3002 [1] 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\/><span>\u00a0<\/span>\u3000\u3000\u672c\u6587\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e2d\u592e\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u8d22\u653f\u5206\u6743\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5448\u73b0\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3001\u95ee\u9898\u53ca\u5176\u51fa\u8def\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u9996\u5148\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e861949\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\u8d22\u653f\u5206\u6743\u4e0e\u96c6\u6743\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u5e76\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u8fd9\u6bb5\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u4e0e\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u6587\u7ae0\u5206\u6790\u4e861994\u5e74\u5206\u7a0e\u5236\u7684\u5b9e\u65bd\u53ca\u5176\u6210\u8d25\uff0c\u5e76\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u5728\u4e2d\u592e\u96c6\u6743\u4f53\u5236\u4e0b\u5b9e\u884c\u5206\u7a0e\u5236\u6240\u884d\u751f\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u8fd0\u7528\u4e2d\u592e\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\u6cd5\u6cbb\u5316\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u4e2d\u56fd\u8d22\u653f\u5206\u6743\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u51fa\u8def\u3002<br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span>\u3000\u3000<br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span>\u3000\u3000<strong>\u4e00\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u96c6\u6743\u4e0e\u5206\u6743<\/strong><br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span>\u3000\u3000<br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span>\u3000\u3000\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u96c6\u6743\u548c\u5206\u6743\u662f\u548c\u4e2d\u592e\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u529b\u53d8\u8fc1\u5b8c\u5168\u540c\u6b65\u7684\u3002\u548c\u534a\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u529b\u5206\u914d\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u4e09\u6b21\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u5206\u6743\uff1a1958-61\u5e74\u7684\u201c\u5927\u8dc3\u8fdb\u201d\u30011970-76\u5e74\u7684\u201c\u6587\u9769\u201d\u6df7\u4e71\u4ee5\u53ca\u6539\u9769\u5f00\u653e\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u201c\u653e\u6743\u8ba9\u5229\u201d\u3002 [2] \u7ecf\u8fc7\u51e0\u6b21\u5faa\u73af\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u624d\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u5206\u7a0e\u5236\u3002<br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span>\u3000\u30001950\u5e743\u6708\uff0c\u653f\u52a1\u9662\u9881\u5e03\u4e86\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u7edf\u4e00\u56fd\u5bb6\u8d22\u653f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u300b\uff0c\u5b9e\u884c\u7edf\u4e00\u6536\u652f\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u653f\u7b56\u3002 [3] 1954\u5e74\u5e95\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e86\u7edd\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u884c\u653f\u7ba1\u7406\u6743\u529b\u30021953\u5e74\u53d6\u6d88\u4e86\u5927\u533a\u4e00\u7ea7\u8d22\u653f\uff0c\u5168\u56fd\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e2d\u592e\u3001\u7701\u548c\u53bf\u4e09\u7ea7\u8d22\u653f\uff0c\u5b9e\u884c\u201c\u7edf\u4e00\u9886\u5bfc\uff0c\u5212\u5206\u6536\u652f\uff0c\u5206\u7ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u201d\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u9ad8\u5ea6\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u7edf\u6536\u7edf\u652f\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e94\u5e74\u8ba1\u5212\uff081953-58\uff09\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u8d22\u653f\u6536\u5165\u5360\u603b\u6536\u5165\u768480%\uff0c\u603b\u652f\u51fa\u768475%\u3002\u5168\u56fd\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u7eb3\u5165\u4e2d\u592e\u8ba1\u5212\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u673a\u52a8\u6027\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u5f88\u5c0f\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u9ad8\u5ea6\u96c6\u6743\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e25\u91cd\u675f\u7f1a\u4e86\u5730\u65b9\u81ea\u4e3b\u6743\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u8ba1\u5212\u4f53\u5236\u7279\u6709\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u57281955\u5e74\u53ec\u5f00\u7684\u515a\u4ee3\u4f1a\u4e0a\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u8981\u6c42\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u3002\u5b89\u5fbd\u7701\u59d4\u4e66\u8bb0\u53cd\u6620\uff0c\u6dee\u5357\u4e24\u4e07\u591a\u4eba\u7684\u5927\u7164\u77ff\u5728\u8d22\u653f\u652f\u51fa\u4e0a\u53ea\u6709200\u5143\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u6279\u51c6\u6743\uff0c\u9886\u5bfc\u6ca1\u6709\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u6743\u529b\u3002\u5929\u6d25\u5e02\u59d4\u53cd\u6620\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u5728\u4e94\u5e74\u4e2d\u53ea\u7ed9\u5929\u6d25\u5730\u65b9\u5de5\u4e1a\u5b89\u6392\u4e8620\u4e07\u5143\u57fa\u5efa\u6295\u8d44\uff0c\u5efa\u4ec0\u4e48\u90fd\u8981\u62a5\u4e2d\u592e\u6709\u5173\u90e8\u95e8\u6279\u51c6\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8fde\u5e02\u91cc\u8bbe\u591a\u5c11\u7535\u5f71\u961f\u3001\u6bcf\u961f\u914d\u5907\u591a\u5c11\u4eba\u4e5f\u8981\u62a5\u7ecf\u4e2d\u592e\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u540c\u610f\u3002\u8ba1\u59d4\u53cd\u6620\uff0c\u5404\u7701\u5e02\u666e\u904d\u8981\u6c42\u591a\u529e\u5de5\u5382\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u987e\u8651\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u6015\u4e2d\u592e\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\uff0c\u4e8c\u662f\u6015\u5de5\u5382\u5efa\u6210\u540e\u88ab\u4e2d\u592e\u6536\u8d70\u3002 [4] 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\/><span>\u00a0<\/span>\u3000\u30001957\u5e74\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u5f00\u59cb\u8d22\u653f\u653e\u6743\u3002\u4ece1957\u5e74\u52301961\u5e74\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u76f4\u5c5e\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u4ea7\u503c\u5360\u603b\u4ea7\u503c\u6bd4\u91cd\u4ece40%\u4e0b\u964d\u523014%\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u5360\u8d22\u653f\u9884\u7b97\u652f\u51fa\u7684\u6bd4\u91cd\u4ece29%\u4e0a\u5347\u523055%\u3002 [5] \u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u5f00\u652f\u4e0b\u964d14%\uff0c\u7701\u8d22\u653f\u5f00\u652f\u589e\u52a0\u8fd1150%\uff0c\u5360\u6574\u4e2a\u653f\u5e9c\u5f00\u652f\u7684\u4e00\u534a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002 [6] 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[7] 1978\u5e74\u5341\u4e00\u5c4a\u4e09\u4e2d\u5168\u4f1a\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u9762\u4e34\u8d22\u653f\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u8d22\u653f\u6536\u5165\u53ea\u67091121\u4ebf\u5143\uff0c\u53ea\u5360\u5168\u90e8\u6536\u5165\u768415.6%\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u8d22\u653f\u5360\u4e8684.4%\u3002\u6743\u529b\u4e0b\u653e\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f13\u89e3\u4e2d\u592e\u8d22\u653f\u652f\u51fa\u7684\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u6269\u5927\u5730\u65b9\u652f\u51fa\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u652f\u51fa\u4e2d\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3002\u8d22\u653f\u5305\u5e72\u5236\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4e5f\u4e3a\u4e2d\u592e\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u5206\u6743\u57cb\u4e0b\u4f0f\u7b14\uff0c\u6743\u529b\u5f00\u59cb\u6709\u6b65\u9aa4\u4e0b\u653e\u30021980\u5e74\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u5b9e\u884c\u5212\u5206\u6536\u652f\u3001\u5206\u7ea7\u5305\u5e72\u7684\u201c\u5206\u7076\u5403\u996d\u201d\u7684\u8d22\u7a0e\u4f53\u5236\u3002\u6269\u5927\u4f01\u4e1a\u81ea\u4e3b\u6743\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u8d22\u653f\u6536\u5165\u4e2d\u4f01\u4e1a\u6536\u5165\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u9010\u5e74\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u4ece1978\u5e74\u768451%\u4e0b\u964d\u52301979\u5e74\u768445%\u30011980\u5e74\u768440%\u30011981\u5e74\u768432.5%\uff0c\u9020\u62101979\u30011980\u5e74\u7684\u5de8\u989d\u8d64\u5b57\u3002<br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span>\u3000\u30001980\u5e74\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u5b9e\u884c\u5212\u5206\u6536\u652f\u3001\u5206\u7ea7\u5305\u5e72\u7684\u201c\u5206\u7076\u5403\u996d\u201d\u7684\u8d22\u7a0e\u4f53\u5236\u3002\u4ece1980\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u8d22\u653f\u9884\u7b97\u5185\u975e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5efa\u8bbe\u652f\u51fa\u5360GDP\u7684\u6bd4\u91cd\u786e\u5b9e\u4e00\u76f4\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u4ece1979\u5e74\u768412.7%\u4e0b\u964d\u52301992\u5e74\u76847.5%\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u52a0\u4e0a\u9884\u7b97\u5916\u975e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u652f\u51fa\uff0c\u90a3\u4e481982-92\u5e74\u603b\u4f53\u652f\u51fa\u5360GDP\u7684\u6bd4\u91cd\u4e00\u76f4\u7ef4\u6301\u572813%\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u548c1960-79\u5e74\u768412%\u4e0a\u4e0b\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u76f8\u5f53\u3002 [8] 1988\u5e74\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u5927\u5305\u5e72\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u533a\u5b9e\u884c\u4e0d\u540c\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5171\u6709\u516d\u79cd\u4e4b\u591a\u3002 [9] 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\/><span>\u00a0<\/span>\u3000\u3000\u7efc\u89c21949\u5e74\u52301990\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\u6709\u5982\u4e0b\u7279\u70b9\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u8d22\u6743\u5206\u914d\u5927\u8d77\u5927\u843d\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u8303\u3002\u8d22\u653f\u5305\u5e72\u4f53\u5236\u5bfc\u81f4\u5730\u533a\u5206\u914d\u4e0d\u516c\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u5305\u5e72\u5728\u57fa\u6570\u548c\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4e0a\u90fd\u4e0d\u7edf\u4e00\uff0c\u5bb9\u6613\u4ea7\u751f\u5730\u65b9\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u57281980\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u6bcf\u5e74\u4e0a\u7f34\u4e2d\u592e250\u4ebf\u5143\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5927\u7ea6100\u4ebf\u5143\u662f\u4e2d\u592e\u5728\u6caa\u4f01\u4e1a\u6240\u521b\u5229\u7a0e\uff0c\u5269\u4e0b150\u4ebf\u5143\u4e3a\u4e0a\u6d77\u5730\u65b9\u8d22\u653f\u6536\u5165\u30021984\u5e74\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u5730\u65b9\u8d22\u653f\u6536\u5165\u7559\u7528\u672c\u5e02\u7684\u53ea\u536010-20%\u30021984\u5e74\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u5730\u65b9\u8d22\u653f\u6536\u5165\u4e3a160\u4ebf\u5143\uff0c\u7559\u7528\u4e0d\u523028\u4ebf\u5143\uff0c\u7ea6\u536017%\uff1b\u540c\u5e74\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u5e02\u8d22\u653f\u6536\u516545.6\u4ebf\u5143\uff0c\u7559\u752827.2\u4ebf\u5143\uff0c\u7ea6\u536060%\u30021985\u5e74\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u5bf9\u4e0a\u6d77\u5b9e\u884c\u8ba9\u5229\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u8d22\u653f\u6536\u5165\u7559\u6210\u7387\u63d0\u9ad8\u523025%\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u7136\u8fdc\u4e0d\u5982\u5317\u4eac\u548c\u5e7f\u4e1c\u30021989\u5e74\uff0c\u5e7f\u4e1c\u5de5\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u89c4\u6a21\u548c\u4e0a\u6d77\u76f8\u5f53\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ec5\u4e0a\u7f34\u4e2d\u592e\u8d22\u653f15\u4ebf\u5143\uff0c\u4e0d\u5230\u4e0a\u6d77\u7684\u96f6\u5934\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8d22\u7a0e\u4f53\u5236\u4e0d\u4ec5\u663e\u7136\u4e0d\u516c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5fc5\u7136\u626d\u66f2\u4e86\u5168\u56fd\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u914d\u7f6e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span>\u3000\u3000\u6309\u7167\u8d22\u653f\u5baa\u6cd5\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u8d22\u653f\u5206\u6743\u4e0e\u96c6\u6743\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5e94\u6309\u7167\u4e2d\u592e\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u4e8b\u6743\u5212\u5206\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u8005\u5e94\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u516c\u5171\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u8986\u76d6\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u5916\u90e8\u6548\u5e94\u8986\u76d6\u5168\u56fd\u6216\u8de8\u7701\u7684\u516c\u5171\u7269\u54c1\u5e94\u8be5\u7531\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u627f\u62c5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u56fd\u9632\u3001\u5916\u4ea4\u548c\u90e8\u5206\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u536b\u751f\u53ca\u793e\u4f1a\u4fdd\u969c\u804c\u80fd\uff1b\u5916\u90e8\u6548\u5e94\u9650\u4e8e\u7701\u5185\u7684\u516c\u5171\u7269\u54c1\u5e94\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u627f\u62c5\uff0c\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u653f\u5e9c\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u53d7\u76ca\u4eba\u548c\u6210\u672c\u8d1f\u62c5\u4eba\u8303\u56f4\u4e00\u81f4\u3002Tiebout (1956)\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5177\u5907\u8d22\u653f\u81ea\u4e3b\u6743\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u6548\u7387\u3002\u5e03\u4f26\u5357\u548c\u5e03\u574e\u5357\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u96c6\u6743\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u603b\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u8eab\u7a0e\u6536\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5316\u6765\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u538b\u69a8\u516c\u6c11\uff1b\u8d22\u653f\u5206\u6743\u5c06\u6709\u6548\u7ea6\u675f\u653f\u5e9c\u602a\u517d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u53e3\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u8ffd\u6c42\u8d22\u653f\u5229\u76ca\u800c\u8de8\u8f96\u533a\u6d41\u52a8\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bf9\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u8bfe\u7a0e\u6743\u529b\u5f62\u6210\u5f3a\u5927\u7ea6\u675f\u3002\u5206\u6743\u4f7f\u653f\u5e9c\u8fd0\u8f6c\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u9760\u5730\u65b9\u8d22\u653f\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u800c\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u6781\u5927\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u653f\u5e9c\u5c06\u793e\u4f1a\u8d44\u6e90\u914d\u7f6e\u5230\u516c\u5171\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u76ee\u524d\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8fc1\u5f99\u81ea\u7531\u7b49\u5176\u5b83\u524d\u63d0\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u8d22\u653f\u81ea\u6cbb\u7406\u8bba\u5f88\u96be\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd0\u7528\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u800c\u4e2d\u56fd1952-85\u5e74\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u6539\u9769\u5b9e\u8df5\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e5f\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u5e03\u4f26\u5357\u548c\u5e03\u574e\u5357\u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u3002 [11]<span>\u00a0<\/span>\u3000\u3000\u5982\u679c\u5c06\u5baa\u6cd5\u539f\u7406\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b9e\u8df5\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eca\u540e\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u5206\u914d\u7b56\u7565\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u8d22\u653f\u652f\u51fa\u4e0e\u516c\u5171\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u63d0\u4f9b\u76f4\u63a5\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u6536\u5165\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e8e\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u76ee\u524d\u5bf9\u4e0b\u7ea7\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u76d1\u7763\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u3002\u5728\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6709\u6548\u76d1\u7763\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5730\u65b9\u8d22\u653f\u6536\u5165\u81ea\u4e3b\u6743\u8fc7\u5927\uff0c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u5730\u65b9\u8d22\u653f\u6df7\u4e71\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u884c\u4e3a\u5931\u8303\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u7a0e\u6536\u7acb\u6cd5\u6743\u548c\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u4e89\u7a0e\u6e90\uff0c\u52a0\u91cd\u4f01\u4e1a\u548c\u5c45\u6c11\u8d1f\u62c5\u3002\u5728\u73b0\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u91c7\u7528\u6536\u5165\u96c6\u6743\u3001\u652f\u51fa\u5206\u6743\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u5206\u6743\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002 [12]<span>\u00a0<\/span><br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span>\u3000\u3000\u56fe1\uff1a\u5168\u56fd\u8d22\u653f\u6536\u5165\u5360GDP\u6bd4\u91cd\u3001\u4e2d\u592e\u8d22\u653f\u6536\u5165\u5360\u603b\u8d22\u653f\u6536\u5165\u6bd4\u91cd\u4ee5\u53ca\u519c\u4e1a\u652f\u51fa\u5360\u5168\u90e8\u5f00\u652f\u6bd4\u91cd\u30021993\u5e74\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u5728\u915d\u917f\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7a0e\u5236\u6539\u9769\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8be5\u5e74\u662f\u4e2d\u592e\u8fd4\u8fd8\u5730\u65b9\u7a0e\u6536\u3001\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5730\u65b9\u65e2\u5f97\u8d22\u529b\u7684\u57fa\u671f\u5e74\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u589e\u52a0\u8be5\u5e74\u8d22\u653f\u6536\u5165\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u6027\u5f88\u9ad8\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u8be5\u5e74\u5730\u65b9\u8d22\u653f\u6536\u5165\u8d85\u5e38\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u8d22\u653f\u6536\u5165\u6bd4\u91cd\u663e\u8457\u4e0b\u964d\u30021994\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u8d22\u653f\u6536\u5165\u7a33\u5b9a\u5728\u603b\u6536\u5165\u768450%-60%\u4e4b\u95f4\u30022005\u5e74\uff0c\u5168\u56fd\u8d22\u653f\u6536\u5165\u7a81\u78343\u4e07\u4ebf\u5143\uff0c\u8fbe\u523031628\u4ebf\u5143\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u8d22\u653f\u6536\u5165\u5360GDP\u7684\u6bd4\u91cd\u4e3a17%\uff0c2006\u5e74\u4e3a18%\u3002\u8d44\u6599\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u56fe\u8868\u6570\u636e\u5747\u6765\u81ea\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7edf\u8ba1\u5e74\u9274\u300b\uff082005\u5e74\uff09\uff0c<a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/www.stats.gov.cn\/tjsj\/ndsj\" title=\"\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.stats.gov.cn\/tjsj\/ndsj<\/a>\u3002<br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span><br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span>\u3000\u3000<strong>\u4e8c\u3001\u5206\u7a0e\u5236\u7684\u6210\u8d25<\/strong><br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span><br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span>\u3000\u3000\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u601d\u7ef4\u6307\u5bfc\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u5206\u7a0e\u5236\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002\u5206\u7a0e\u5236\u4ece\u7f18\u8d77\u5230\u5b9e\u65bd\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8fd1\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u5386\u7a0b\u3002\u65e9\u57281986\u5e74\uff0c\u5434\u656c\u94fe\u3001\u5468\u5c0f\u5ddd\u3001\u674e\u5251\u9601\u5c31\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u201c\u5173\u4e8e\u5404\u7ea7\u653f\u5e9c\u804c\u80fd\u548c\u5206\u5c42\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u601d\u8003\u201d\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u5212\u5206\u4e2d\u592e\u3001\u5730\u65b9\u548c\u5171\u4eab\u7a0e\u7684\u8bbe\u60f3\u30021987\u5e7410\u6708\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u5341\u4e09\u5927\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u300a\u6cbf\u7740\u6709\u4e2d\u56fd\u7279\u8272\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u9053\u8def\u524d\u8fdb\u300b\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u201c\u5728\u5408\u7406\u5212\u5206\u4e2d\u592e\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u8d22\u653f\u6536\u652f\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\u5b9e\u884c\u5206\u7a0e\u5236\uff0c\u6b63\u786e\u5904\u7406\u4e2d\u592e\u548c\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u3001\u4f01\u4e1a\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u5f53\u65f6\u8ba1\u5212\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4ecd\u7136\u5360\u636e\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u5730\u65b9\u666e\u904d\u62b5\u5236\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5206\u7a0e\u5236\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b9e\u65bd\u3002\u53ea\u662f\u52301992\u5e74\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u5357\u5de1\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u660e\u786e\u5b9e\u884c\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u624d\u5f00\u59cb\u5b9e\u884c\u5206\u7a0e\u5236\u3002 [13] 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[16] \u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u53ef\u4ee5\u968f\u65f6\u6539\u53d8\u8ba9\u5229\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8bc1\u5238\u4ea4\u6613\u5370\u82b1\u7a0e\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5206\u4eab\u6bd4\u4f8b1997\u5e74\u4ee5\u524d\u662f50%\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u9010\u6b65\u964d\u5230\u73b0\u5728\u76843%\uff1b2002\u5e74\uff0c\u539f\u6765\u5f52\u5730\u65b9\u8d22\u653f\u6536\u5165\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u6240\u5f97\u7a0e\u53d8\u6210\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u5bf9\u534a\u5206\uff0c2003\u5e74\u53c8\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u53d8\u4e3a\u4e8c\u516b\u5206\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u53ea\u80fd\u62ff\u523020%\u3002 [17] \u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e0d\u65ad\u8c03\u6574\uff0c\u5206\u7a0e\u5236\u57fa\u672c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u6539\u9769\u7684\u521d\u8877\u3002<br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span>\u3000\u3000\u5206\u7a0e\u5236\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u63d0\u9ad8\u201c\u4e24\u4e2a\u6bd4\u91cd\u201d\u2014\u2014\u5168\u56fd\u8d22\u653f\u6536\u5165\u5360GDP\u7684\u6bd4\u91cd\u548c\u4e2d\u592e\u8d22\u653f\u6536\u5165\u5360\u5168\u56fd\u8d22\u653f\u7684\u6bd4\u91cd\uff0c\u800c\u5206\u7a0e\u5236\u7684\u5b9e\u65bd\u786e\u5b9e\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u4e2d\u592e\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u8d22\u653f\u6536\u5165\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u5feb\u901f\u589e\u957f\u3002\u5206\u7a0e\u5236\u524d\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u6bcf\u5e74\u8d22\u653f\u6536\u5165\u589e\u6536\u989d\u5f98\u5f8a\u5728200-300\u4ebf\u5143\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u5e74\u5747\u589e\u957f\u7387\u7ea610%\uff1b\u5206\u7a0e\u5236\u5b9e\u65bd\u540e\uff0c\u5168\u56fd\u8d22\u653f\u6536\u5165\u5e74\u5747\u589e\u957f20%\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u589e\u52a0\u7ea61000\u4ebf\u5143\u3002\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u8d22\u653f\u4e5f\u5f97\u5230\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u589e\u9ad8\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5206\u7a0e\u5236\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u662f\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u4e2d\u592e\u76f8\u5bf9\u8d22\u529b\uff0c\u5168\u56fd\u9884\u7b97\u603b\u6536\u5165\u5360GDP\u7684\u6bd4\u91cd\u4e0a\u5347\u6709\u9650\u3002\u5982\u56fe1\u663e\u793a\uff0c1994-95\u5e74\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5f98\u5f8a\u572811%\u5de6\u53f3\u5e76\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0b\u964d\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c1996\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u56de\u5347\uff0c\u52301999\u5e74\u4e0a\u5347\u5230\u8fd114%\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u7ef4\u6301\u572820%\u4e0a\u4e0b\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6bd4\u91cd\u5927\u7ea6\u662f50%\u3002 [18] \u4f46\u662f\u5728\u653f\u5e9c\u8d23\u4efb\u5236\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u660e\u786e\u548c\u5f00\u652f\u900f\u660e\u5ea6\u6709\u5f85\u63d0\u9ad8\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7ef4\u6301\u5168\u56fd\u8d22\u653f\u6536\u5165\u5360GDP\u7684\u73b0\u6709\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u660e\u667a\u7684\u3002<br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span>\u3000\u3000\u5206\u7a0e\u5236\u867d\u7136\u57fa\u672c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u9884\u8bbe\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u5374\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u5c11\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5206\u7a0e\u5236\u6ca1\u6709\u89e3\u51b3\u7a0e\u5236\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u65bd\u5206\u7a0e\u5236\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u6e29\u548c\u7684\u6e10\u8fdb\u5f0f\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u8fc7\u6e21\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b0\u65e7\u4f53\u5236\u5e76\u8f68\u3002\u5206\u7a0e\u5236\u4ee51993\u5e74\u4e3a\u57fa\u671f\u5e74\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u5730\u65b9\u65e2\u5f97\u8d22\u529b\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u7ee7\u7eed\u7528\u57fa\u6570\u6cd5\u786e\u5b9a\u5404\u7ea7\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u4f53\u5236\u57fa\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u5ef6\u7eed\u4e86\u201c\u82e6\u4e50\u4e0d\u5747\u201d\u7684\u72b6\u51b5\u3002 [19] \u4e0a\u6d77\u5bf9\u4e2d\u592e\u8d22\u653f\u4e0a\u4ea4\u6700\u591a\uff0c1992\u5e74\u5de5\u5546\u7a0e\u8fbe230\u4ebf\u5143\uff0c1994\u5e74\u7684\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e0a\u4ea4\u989d\u4e3a109\u4ebf\u5143\u3002\u548c1993\u5e74\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u5e7f\u4e1c\u7701\u4e0a\u4ea4\u56fd\u5e93\u7684\u7a0e\u989d\u4e5f\u53ea\u591a\u4e8610\u4ebf\u3002 [20] \u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u7a0e\u5236\u5185\u5916\u6709\u522b\uff0c\u8fdd\u80cc\u4e86\u7a0e\u8d1f\u516c\u5e73\u539f\u5219\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6d89\u5916\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u7a0e\u6536\u653f\u7b56\u6bd4\u56fd\u5185\u4f01\u4e1a\u4f18\u60e0\uff0c\u5047\u201c\u4e09\u8d44\u201d\u4f01\u4e1a\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u81f4\u4f7f\u5730\u65b9\u7a0e\u6536\u6d41\u5931\u4e25\u91cd\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u56fd\u5185\u4e0d\u540c\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u7eb3\u7a0e\u4e5f\u5404\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u5341\u51e0\u79cd\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u3001\u8d44\u6e90\u6216\u652f\u51fa\u7684\u7279\u522b\u7a0e\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5de5\u3001\u519c\u3001\u5546\u7b49\u4e0d\u540c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u90e8\u95e8\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u3001\u96c6\u4f53\u3001\u4e2a\u4f53\u3001\u5408\u8d44\u7b49\u4e0d\u540c\u6240\u6709\u5236\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e5f\u5b9e\u884c\u4e0d\u540c\u7a0e\u5236\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4ece\u4e8b\u5236\u9020\u4e1a\u7684\u56fd\u8425\u4f01\u4e1a\u6240\u4ea4\u7eb3\u7684\u6240\u5f97\u7a0e\u548c\u5468\u8f6c\u7a0e\u5c31\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u4ece\u4e8b\u6279\u53d1\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u4f01\u4e1a\u4ea4\u7eb3\u7684\u7a0e\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5dee\u522b\u6027\u7a0e\u5236\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8fdd\u80cc\u4e86\u516c\u5e73\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u7ed9\u7a0e\u6536\u7ba1\u7406\u5e26\u6765\u79cd\u79cd\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u7a0e\u52a1\u90e8\u95e8\u5bf9\u7eb3\u7a0e\u8fdb\u884c\u521d\u6b65\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u8bef\u5dee\u548c\u5f81\u6536\u6210\u672c\u3002 [21]<span>\u00a0<\/span>\u3000\u3000\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u6309\u7a0e\u79cd\u5212\u5206\u6536\u5165\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u4ea7\u4e1a\u7ed3\u6784\u8c03\u6574\u548c\u4f18\u5316\u3002\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u4e3a\u83b7\u5f97\u7a0e\u6536\u8fd4\u8fd8\u5e76\u53c2\u4e0e\u589e\u91cf\u5206\u6210\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u4e0a\u5229\u5927\u7a0e\u9ad8\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u6216\u6295\u8d44\u9ad8\u7a0e\u6536\u7684\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u5404\u79cd\u201c\u77ed\u5e73\u5feb\u201d\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u9ad8\u9644\u52a0\u503c\u4ea7\u4e1a\u6295\u8d44\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0d\u5e73\u8861\u3001\u5730\u65b9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5404\u6709\u7279\u8272\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u7acb\u6cd5\u5f00\u5f81\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u7a0e\u79cd\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\u672a\u5fc5\u6709\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u7a0e\u6e90\uff0c\u6216\u7a0e\u6e90\u592a\u5c0f\u800c\u96be\u4ee5\u5f81\u6536\uff0c\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u5730\u65b9\u56e0\u5730\u5236\u5b9c\u8c03\u6574\u914d\u7f6e\u533a\u57df\u6027\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span>\u3000\u3000\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5206\u7a0e\u540e\u4e2d\u592e\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u7a0e\u6536\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5728\u6574\u4f53\u4e0a\u57fa\u672c\u5230\u4f4d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5404\u5730\u8d22\u653f\u6536\u5165\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u4e0d\u5747\u8861\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u56fe2\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5404\u5730\u4eba\u5747GDP\u76f8\u5dee\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u800c\u5730\u65b9\u7a0e\u8d39\u5360\u5730\u65b9GDP\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5927\u81f4\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5404\u5730\u4eba\u5747\u7a0e\u8d39\u7684\u6570\u989d\u5fc5\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u76f8\u5f53\u5927\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\u8d35\u5dde\u3001\u4e91\u5357\u3001\u5e7f\u897f\u3001\u7518\u8083\u3001\u6c5f\u897f\u3001\u5b89\u5fbd\u7b49\u7ecf\u6d4e\u76f8\u5bf9\u843d\u540e\u7684\u7701\u4efd\u8d22\u653f\u6536\u5165\u8fdc\u4f4e\u4e8e\u4e0a\u6d77\u3001\u5317\u4eac\u3001\u5929\u6d25\u3001\u6d59\u6c5f\u3001\u6c5f\u82cf\u3001\u5e7f\u4e1c\u7b49\u76f8\u5bf9\u53d1\u8fbe\u5730\u533a\u3002 [22] \u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u5404\u7ea7\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u7a0e\u6536\u5206\u914d\u4e0d\u5c3d\u5408\u7406\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\u592e\u8f6c\u79fb\u652f\u4ed8\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u4e0b\u8fbe\u57fa\u5c42\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u9020\u6210\u4e61\u9547\u8d22\u653f\u5371\u673a\u3002 [23] \u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u8d22\u6743\u5c42\u5c42\u4e0a\u6536\u7684\u5927\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u6536\u5165\u672c\u6765\u76f8\u5f53\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5c42\u5c42\u622a\u6d41\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u57fa\u5c42\u653f\u5e9c\u6536\u5165\u6240\u5269\u65e0\u51e0\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u6240\u5f97\u7a0e\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u672c\u6765\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u523025%\u56fd\u7a0e\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6dee\u5317\u5e02\u53c8\u62ff\u8d7015%\uff0c\u53ea\u5269\u4e0b10%\u5f52\u4e61\u9547\u6240\u6709\u3002 [24] 2002\u5e74\uff0c\u6cb3\u5357\u7701\u8fdb\u884c\u519c\u6751\u7a0e\u8d39\u6539\u9769\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5f25\u8865\u4e61\u9547\u8d22\u653f\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u7f3a\u53e3\uff0c\u4e0a\u7ea7\u7ed9\u5173\u53e3\u9547\u7684\u9547\u6751\u4e24\u7ea735\u4e07\u5143\u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\u652f\u4ed8\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u53d1\u5230\u9547\u91cc\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u90a3\u4e48\u591a\u30022003\u5e74\uff0c\u9547\u5e72\u90e8\u4e86\u89e3\u5230\u4e2d\u592e\u53c8\u7ed9\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\u652f\u4ed8\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53bf\u8d22\u653f\u5c06\u53bf\u4e0e\u4e61\u9547\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u5206\u6210\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4ece8:2\u53d8\u62106:4\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u5ba3\u5e03\u8be5\u5e74\u6ca1\u6709\u8f6c\u79fb\u652f\u4ed8\u3002<br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span><br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span>\u3000\u3000\u56fe2\uff1a2003\u5e74\u5168\u56fd\u5404\u5730GDP\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u7a0e\u8d39\u5360\u5730\u65b9GDP\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3002\u8d44\u6599\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7edf\u8ba1\u5e74\u9274\u300b\uff082005\u5e74\uff09\uff0c<a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/www.stats.gov.cn\/tjsj\/ndsj\" title=\"\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.stats.gov.cn\/tjsj\/ndsj<\/a>\u3002<br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span><br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span>\u3000\u3000<strong>\u4e09\u3001\u5730\u65b9\u8d22\u653f\u77ed\u7f3a\u53ca\u5176\u540e\u679c<\/strong><br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span><br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span>\u3000\u3000\u5730\u65b9\u8d22\u653f\u7684\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u5206\u914d\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e61\u9547\u516c\u5171\u8d22\u653f\u8d44\u6e90\u77ed\u7f3a\uff0c\u4e14\u9884\u7b97\u5916\u7684\u4e71\u6536\u8d39\u73b0\u8c61\u4e25\u91cd\u3002 [25] 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[26] 2000\u5e74\u7a0e\u8d39\u6539\u9769\u540e\uff0c\u5b89\u5fbd\u7701\u6dee\u5317\u5e02\u6eaa\u53bf\u4e94\u6c9f\u9547\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u6536\u5165\u4e00\u4e0b\u5b50\u4ece550\u4e07\u5143\u9510\u51cf\u4e3a330\u4e07\u5143\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5168\u5e74\u5de5\u8d44\u5c31\u9700\u8981500\u4e07\u5143\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u62db\u5f85\u3001\u529e\u516c\u7b49\u516c\u52a1\u652f\u51fa\uff0c\u4e00\u5e74\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u7f3a\u53e3\u9ad8\u8fbe220\u4e07\u5143\u3002 [27]<span>\u00a0<\/span>\u3000\u3000\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u57fa\u5c42\u653f\u5e9c\u53c8\u627f\u62c5\u7740\u5b8c\u6210\u5f81\u7a0e\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u538b\u529b\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u5206\u7a0e\u5236\u5df2\u7ecf\u8715\u5316\u4e3a\u201c\u5305\u7a0e\u5236\u201d\u3002\u6bcf\u5e74\u5404\u7ea7\u8d22\u653f\u6536\u5165\u90fd\u6709\u786c\u6027\u4efb\u52a1\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u4e0a\u7ea7\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u5e74\u521d\u6839\u636e\u652f\u51fa\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u9010\u7ea7\u4e0b\u8fbe\u8d22\u653f\u6536\u5165\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u5c42\u5c42\u5206\u89e3\uff0c\u9650\u671f\u4e0a\u89e3\u3002\u53bf\u4e61\u4e00\u7ea7\u8d22\u653f\u5305\u5e72\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u53bf\u653f\u5e9c\u5e74\u521d\u4e0b\u8fbe\u7a0e\u6536\u589e\u957f\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u5e74\u7ec8\u8d85\u8fc7\u6307\u6807\u8005\u5168\u989d\u8fd4\u8fd8\uff0c\u8fbe\u4e0d\u5230\u6307\u6807\u7684\u4e61\u9547\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u5de5\u8d44\u548c\u8fd0\u8f6c\u7ecf\u8d39\u8981\u5012\u6263\uff0c\u8fd8\u5c06\u5728\u5e74\u7ec8\u8003\u6838\u4e2d\u88ab\u201c\u4e00\u7968\u5426\u51b3\u201d\u3002\u5728\u96be\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6210\u7a0e\u6536\u4e0a\u89e3\u4efb\u52a1\u65f6\uff0c\u5404\u4e61\u9547\u9996\u5148\u5f97\u5b8c\u6210\u4e0a\u7ea7\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u7a0e\u6536\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4e0d\u8db3\u90e8\u5206\u7531\u5404\u4e61\u9547\u81ea\u884c\u89e3\u51b3\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\u53ea\u597d\u4e3e\u503a\u5148\u5b8c\u6210\u4e0a\u89e3\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u503a\u52a1\u8d1f\u62c5\u53c8\u8f6c\u5ac1\u7ed9\u519c\u6c11\uff1b\u8fd9\u4e5f\u8feb\u4f7f\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e61\u9547\u8d22\u653f\u4e3a\u4e86\u9996\u5148\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e0a\u89e3\u4efb\u52a1\u5b8c\u6210\u800c\u4f7f\u672c\u7ea7\u8d22\u653f\u96be\u4ee5\u81ea\u6c42\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u53ea\u597d\u62d6\u6b20\u804c\u5de5\u7684\u5de5\u8d44\uff0c\u65e5\u79ef\u6708\u7d2f\u4fbf\u9020\u6210\u57fa\u5c42\u8d22\u653f\u8d64\u5b57\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5927\u3002<br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span>\u3000\u3000\u9ad8\u6307\u6807\u903c\u8feb\u4e61\u9547\u5e72\u90e8\u91c7\u53d6\u8fdd\u6cd5\u624b\u6bb5\u5b8c\u6210\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u5927\u7ea6\u4ece1996\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4e70\u7a0e\u6d3b\u52a8\u6084\u7136\u62ac\u5934\u3002\u968f\u7740\u4e61\u9547\u8d22\u653f\u7684\u7f3a\u53e3\u52a0\u5927\uff0c\u4e70\u7a0e\u5f00\u59cb\u6d41\u884c\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u4e61\u9547\u5f00\u59cb\u6709\u4e86\u76f8\u5bf9\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u4e70\u7a0e\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5185\u8499\u53e4\u81ea\u6cbb\u533a\u897f\u90e8\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e61\u9547\u4e3a\u65b9\u4fbf\u4e70\u7a0e\uff0c\u66fe\u4e13\u95e8\u5728\u9644\u8fd1\u57ce\u5e02\u6210\u7acb\u529e\u4e8b\u5904\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u4e61\u5e72\u90e8\u751a\u81f3\u5e38\u5e74\u9a7b\u5916\u201c\u8dd1\u7a0e\u201d\u3002\u6e56\u5357\u7701\u5317\u90e8\u5730\u533a\u4e00\u4e2a\u519c\u4e1a\u4e61\uff0c\u4eca\u5e74\u521d\u7ed9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e61\u5e72\u90e8\u4e0b\u8fbe\u7684\u4e70\u7a0e\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u5e72\u90e85000\u5143\u52301\u4e07\u5143\uff0c\u4e66\u8bb0\u3001\u4e61\u957f\u8981\u5b8c\u621010\u4e07\u5143\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e61\u4e70\u7a0e\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5916\u5730\u5efa\u7b51\u8001\u677f\uff0c\u6700\u8fdc\u7684\u8981\u8dd1\u5230\u6d59\u6c5f\u53bb\u4e70\u3002\u201c\u4e70\u7a0e\u201d\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5efa\u7b51\u3001\u8fd0\u8f93\u7b49\u884c\u4e1a\u4f01\u4e1a\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u7a0e\u7968\u662f\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\uff0c\u4ea4\u7ed9\u54ea\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\uff0c\u5ba2\u5546\u4e5f\u4e50\u610f\u5c11\u4ea4\u7a0e\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e61\u9547\u5df2\u662f\u516c\u5f00\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\u3002\u7518\u8083\u7701\u6cb3\u897f\u8d70\u5eca\u67d0\u4e61\u4ec5\u67097000\u591a\u4eba\u53e3\uff0c2005\u5e74\u4e0a\u7ea7\u653f\u5e9c\u7ed9\u4e61\u91cc\u4e0b\u8fbe\u7a0e\u6536\u4efb\u52a1118\u4e07\u5143\u3002\u519c\u4e1a\u7a0e\u53d6\u6d88\u540e\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u4e61\u91cc\u552f\u4e00\u7a0e\u6e90\u5c31\u662f\u5de5\u5546\u7a0e\u6536\uff0c\u4e00\u5e74\u4e0d\u523050\u4e07\u5143\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b8c\u6210\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u6709120\u591a\u4e07\u5143\u7a0e\u6536\u662f\u4ece\u5170\u5dde\u3001\u767d\u94f6\u7b49\u5730\u4e70\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u5e74\u7ec8\u5c45\u7136\u8d85\u989d\u5b8c\u6210210\u591a\u4e07\u5143\u3002\u4e70\u7a0e\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u63a5\u5f85\u3001\u56de\u6263\u7b49\u8d39\u7528\uff0c\u5747\u662f\u6697\u7bb1\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e61\u9547\u5e72\u90e8\u501f\u6b64\u865a\u5217\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u635e\u53d6\u597d\u5904\uff0c\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u6ecb\u751f\u8150\u8d25\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8bf1\u53d1\u72af\u7f6a\u3002 [28]<span>\u00a0<\/span><br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span>\u3000\u3000\u88681\uff1a\u4e2d\u592e\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u7a0e\u6536\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u7edf\u8ba1\u5728\u5185\u7684\u6536\u8d39\u5305\u62ec\u6392\u6c61\u8d39\u548c\u57ce\u5e02\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u8d39\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u8d39\u9644\u52a0\uff08\u5730\u65b9298\u4ebf\u5143\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u201c\u5176\u4ed6\u6536\u5165\u201d\uff08\u4e2d\u592e371\u4ebf\u5143\u3001\u5730\u65b91668\u4ebf\u5143\uff09\u3002\u201c\u6bd4\u4f8b\u201d\u662f\u6307\u4e2d\u592e\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u6536\u5165\u4e4b\u548c\u5360\u603b\u6536\u5165\u4e4b\u548c\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff08%\uff09\u3002\u8d44\u6599\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7edf\u8ba1\u5e74\u9274\u300b\u88688-14\uff1a\u5404\u5730\u533a\u8d22\u653f\u6536\u5165\uff082004\u5e74\uff09\u3002<br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span>\u3000\u3000<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u4e2d\u592e\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u8d22\u653f\u5206\u6743\u2014\u2014\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3001\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u51fa\u8def\" src=\"http:\/\/blog.caijing.com.cn\/attachment\/Mon_1109\/151521_8ee8b63c4570e3d.jpg\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span>\u00a0<\/span>\u3000\u3000\u56fe3\uff1a2004\u5e74\u5404\u5730\u7a0e\u8d1f\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u8d44\u6599\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u540c\u4e0a\u3002<br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span><br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span>\u3000\u3000\u867d\u7136\u519c\u4e1a\u7a0e\u7684\u53d6\u6d88\u51cf\u8f7b\u4e86\u519c\u6c11\u8d1f\u62c5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5730\u65b9\u8d22\u653f\u7d27\u7f3a\u7684\u73b0\u72b6\u6ce8\u5b9a\u4e86\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u5404\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u655b\u8d22\uff0c\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u5404\u7c7b\u6b63\u5f53\u6216\u4e0d\u6b63\u5f53\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5f00\u652f\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u663e\u8457\u540e\u679c\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u571f\u5730\u8d22\u653f\u201d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u901a\u8fc7\u6ee5\u5f81\u6ee5\u62c6\u3001\u538b\u4f4e\u8865\u507f\u83b7\u5f97\u8d22\u653f\u6536\u5165\u4e43\u81f3\u4e2a\u4eba\u7070\u8272\u6536\u5165\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u793e\u4f1a\u60b2\u5267\u3001\u7fa4\u4f53\u6027\u51b2\u7a81\u4ee5\u53ca\u73af\u5883\u6c61\u67d3\u3001\u8d44\u6e90\u6d6a\u8d39\u7b49\u975e\u7406\u6027\u53d1\u5c55\u73b0\u8c61\u30022009\u5e74\u5e95\u7684\u5510\u798f\u73cd\u81ea\u711a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u89e6\u52a8\u4e2d\u592e\u6539\u9769\u57ce\u5e02\u62c6\u8fc1\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6539\u9769\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u957f\u671f\u6401\u7f6e\u548c\u5728\u5730\u65b9\u538b\u529b\u4e0b\u7684\u8282\u8282\u8ba9\u6b65\u90fd\u6298\u5c04\u51fa\u201c\u571f\u5730\u8d22\u653f\u201d\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u538b\u529b\u3002\u636e\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u571f\u5730\u6536\u5165\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u5730\u65b9\u8d22\u653f\u7684\u4e00\u534a\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u5730\u65b9\u8d22\u653f\u6536\u5165\u7684\u652f\u67f1\u3002 [29] \u53ef\u4ee5\u9884\u89c1\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5730\u65b9\u8d22\u653f\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0d\u53d8\u3001\u201c\u571f\u5730\u8d22\u653f\u201d\u538b\u529b\u4f9d\u5728\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u89e3\u51b3\u5404\u5730\u7684\u6ee5\u5f81\u6ee5\u62c6\u53ca\u5176\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u60b2\u5267\uff0c\u800c\u201c\u571f\u5730\u8d22\u653f\u7684\u201d\u6839\u6e90\u6b63\u5728\u4e8e\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u8d22\u7a0e\u5206\u914d\u5236\u5ea6\u3002<br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span><br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span>\u3000\u3000<strong>\u56db\u3001\u8d70\u5411\u4e2d\u592e\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u8d22\u7a0e\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6cd5\u6cbb\u5316<\/strong><br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span><br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span>\u3000\u3000\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u4e0a\u8ff0\u79cd\u79cd\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u8bf8\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u5b9e\u73b0\u8d22\u7a0e\u9886\u57df\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\u6cd5\u6cbb\u5316\u3002 [30] 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\/><span>\u00a0<\/span>\u3000\u3000\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u589e\u52a0\u8d44\u6e90\u7a0e\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5730\u65b9\u7a0e\uff0c\u4ee5\u589e\u52a0\u8d44\u6e90\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u504f\u8fdc\u5730\u533a\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u6536\u5165\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u884c\u8054\u90a6\u5236\u6216\u571f\u5730\u79c1\u6709\u5236\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u516c\u5171\u8d44\u6e90\u4e00\u822c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5f53\u5730\u653f\u5e9c\u4eab\u6709\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5176\u6295\u8d44\u6d3b\u52a8\u6240\u4ea7\u51fa\u7684\u6536\u76ca\u4e5f\u5f52\u5730\u65b9\u6240\u6709\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u4e2d\u592e\u96c6\u6743\u5355\u4e00\u5236\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u68ee\u6797\u3001\u6cb3\u6d41\u3001\u77ff\u85cf\u7b49\u81ea\u7136\u8d44\u6e90\u90fd\u662f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u6240\u6709\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5730\u65b9\u53ea\u6709\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u7406\u7684\u7a0e\u6536\u5206\u914d\u5206\u4eab\u5f53\u5730\u8d44\u6e90\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u8d44\u6e90\u7a0e\u7684\u5f81\u6536\u8303\u56f4\u4ec5\u5305\u62ec\u77ff\u4ea7\u54c1\u548c\u76d0\u7c7b\uff0c\u8d44\u6e90\u7a0e\u5360\u6574\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7a0e\u6536\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u662f\u5fae\u4e0d\u8db3\u9053\u7684\uff08\u89c1\u88681\u548c\u56fe3\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5c06\u68ee\u6797\u3001\u6c34\u3001\u65c5\u6e38\u3001\u7267\u573a\u7b49\u8d44\u6e90\u7eb3\u5165\u5f81\u6536\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u52a8\u5730\u65b9\u4fdd\u62a4\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u6027\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5408\u7406\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u6709\u6548\u5229\u7528\u3002\u9274\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u76f8\u5bf9\u8d2b\u56f0\u7684\u4e2d\u897f\u90e8\u548c\u4e1c\u5317\u90e8\u90fd\u662f\u8d44\u6e90\u5927\u7701\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5408\u7406\u7684\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u5f00\u5f81\u8d44\u6e90\u7a0e\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u5f25\u8865\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5730\u533a\u5730\u65b9\u6536\u5165\u4e0d\u8db3\u7684\u6709\u6548\u4e3e\u63aa\u3002<br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span>\u3000\u3000\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u7a0e\u6536\u5f81\u7ba1\u4f53\u5236\u5fc5\u987b\u5c3d\u5feb\u7acb\u6cd5\u5316\u548c\u53f8\u6cd5\u5316\u3002\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u7a0e\u662f\u4eba\u6c11\u63a7\u5236\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4efb\u4f55\u7a0e\u6536\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8bae\u4f1a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u6279\u51c6\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7a0e\u5236\u76ee\u524d\u653f\u51fa\u591a\u95e8\uff0c\u800c\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7a0e\u6536\u90fd\u4e0d\u5177\u5907\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u56fd\u5bb6\u7a0e\u52a1\u5c40\u76ee\u524d\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u7a0e\u79cd\u5927\u7ea628\u4e2a\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u53ea\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u7a0e\u6b63\u5f0f\u83b7\u5f97\u5168\u56fd\u4eba\u5927\u901a\u8fc7\uff0c\u800c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e3b\u8981\u6d89\u53ca\u5bf9\u6cd5\u5f8b\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u7eb3\u7a0e\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u7a0e\u6536\u90fd\u53ea\u6709\u6761\u4f8b\u6216\u6682\u884c\u6761\u4f8b\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u7a0e\u6536\u4e89\u8bae\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6b63\u89c4\u7684\u8bc9\u8bbc\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u6743\u529b\u8fc7\u591a\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u5c11\u6570\u5b98\u5458\u624b\u4e2d\uff0c\u663e\u7136\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u7a0e\u6536\u5f81\u7ba1\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u7eb3\u7a0e\u4eba\u7684\u6743\u5229\u4fdd\u969c\u3002 [32]<span>\u00a0<\/span>\u3000\u3000\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u7a0e\u6536\u7acb\u6cd5\u6743\u5fc5\u987b\u83b7\u5f97\u5408\u7406\u5206\u914d\u3002\u5728\u4e2d\u592e\u7edf\u4e00\u5236\u5b9a\u57fa\u672c\u6cd5\u89c4\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u8425\u4e1a\u7a0e\u548c\u4f01\u4e1a\u6240\u5f97\u7a0e\u7b49\u5730\u65b9\u7a0e\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u653f\u7b56\u8c03\u6574\u6743\u53ef\u4e0b\u653e\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\u6240\u5f97\u7a0e\u3001\u623f\u4ea7\u7a0e\u3001\u57ce\u9547\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u7a0e\u7b49\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b8f\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5f71\u54cd\u8f83\u5c0f\u800c\u5bf9\u5730\u65b9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5f71\u54cd\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u7a0e\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u5e94\u53ea\u8d1f\u8d23\u89c4\u5b9a\u7a0e\u79cd\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u5e94\u6709\u6743\u89c4\u5b9a\u5176\u5b9e\u65bd\u529e\u6cd5\u3001\u7a0e\u76ee\u3001\u7a0e\u7387\u3001\u7a0e\u6536\u51cf\u514d\u548c\u8d77\u5f81\u70b9\u7b49\u4e8b\u9879\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7a0e\u6e90\u96f6\u661f\u5206\u6563\u3001\u5f81\u6536\u6210\u672c\u9ad8\u3001\u5730\u65b9\u5dee\u5f02\u5927\u7684\u5951\u7a0e\u3001\u8f66\u8239\u4f7f\u7528\u7a0e\u3001\u8015\u5730\u5360\u7528\u7a0e\u548c\u5370\u82b1\u7a0e\u7b49\u7a0e\u79cd\uff0c\u7acb\u6cd5\u6743\u3001\u89e3\u91ca\u6743\u548c\u5f81\u6536\u7ba1\u7406\u6743\u5219\u5e94\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0b\u653e\u5730\u65b9\u3002<br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span>\u3000\u3000\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u5730\u65b9\u83b7\u5f97\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u7a0e\u6536\u7acb\u6cd5\u6743\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u7a0e\u6536\u5206\u754c\u5e94\u66f4\u52a0\u660e\u6670\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u5f81\u7ba1\u626f\u76ae\u3001\u6536\u5165\u6df7\u5e93\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u5206\u7a0e\u5236\u4ecd\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u6bd4\u8f83\u591a\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u4f53\u5236\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5171\u4eab\u7a0e\u5728\u5168\u90e8\u6536\u5165\u4e2d\u9ad8\u8fbe60%\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u79bb\u5f7b\u5e95\u7684\u5206\u7a0e\u5236\u8fd8\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u5dee\u8ddd\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8425\u4e1a\u7a0e\u4e2d\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\u4e1a\u548c\u4ea4\u901a\u8fd0\u8f93\u4e1a\u7b49\u7a0e\u76ee\u5c06\u8fdf\u65e9\u6539\u4e3a\u589e\u503c\u7a0e\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8c03\u6574\u8425\u4e1a\u7a0e\u7684\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u4ee5\u884c\u4e1a\u4e0e\u8d22\u653f\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u5f52\u5c5e\u754c\u5b9a\u6536\u5165\u5f52\u5c5e\u3002\u5bf9\u94c1\u9053\u90e8\u95e8\u3001\u94f6\u884c\u603b\u884c\u548c\u4fdd\u9669\u603b\u516c\u53f8\u96c6\u4e2d\u7f34\u7eb3\u7684\u8425\u4e1a\u7a0e\u5e94\u5212\u5f52\u5730\u65b9\u56fa\u5b9a\u6536\u5165\uff0c\u53d6\u6d88\u5bf9\u4ece\u4e8b\u91d1\u878d\u3001\u4fdd\u9669\u3001\u8bc1\u5238\u3001\u7535\u4fe1\u7b49\u5916\u8d44\u670d\u52a1\u4f01\u4e1a\u4eab\u6709\u7684\u8425\u4e1a\u7a0e\u51cf\u514d\u4f18\u60e0\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u5730\u533a\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u8c03\u6574\u8d22\u4ea7\u7a0e\u7684\u79cd\u7c7b\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u6269\u5927\u8d44\u6e90\u7a0e\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u3002 [33]<span>\u00a0<\/span>\u3000\u3000\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5206\u7a0e\u5236\u4e0b\u5404\u7ea7\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u652f\u51fa\u548c\u6536\u5165\u8d23\u4efb\u672a\u5fc5\u5bf9\u7b49\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u8c03\u52a8\u5730\u65b9\u53d1\u5c55\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u5f81\u96c6\u6536\u5165\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u5206\u7a0e\u5236\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u65b9\u5411\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u7ecf\u8fc7\u9002\u5f53\u8c03\u6574\u4e4b\u540e\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u6709\u6f5c\u529b\u53d1\u5c55\u6210\u4e3a\u7b26\u5408\u4e2d\u56fd\u9700\u8981\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u8054\u90a6\u5236\u5ea6\u3002<br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span><br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span>\u3000\u3000<br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span>\u3000\u3000________________________________________<br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span>\u3000\u3000* \u653f\u5e9c\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u5baa\u6cd5\u4e0e\u884c\u653f\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6559\u6388\u3002<br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span>\u3000\u3000[1] \u4f8b\u5982\u5965\u8328\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u548c\u5904\u4e8e\u8c31\u7cfb\u53e6\u4e00\u7aef\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u5355\u4e00\u5236\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u5b9e\u73b0\u793e\u4f1a\u518d\u5206\u914d\u76ee\u6807\u65b9\u9762\u53ef\u80fd\u8981\u6709\u6548\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u201d\u89c1Wallace E. Oates, Fiscal Federalism, New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich (1972), p. 8.<br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span>\u3000\u3000[2] \u80e1\u4e66\u4e1c\uff1a\u300a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\u2014\u2014\u4e2d\u56fd\u8d22\u653f\u5236\u5ea6\u53d8\u8fc1\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u4e09\u8054\u4e66\u5e972001\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c3\u9875\u3002<br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span>\u3000\u3000[3] \u8f9b\u5411\u9633\uff1a\u300a\u767e\u5e74\u535a\u5f08\u2014\u2014\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e2d\u592e\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb100\u5e74\u300b\uff0c\u5c71\u4e1c\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e2000\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c141-153\u9875\u3002<br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span>\u3000\u3000[4] \u540c\u4e0a\uff0c\u7b2c171-177\u9875\u3002<br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span>\u3000\u3000[5] \u80e1\u4e66\u4e1c\uff1a\u300a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\u2014\u2014\u4e2d\u56fd\u8d22\u653f\u5236\u5ea6\u53d8\u8fc1\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u4e09\u8054\u4e66\u5e972001\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c66\uff0d69\u9875\u3002<br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span>\u3000\u3000[6] \u540c\u4e0a\uff0c\u7b2c199\uff0d209\u9875\u3002<br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span>\u3000\u3000[7] \u8f9b\u5411\u9633\uff1a\u300a\u767e\u5e74\u535a\u5f08\u2014\u2014\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e2d\u592e\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb100\u5e74\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c235-236\u9875\u3002<br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span>\u3000\u3000[8] 1985\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4e2d\u592e\u9884\u7b97\u5185\u652f\u51fa\u5360\u8d22\u653f\u9884\u7b97\u603b\u652f\u51fa\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u660e\u663e\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9884\u7b97\u5916\u652f\u51fa\u5374\u7f13\u6162\u4e0a\u5347\u3002\u76f4\u52301993\u5e74\uff0c\u9884\u7b97\u5916\u6536\u652f\u9879\u76ee\u8c03\u6574\uff0c\u6263\u9664\u4e86\u5360\u9884\u7b97\u5916\u8d44\u91d170%\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u56fd\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a\u53ca\u5176\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u9884\u7b97\u5916\u8d44\u91d1\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u9884\u7b97\u5916\u8d44\u91d1\u6536\u652f\u624d\u53d7\u5230\u6781\u5927\u524a\u5f31\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u5728\u9884\u7b97\u5916\u8d44\u91d1\u652f\u51fa\u7684\u6bd4\u91cd\u4e5f\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u4e0b\u8dcc\u3002\u4f46\u4ece\u603b\u4f53\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c1985-92\u5e74\u95f4\u4e2d\u592e\u9884\u7b97\u5185\u5916\u6536\u5165\u5360\u5168\u56fd\u9884\u7b97\u603b\u6536\u5165\u7684\u6bd4\u91cd\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u663e\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c1992\u5e74\u7684\u6536\u5165\u4ec5\u6bd41984\u5e74\u5386\u53f2\u6700\u9ad8\u70b9\u768440%\u4e0b\u964d3.5\u4e2a\u767e\u5206\u70b9\uff0c\u652f\u51fa\u4ec5\u4e0b\u964d2.8\u4e2a\u767e\u5206\u70b9\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\u80e1\u4e66\u4e1c\uff1a\u300a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c131-134\u9875\u3002<br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span>\u3000\u3000[9] \u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u5e7f\u4e1c\u3001\u798f\u5efa\u5b9e\u884c\u5b9a\u989d\u627f\u5305\u6cd5\uff0cS(x) = x \u2013 c\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dc\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e0a\u7f34\u4e2d\u592e\u7684\u6570\u989d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5305\u5e72\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u5f0a\u7aef\u662f\u4e2d\u592e\u6536\u5165\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5e76\u4e0d\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5374\u9762\u4e34\u652f\u51fa\u4e0a\u5347\u7684\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u8d22\u653f\u8d64\u5b57\u3002\u5728\u6c5f\u82cf\u5b9e\u884c\u7684\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u6bd4\u4f8b\u627f\u5305\u6cd5\uff0cS(x) = a x\uff0c\u5176\u4e2da\u662f\u5730\u65b9\u8d22\u653f\u5206\u6210\u7684\u56fa\u5b9a\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e2d\u592e\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u76d1\u7763\u4e0e\u5ba1\u8ba1\u529b\u91cf\u786e\u5b9ax\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u591a\u5c11\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\u5e73\u65b0\u4e54\uff1a\u300a\u8d22\u653f\u539f\u7406\u4e0e\u6bd4\u8f83\u8d22\u653f\u5236\u5ea6\u300b\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u4e09\u8054\u4e66\u5e971995\u5e74\u7248\u3002<br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span>\u3000\u3000[10] \u8f9b\u5411\u9633\uff1a\u300a\u767e\u5e74\u535a\u5f08\u2014\u2014\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e2d\u592e\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb100\u5e74\u300b\uff0c\u5c71\u4e1c\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e2000\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c303-305\u9875\u3002<br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span>\u3000\u3000[11] \u80e1\u4e66\u4e1c\uff1a\u300a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c103\u9875\u3002<br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span>\u3000\u3000[12] \u540c\u4e0a\uff0c\u7b2c168-173\u9875\u3002<br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span>\u3000\u3000[13] \u51cc\u5fd7\u519b\uff1a\u300a\u6c89\u6d6e\u2014\u2014\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6539\u9769\u5907\u5fd8\u5b9e\u5f55\uff081989-1997\uff09\u300b\uff0c\u4e1c\u65b9\u51fa\u7248\u793e1998\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c542-543\u9875\u3002<br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span>\u3000\u3000[14] \u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u7167\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u53f0\u6e7e\u5730\u533a\u7684\u5206\u7a0e\u5236\u4e5f\u76f8\u5f53\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6709\u5404\u7ea7\u653f\u5e9c\u72ec\u7acb\u89c4\u5b9a\u5e76\u5f81\u6536\u7684\u201c\u72ec\u7acb\u7a0e\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6709\u6309\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5206\u4eab\u7684\u201c\u5171\u5206\u7a0e\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0a\u7ea7\u6309\u6bd4\u4f8b\u914d\u5957\u7684\u201c\u7edf\u7b79\u7a0e\u201d\u3002\u201c\u56fd\u7a0e\u201d\u4e2d\u7684\u5173\u7a0e\u3001\u6240\u5f97\u7a0e\u3001\u8d27\u7269\u7a0e\u548c\u8bc1\u5238\u4ea4\u6613\u7a0e\u4e3a\u72ec\u7acb\u7a0e\uff0c\u9057\u4ea7\u53ca\u8d60\u4e0e\u7a0e\u4e3a\u5171\u5206\u7a0e\uff1b\u76f4\u8f96\u5e02\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u724c\u7167\u7a0e\u4e3a\u72ec\u7acb\u7a0e\uff0c\u201c\u7701\u7a0e\u201d\u4e2d\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u724c\u7167\u7a0e\u4e3a\u5171\u5206\u7a0e\uff0c\u8425\u4e1a\u7a0e\u3001\u5370\u82b1\u7a0e\u4e3a\u7edf\u7b79\u7a0e\uff1b\u76f4\u8f96\u5e02\u6216\u7701\u8f96\u5e02\u7684\u5730\u4ef7\u7a0e\u3001\u623f\u5c4b\u7a0e\u548c\u5951\u7a0e\u7b49\u201c\u53bf\u5e02\u7a0e\u201d\u4e3a\u72ec\u7acb\u7a0e\uff0c\u5176\u5b83\u53bf\u5e02\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7a0e\u79cd\u5219\u4e3a\u7edf\u7b79\u7a0e\u30021997\u5e74\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u7a0e\u6536\u5360\u603b\u6536\u5165\u768454.8%\uff0c\u53f0\u6e7e\u7701\u536018.9%\uff0c\u53f0\u5317\u5e02\u53608.4%\uff0c\u9ad8\u96c4\u5e02\u53602.8%\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\u7fc1\u5174\u5229\uff1a\u201c\u53f0\u6e7e\u5730\u533a\u8d22\u653f\u6536\u652f\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u63a2\u8ba8\u201d\uff0c\u7fc1\u5174\u5229\u4e3b\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u2014\u2014\u7cbe\u7701\u540e\u4e4b\u8d22\u653f\u81ea\u4e3b\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u5206\u6743\u300b\uff0c\u53f0\u5317\uff1a\u5546\u9f0e\u6587\u5316\u51fa\u7248\u793e1999\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c9-16\u9875\u3002<br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span>\u3000\u3000[15] \u9773\u4e1c\u5347\u4e3b\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u4f9d\u6cd5\u6cbb\u7a0e\u2014\u2014\u4e2d\u592e\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u7a0e\u6743\u5173\u7cfb\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c88-89\u9875\u3002<br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span>\u3000\u3000[16] \u589e\u503c\u7a0e\u4e2d\u592e\u5206\u4eab75%\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u5206\u4eab25%\uff1b\u8425\u4e1a\u7a0e\u4e2d\u94c1\u9053\u3001\u94f6\u884c\u603b\u884c\u548c\u4fdd\u9669\u603b\u516c\u53f8\u96c6\u4e2d\u7f34\u7eb3\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u5f52\u4e2d\u592e\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u5f52\u5730\u65b9\uff1b\u4e2d\u592e\u4f01\u4e1a\u6240\u5f97\u7a0e\u5f52\u4e2d\u592e\uff0c\u5176\u5b83\u4f01\u4e1a\u6240\u5f97\u7a0e\u7531\u4e2d\u592e\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u630960:40\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5206\u6210\uff1b\u5916\u56fd\u4f01\u4e1a\u548c\u5916\u5546\u6295\u8d44\u4f01\u4e1a\u6240\u5f97\u7a0e\u539f\u603b\u4f53\u7a0e\u7387\u662f33%\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5730\u65b9\u4e3a3%\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7279\u533a\u6267\u884c15%\uff0c2002\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\u5728\u5916\u8d44\u94f6\u884c\u7f34\u7eb3\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u5f52\u4e2d\u592e\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u7531\u4e2d\u592e\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u5206\u6210\uff1b\u4e2a\u4eba\u6240\u5f97\u7a0e\u7531\u4e2d\u592e\u548c\u5730\u65b960:40\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5206\u6210\uff1b\u6d77\u6d0b\u77f3\u6cb9\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u7a0e\u5f52\u4e2d\u592e\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u5f52\u5730\u65b9\uff1b\u57ce\u5efa\u7a0e\u4e2d\u94c1\u9053\u90e8\u3001\u5404\u94f6\u884c\u603b\u884c\u3001\u5404\u4fdd\u9669\u603b\u516c\u53f8\u96c6\u4e2d\u7f34\u7eb3\u7684\u5f52\u4e2d\u592e\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u5f52\u5730\u65b9\uff1b\u8bc1\u5238\u4ea4\u6613\u5370\u82b1\u7a0e\u6536\u5165\u768488%\u5f52\u4e2d\u592e\uff0c\u5269\u4e0b12%\u548c\u5176\u5b83\u5370\u82b1\u7a0e\u5f52\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\u540c\u4e0a\uff0c\u7b2c229-230\u9875\u3002<br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span>\u3000\u3000[17] 2002\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u73b0\u884c\u7a0e\u5236\u6309\u7167\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u96b6\u5c5e\u6027\u8d28\u5212\u5206\u4f01\u4e1a\u6240\u5f97\u7a0e\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u4f01\u4e1a\u5411\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u7f34\u7eb3\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u4f01\u4e1a\u5219\u5411\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u7f34\u7eb3\u6240\u5f97\u7a0e\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b89\u6392\u52a9\u957f\u4e86\u5730\u65b9\u4fdd\u62a4\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u901a\u8fc7\u884c\u653f\u624b\u6bb5\u5f3a\u884c\u63a8\u9500\u672c\u5730\u4f01\u4e1a\u4ea7\u54c1\u3001\u6392\u65a5\u5916\u6765\u4f01\u4e1a\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u503e\u5411\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\u9773\u4e1c\u5347\u4e3b\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u4f9d\u6cd5\u6cbb\u7a0e\u2014\u2014\u4e2d\u592e\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u7a0e\u6743\u5173\u7cfb\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c273\u3001312\u9875\u3002<br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span>\u3000\u3000[18] \u5176\u4e2d\u8054\u90a6\u6216\u4e2d\u592e\u8d22\u653f\u5360\u5168\u90e8\u8d22\u653f\u6536\u5165\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u662f60%\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u6263\u9664\u8f6c\u79fb\u652f\u4ed8\u4e4b\u540e\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5f98\u5f8a\u572835%\u4e0a\u4e0b\uff0c\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u76ee\u524d\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002<br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span>\u3000\u3000[19] \u53e6\u5916\uff0c1993\u5e74\u7684\u57fa\u671f\u9009\u62e9\u5f15\u53d1\u4e00\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\u5728\u57fa\u6570\u4e0a\u5f04\u865a\u4f5c\u5047\uff0c\u81f4\u4f7f\u5730\u533a\u5dee\u8ddd\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6ca1\u6709\u7f29\u5c0f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6709\u6240\u6269\u5927\u30021993\u5e74\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e00\u76f4\u201c\u85cf\u5bcc\u4e8e\u6c11\u201d\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u7a81\u7136\u7aed\u6cfd\u800c\u6e14\uff0c\u4eba\u4e3a\u865a\u589e\u6536\u5165\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u8fbd\u5b81\u9526\u897f\u67d0\u53bf\u57281992\u5e74\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u6536\u5165\u4e3a5700\u4e07\u5143\uff0c\u53bf\u8d22\u653f\u5c40\u957f\u516c\u5f00\u4e3b\u5f201993\u5e74\u62ac\u9ad8\u52307000\u4e07\u5143\uff0c\u4ee5\u540e\u5341\u5e74\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u7b49\u4e8e\u7ed9\u8be5\u53bf\u589e\u52a01.3\u4ebf\u5143\u7684\u6536\u5165\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\u751a\u81f3\u91c7\u53d6\u94f6\u884c\u3001\u8d22\u653f\u3001\u7a0e\u52a1\u4e09\u5bb6\u901a\u529b\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u94f6\u884c\u8d37\u6b3e\u4f01\u4e1a\u2014\u4f01\u4e1a\u7528\u8d37\u6b3e\u4ea4\u7a0e\u2014\u7a0e\u52a1\u5c40\u5c06\u7a0e\u6b3e\u4e0a\u4ea4\u8d22\u653f\u2014\u8d22\u653f\u518d\u62e8\u6b3e\u7ed9\u4f01\u4e1a\u2014\u4f01\u4e1a\u7528\u62e8\u6b3e\u507f\u8fd8\u94f6\u884c\u8d37\u6b3e\u7684\u602a\u5708\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u94f6\u884c\u4fe1\u8d37\u518d\u5ea6\u5403\u7d27\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u5730\u65b91993\u5e74\u7684\u7a0e\u6536\u6bd4\u4e0a\u5e74\u540c\u671f\u589e\u957f55%\u751a\u81f3100%\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u63d0\u524d\u5f81\u6536\u6309\u60ef\u4f8b\u52301994\u5e741\u6708\u624d\u5f81\u6536\u7684\u7a0e\u9879\u3002\u8f9b\u5411\u9633\uff1a\u300a\u767e\u5e74\u535a\u5f08\u2014\u2014\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e2d\u592e\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb100\u5e74\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c330-331\u9875\u3002<br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span>\u3000\u3000[20] 2006\u5e74\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u5e7f\u5dde\u5730\u533a\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u9884\u7b97\u6536\u5165\u8fbe1729\u4ebf\u5143\uff0c\u6bd4\u4e0a\u5e74\u589e\u52a015%\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0a\u7f34\u4e2d\u592e\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u8fbe\u523075.3%\uff0c\u7ea61301.9\u4ebf\u5143\uff0c\u5168\u56fd\u7ea61\/20\u3001\u5168\u7701\u7ea61\/3\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u6536\u5165\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u5e7f\u5dde\u3002\u800c\u5e7f\u5dde\u5e02\u8d22\u653f\u4e00\u822c\u9884\u7b97\u6536\u5165427.1\u4ebf\u5143\uff0c\u540c\u6bd4\u589e\u653655.8\u4ebf\u5143\uff0c\u589e\u957f15%\uff0c\u4e3a\u5168\u56fd\u5404\u7701\u5e02\u4e4b\u9996\u3002\u201c\u5e7f\u5dde\u53bb\u5e74\u4e0a\u7f341300\u591a\u4ebf\u5143\uff0c\u5360\u5168\u56fd\u8d22\u653f1\/20\u201d\uff0c\u300a\u4fe1\u606f\u65f6\u62a5\u300b 2007\u5e741\u670821\u65e5\u3002<br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span>\u3000\u3000[21] \u5468\u5c0f\u5ddd\u3001\u6768\u5fd7\u521a\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u8d22\u7a0e\u4f53\u5236\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u51fa\u8def\u300b\uff0c\u5929\u6d25\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e1992\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c196\u9875\u3002<br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span>\u3000\u3000[22] \u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\uff0c\u8d2b\u56f0\u5730\u533a\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0e\u8d39\u5360GDP\u7684\u6bd4\u91cd\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u653f\u5e9c\u6536\u5165\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u8d8a\u662f\u8d2b\u56f0\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u53ef\u4f9b\u7a0e\u8d39\u5f81\u6536\u7684\u4f59\u5730\u5c31\u8d8a\u5c0f\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5e76\u4e0d\u5947\u602a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u3001\u4e0a\u6d77\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5927\u57ce\u5e02\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4eba\u5747\u6536\u5165\u6bd4\u6b20\u53d1\u8fbe\u5730\u533a\u9ad8\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u7a0e\u8d39\u5360GDP\u00a0\u00a0 \u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4e5f\u66f4\u9ad8\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u66f4\u52a0\u5267\u4e86\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u6536\u5165\u7684\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u3002<br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span>\u3000\u3000[23] \u6709\u4eba\u603b\u7ed3\u5143\u671d\u8d22\u653f\u5206\u6210\u540e\u5f97\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u4e2d\u592e\u5f97\u516d\u3001\u5730\u65b9\u5f97\u56db\uff0c\u5219\u653f\u901a\u4eba\u548c\uff1b\u4e2d\u592e\u5f97\u56db\u3001\u5730\u65b9\u5f97\u516d\uff0c\u5219\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u6743\u53d7\u5230\u6311\u6218\uff1b\u4e2d\u592e\u6269\u5927\u5230\u4e03\u516b\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u652f\u5927\u4e8e\u6536\uff0c\u5219\u5b98\u540f\u8150\u8d25\u3001\u6c11\u6028\u6cb8\u817e\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\u9773\u4e1c\u5347\u4e3b\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u4f9d\u6cd5\u6cbb\u7a0e\u2014\u2014\u4e2d\u592e\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u7a0e\u6743\u5173\u7cfb\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c111\u9875\u3002<br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span>\u3000\u3000[24] \u53c2\u89c1\u9ad8\u65b0\u519b\uff1a\u300a\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ece\u6743\u529b\u653f\u5e9c\u5411\u8d23\u4efb\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u300b\uff0c\u897f\u5b89\uff1a\u897f\u5317\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e2005\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c10\u9875\u3002<br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span>\u3000\u3000[25] 1998\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u8d22\u653f\u9884\u7b97\u5916\u8d44\u91d1\u6ca1\u6709\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u636e\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u9884\u7b97\u5916\u8d44\u91d1\u4e3b\u8981\u6765\u81ea\u884c\u653f\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u5360\u9884\u7b97\u5185\u6536\u5165\u7684\u6bd4\u91cd\u4e3a30%\u4e0a\u4e0b\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u589e\u957f\u901f\u5ea6\u5927\u7ea610%\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\u9773\u4e1c\u5347\u4e3b\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u4f9d\u6cd5\u6cbb\u7a0e\u2014\u2014\u4e2d\u592e\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u7a0e\u6743\u5173\u7cfb\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c108-111\u9875\u3002<br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span>\u3000\u3000[26] \u9648\u6842\u68e3\u3001\u6625\u6843\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u519c\u6c11\u8c03\u67e5\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4eba\u6c11\u6587\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e2004\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c441-442\u9875\u3002<br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span>\u3000\u3000[27] \u7c7b\u4f3c\u5730\uff0c\u5b89\u5fbd\u6dee\u5317\u767e\u5584\u9547\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u6536\u5165\u6bd41997\u5e74\u51cf\u5c11300\u591a\u4e07\u5143\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9547\u653f\u5e9c\u670985\u4eba\u5403\u8d22\u653f\u996d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u516c\u52a1\u545840\u4eba\uff0c\u7ad9\u624034\u4eba\uff0c\u8ba1\u751f\u529e11\u4eba\u3002\u652f\u4ed8\u4e86\u6559\u5e08\u548c\u5e72\u90e8\u5de5\u8d44\u540e\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5927\u7ea615%\u7528\u4e8e\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52a1\u30022002\u5e74\uff0c\u767e\u5584\u9547\u7684\u6536\u5165\u662f618\u4e07\u5143\uff0c\u5404\u9879\u8f6c\u79fb\u652f\u4ed8213\u4e07\u5143\uff0c\u5360\u8d22\u653f\u6536\u5165\u768425.6%\u3002\u5f53\u5e74\u652f\u51fa\u662f\u6559\u5e08\u5de5\u8d44512\u4e07\u5143\uff0c\u9547\u653f\u5e9c\u4eba\u5458\u5de5\u8d44200\u591a\u4e07\u5143\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\u9ad8\u65b0\u519b\uff1a\u300a\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ece\u6743\u529b\u653f\u5e9c\u5411\u8d23\u4efb\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c9-12\u9875\u3002<br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span>\u3000\u3000[28] \u4f8b\u5982\u4e00\u4f4d\u4e61\u5e72\u90e8\u8bf4\uff0c\u524d\u4e9b\u5e74\u53c2\u4e0e\u5012\u7a0e\u7684\u5927\u591a\u53d1\u4e86\u8d22\u3002\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e61\u9547\u9886\u5bfc\u672c\u4ee55%\u8865\u8d34\u4e70\u7684\u7a0e\uff0c\u5374\u4ee510%\u8865\u8d34\u4e0b\u8d26\u3002\u5185\u8499\u53e4\u4e00\u4f4d\u4e61\u515a\u59d4\u4e66\u8bb0\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u8fd9\u9879\u4efb\u52a1\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u5c31\u6709\u5956\u91d1\u5f97\uff0c\u522b\u7684\u4e61\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e72\u90e83000\u5143\uff0c\u6211\u8fd9\u513f\u6700\u4f4e5000\u5143\u3002\u50cf\u6211\u4e2a\u4eba\u5c31\u53ef\u62ff\u5230\u4e09\u56db\u4e07\u5143\u94b1\uff0c\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u5956\u52b1\u81ea\u5df1\u3002\u201d\u201c\u4e2d\u897f\u90e8\u51fa\u73b0\u4e61\u9547\u4e70\u7a0e\u70ae\u5236\u653f\u7ee9\u201d\uff0c\u300a\u65b0\u4eac\u62a5\u300b 2006\u5e749\u670821\u65e5\u3002<br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span>\u3000\u3000[29] \u4f8b\u5982\u53c2\u89c1\u6d82\u91cd\u822a\uff1a\u201c\u591a\u7701\u5e02\u5f3a\u884c\u64a4\u6751\u6362\u53d6\u5efa\u8bbe\u7528\u5730\u6269\u5927\u571f\u5730\u8d22\u653f\u201d\uff0c\u300a\u65b0\u4eac\u62a5\u300b 2010\u5e7411\u67082\u65e5\uff1b\u5434\u9e4f\uff1a\u201c\u56fd\u571f\u90e8\uff1a\u8fc7\u53bb5\u5e74\u6211\u56fd\u571f\u5730\u51fa\u8ba9\u6536\u5165\u903e7\u4e07\u4ebf\u201d\uff0c\u300a\u65b0\u4eac\u62a5\u300b 2011\u5e741\u67088\u65e5\u3002<br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span>\u3000\u3000[30] \u53c2\u89c1\u5218\u5251\u6587\u7b49\u8457\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u592e\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u8d22\u653f\u5206\u6743\u6cd5\u5f8b\u95ee\u9898\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e2009\u5e74\u7248\uff1b\u5468\u521a\u5fd7\uff1a\u300a\u8d22\u653f\u5206\u6743\u7684\u5baa\u653f\u539f\u7406\u2014\u2014\u653f\u5e9c\u95f4\u8d22\u653f\u5173\u7cfb\u4e4b\u5baa\u6cd5\u6bd4\u8f83\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u51fa\u7248\u793e2010\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c224-229\u9875\u3002<br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span>\u3000\u3000[31] \u4e0d\u5c11\u5730\u65b9\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u56fd\u7a0e\u5f81\u6536\u56f0\u96be\u3001\u5730\u7a0e\u5f81\u6536\u5bb9\u6613\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff1b\u67d0\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\u5730\u7a0e\u6536\u5165\u589e\u957f\u8fc7\u5feb\uff0c\u5c11\u6570\u5730\u533a\u751a\u81f3\u8d85\u8fc7\u5f53\u5730\u751f\u4ea7\u603b\u503c\u589e\u957f\u901f\u5ea6\u597d\u51e0\u500d\u3002\u80e1\u4e66\u4e1c\uff1a\u300a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\u2014\u2014\u4e2d\u56fd\u8d22\u653f\u5236\u5ea6\u53d8\u8fc1\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u4e09\u8054\u4e66\u5e972001\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c177-180\u9875\u3002<br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span>\u3000\u3000[32] 1999-2003\u5e74\uff0c\u8d35\u5dde\u5168\u7701\u56fd\u7a0e\u7a3d\u67e5\u67e5\u51fa\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6237\u6570\u5360\u68c0\u67e5\u603b\u6570\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5e73\u5747\u4e3a44%\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u5e74\u4efd\u8d85\u8fc760%\uff1b\u5176\u4e2d\u7acb\u6848\u67e5\u5904\u6237\u6570\u5360\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u6237\u6570\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5e73\u574787%\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u5e74\u4efd100%\u3002\u636e\u56fd\u5bb6\u5ba1\u8ba1\u7f722003-04\u5e74\u5bf9788\u5bb6\u7a0e\u6e90\u5927\u6237\u7684\u5ba1\u8ba1\u7ed3\u679c\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f01\u4e1a\u5728\u4e0d\u5230\u4e24\u5e74\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u7a0e\u6536\u6d41\u5931\u8fbe200\u591a\u4ebf\u5143\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bf9\u5077\u9003\u7a0e\u6253\u51fb\u4e0d\u529b\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u5bfc\u81f4\u56fd\u5bb6\u7a0e\u6536\u5927\u91cf\u6d41\u5931\uff0c\u6d41\u5931\u89c4\u6a21\u5360\u5b9e\u6536\u7a0e\u989d\u768430-50%\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u6d41\u5931\u7ea63000-4000\u4ebf\u5143\u3002\u6309\u7167\u7f57\u9a6c\u5c3c\u4e9a\u548c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7a0e\u52a1\u8b66\u5bdf\u7684\u4e1a\u7ee9\u6d4b\u7b97\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u53ef\u4ee5\u8282\u52362\/3\u7a0e\u6536\u6d41\u5931\uff0c\u6536\u76ca\u8fdc\u8fdc\u5927\u4e8e\u6210\u672c\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\u738b\u5ef6\u6625\uff1a\u201c\u7a0e\u6536\u9ed1\u6d1e\uff1a\u6bcf\u5e74\u541e\u566c4000\u4ebf\u201d\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u65f6\u62a5\u300b 2002\u5e748\u670820\u65e5\u3002<br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span>\u3000\u3000[33] \u9773\u4e1c\u5347\u4e3b\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u4f9d\u6cd5\u6cbb\u7a0e\u2014\u2014\u4e2d\u592e\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u7a0e\u6743\u5173\u7cfb\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c91-93\u9875\u3002<br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span><br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span><br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span><br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span><br \/><span>\u00a0<\/span>\u3000\u3000\u00a0<\/dd>\n<dt><strong>\u4e0a\u4e00\u7bc7\uff1a<\/strong> <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/blog.caijing.com.cn\/expert_article-151521-24343.shtml\" title=\"\u6b7b\u5211\u6570\u91cf\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u56fd\u5bb6\u79d8\u5bc6\u201d\" target=\"_blank\">\u6b7b\u5211\u6570\u91cf\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u56fd\u5bb6\u79d8\u5bc6\u201d<\/a> \u3000 <strong>\u4e0b\u4e00\u7bc7\uff1a<\/strong> \u6ca1\u6709\u4e86<\/dt>\n<\/dl>\n<div>\n<p>\u9605\u8bfb\u6570(77)\u3000\u8bc4\u8bba\u6570(<span>0<\/span>)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<p><em><span>0<\/span><\/em>\u6761<\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u535a\u6587\u76f8\u5173\u70b9\u8bc4<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/api.mixpanel.com\/track\/?data=eyJldmVudCI6ICJmdWxsdGV4dGltcHJlc3Npb24iLCAicHJvcGVydGllcyI6IHsidG9rZW4iOiAiYTRhNDYwYTM5MDRlZWU4ZmY1ZTAyNGVhNGJkZTdhYzIifX0=&#038;ip=1&#038;img=1\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" border=\"0\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/pixel.quantserve.com\/pixel\/p-89EKCgBk8MZdE.gif\" border=\"0\" height=\"1\" width=\"1\" \/><\/p>\n<p><small>\u672c\u6587\u7531\u81ea\u52a8\u805a\u5408\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53d6\u81ea\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u548c\u89c2\u70b9\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u6570\u5b57\u65f6\u4ee3\u7acb\u573a<\/small><\/p>\n<form method=\"POST\" action=\"http:\/\/www.feedblitz.com\/f\/f.fbz?AddNewUserDirect\">\n\u5b9a\u671f\u83b7\u5f97\u7ffb\u5899\u4fe1\u606f\uff1f<a href=\"http:\/\/www.feedblitz.com\/f\/?Sub=750556\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u8bf7\u7535\u90ae\u8ba2\u9605\u6570\u5b57\u65f6\u4ee3<\/a> <br \/><input name=\"EMAIL\" maxlength=\"64\" type=\"text\" size=\"25\" value=\"\"><br \/>\n<input name=\"FEEDID\" type=\"hidden\" value=\"750556\"><br \/>\n<input name=\"PUBLISHER\" type=\"hidden\" value=\"7485568\"><br \/>\n<input type=\"submit\" value=\"\u8ba2\u9605!\"><br \/>\n<\/form>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p> 2011\u5e7409\u670816\u65e5 08:25:40 \u3000\u3000 \u00a0 \u3000\u3000\u5185\u5bb9\u63d0\u8981\uff1a\u00a0 \u672c\u6587\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e2d\u592e\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u8d22\u653f\u5206\u6743\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5448\u73b0\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3001\u95ee\u9898\u53ca\u5176\u51fa\u8def\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u9996\u5148\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e861949\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\u8d22\u653f\u5206\u6743\u4e0e\u96c6\u6743\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u5e76\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u8fd9\u6bb5\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u4e0e\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u6587\u7ae0\u5206\u6790\u4e861994\u5e74\u5206\u7a0e\u5236\u7684\u5b9e\u65bd\u53ca\u5176\u6210\u8d25\uff0c\u5e76\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u5728\u4e2d\u592e\u96c6\u6743\u4f53\u5236\u4e0b\u5b9e\u884c\u5206\u7a0e\u5236\u6240\u884d\u751f\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u8fd0\u7528\u4e2d\u592e\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\u6cd5\u6cbb\u5316\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u4e2d\u56fd\u8d22\u653f\u5206\u6743\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u51fa\u8def\u3002 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u3000\u3000\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\uff1a\u4e2d\u592e\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u8d22\u653f\u5206\u6743\uff0c\u571f\u5730\u8d22\u653f \u00a0 \u00a0 \u3000\u3000\u82f1\u6587\u6807\u9898\uff1aThe Central-local Separation of Fiscal Powers: China\u2019s Experiences, Problems and Solutions \u00a0 \u00a0 \u3000\u3000\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5355\u4e00\u5236\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u4f53\u5236\u4f3c\u4e4e\u7406\u6240\u5f53\u7136\u5730\u6cbf\u88ad\u4e86\u4e2d\u592e\u96c6\u6743\u5236\u7684\u6743\u529b\u7ed3\u6784\u3002 [1] 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[7] 1978\u5e74\u5341\u4e00\u5c4a\u4e09\u4e2d\u5168\u4f1a\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u9762\u4e34\u8d22\u653f\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u8d22\u653f\u6536\u5165\u53ea\u67091121\u4ebf\u5143\uff0c\u53ea\u5360\u5168\u90e8\u6536\u5165\u768415.6%\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u8d22\u653f\u5360\u4e8684.4%\u3002\u6743\u529b\u4e0b\u653e\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f13\u89e3\u4e2d\u592e\u8d22\u653f\u652f\u51fa\u7684\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u6269\u5927\u5730\u65b9\u652f\u51fa\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u652f\u51fa\u4e2d\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3002\u8d22\u653f\u5305\u5e72\u5236\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4e5f\u4e3a\u4e2d\u592e\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u5206\u6743\u57cb\u4e0b\u4f0f\u7b14\uff0c\u6743\u529b\u5f00\u59cb\u6709\u6b65\u9aa4\u4e0b\u653e\u30021980\u5e74\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u5b9e\u884c\u5212\u5206\u6536\u652f\u3001\u5206\u7ea7\u5305\u5e72\u7684\u201c\u5206\u7076\u5403\u996d\u201d\u7684\u8d22\u7a0e\u4f53\u5236\u3002\u6269\u5927\u4f01\u4e1a\u81ea\u4e3b\u6743\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u8d22\u653f\u6536\u5165\u4e2d\u4f01\u4e1a\u6536\u5165\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u9010\u5e74\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u4ece1978\u5e74\u768451%\u4e0b\u964d\u52301979\u5e74\u768445%\u30011980\u5e74\u768440%\u30011981\u5e74\u768432.5%\uff0c\u9020\u62101979\u30011980\u5e74\u7684\u5de8\u989d\u8d64\u5b57\u3002 \u00a0 \u3000\u30001980\u5e74\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u5b9e\u884c\u5212\u5206\u6536\u652f\u3001\u5206\u7ea7\u5305\u5e72\u7684\u201c\u5206\u7076\u5403\u996d\u201d\u7684\u8d22\u7a0e\u4f53\u5236\u3002\u4ece1980\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u8d22\u653f\u9884\u7b97\u5185\u975e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5efa\u8bbe\u652f\u51fa\u5360GDP\u7684\u6bd4\u91cd\u786e\u5b9e\u4e00\u76f4\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u4ece1979\u5e74\u768412.7%\u4e0b\u964d\u52301992\u5e74\u76847.5%\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u52a0\u4e0a\u9884\u7b97\u5916\u975e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u652f\u51fa\uff0c\u90a3\u4e481982-92\u5e74\u603b\u4f53\u652f\u51fa\u5360GDP\u7684\u6bd4\u91cd\u4e00\u76f4\u7ef4\u6301\u572813%\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u548c1960-79\u5e74\u768412%\u4e0a\u4e0b\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u76f8\u5f53\u3002 [8] 1988\u5e74\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u5927\u5305\u5e72\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u533a\u5b9e\u884c\u4e0d\u540c\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5171\u6709\u516d\u79cd\u4e4b\u591a\u3002 [9] \u5373\u4fbfa\u6216c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9010\u5e74\u8c03\u6574\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u5f80\u5f80\u8981\u6ede\u540e\u56db\u4e94\u5e74\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u524a\u5f31\u4e2d\u592e\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u5b8f\u89c2\u8c03\u63a7\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e2d\u592e\u8d22\u653f\u6536\u5165\u5728\u603b\u6536\u5165\u548c\u56fd\u6c11\u751f\u4ea7\u603b\u503c\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4e0d\u65ad\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u6731\u9394\u57fa\u57281993\u5e748\u6708\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u6536\u5165\u536070%\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u53ea\u670930%\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u652f\u51fa\u5374\u5360\u4e86\u4e00\u534a\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e2d\u592e\u6536\u5165\u5e76\u4e0d\u968f\u5730\u65b9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u800c\u589e\u957f\u3002 [10] 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(1956)\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5177\u5907\u8d22\u653f\u81ea\u4e3b\u6743\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u6548\u7387\u3002\u5e03\u4f26\u5357\u548c\u5e03\u574e\u5357\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u96c6\u6743\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u603b\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u8eab\u7a0e\u6536\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5316\u6765\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u538b\u69a8\u516c\u6c11\uff1b\u8d22\u653f\u5206\u6743\u5c06\u6709\u6548\u7ea6\u675f\u653f\u5e9c\u602a\u517d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u53e3\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u8ffd\u6c42\u8d22\u653f\u5229\u76ca\u800c\u8de8\u8f96\u533a\u6d41\u52a8\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bf9\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u8bfe\u7a0e\u6743\u529b\u5f62\u6210\u5f3a\u5927\u7ea6\u675f\u3002\u5206\u6743\u4f7f\u653f\u5e9c\u8fd0\u8f6c\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u9760\u5730\u65b9\u8d22\u653f\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u800c\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u6781\u5927\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u653f\u5e9c\u5c06\u793e\u4f1a\u8d44\u6e90\u914d\u7f6e\u5230\u516c\u5171\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u76ee\u524d\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8fc1\u5f99\u81ea\u7531\u7b49\u5176\u5b83\u524d\u63d0\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u8d22\u653f\u81ea\u6cbb\u7406\u8bba\u5f88\u96be\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd0\u7528\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u800c\u4e2d\u56fd1952-85\u5e74\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u6539\u9769\u5b9e\u8df5\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e5f\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u5e03\u4f26\u5357\u548c\u5e03\u574e\u5357\u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u3002 [11] \u00a0 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[12] \u00a0 \u00a0 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[13] 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http:\/\/www.stats.gov.cn\/tjsj\/ndsj \u3002 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u3000\u3000 \u4e09\u3001\u5730\u65b9\u8d22\u653f\u77ed\u7f3a\u53ca\u5176\u540e\u679c \u00a0 \u00a0 \u3000\u3000\u5730\u65b9\u8d22\u653f\u7684\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u5206\u914d\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e61\u9547\u516c\u5171\u8d22\u653f\u8d44\u6e90\u77ed\u7f3a\uff0c\u4e14\u9884\u7b97\u5916\u7684\u4e71\u6536\u8d39\u73b0\u8c61\u4e25\u91cd\u3002 [25] 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[26] 2000\u5e74\u7a0e\u8d39\u6539\u9769\u540e\uff0c\u5b89\u5fbd\u7701\u6dee\u5317\u5e02\u6eaa\u53bf\u4e94\u6c9f\u9547\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u6536\u5165\u4e00\u4e0b\u5b50\u4ece550\u4e07\u5143\u9510\u51cf\u4e3a330\u4e07\u5143\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5168\u5e74\u5de5\u8d44\u5c31\u9700\u8981500\u4e07\u5143\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u62db\u5f85\u3001\u529e\u516c\u7b49\u516c\u52a1\u652f\u51fa\uff0c\u4e00\u5e74\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u7f3a\u53e3\u9ad8\u8fbe220\u4e07\u5143\u3002 [27] \u00a0 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[29] \u53ef\u4ee5\u9884\u89c1\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5730\u65b9\u8d22\u653f\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0d\u53d8\u3001\u201c\u571f\u5730\u8d22\u653f\u201d\u538b\u529b\u4f9d\u5728\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u89e3\u51b3\u5404\u5730\u7684\u6ee5\u5f81\u6ee5\u62c6\u53ca\u5176\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u60b2\u5267\uff0c\u800c\u201c\u571f\u5730\u8d22\u653f\u7684\u201d\u6839\u6e90\u6b63\u5728\u4e8e\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u8d22\u7a0e\u5206\u914d\u5236\u5ea6\u3002 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u3000\u3000 \u56db\u3001\u8d70\u5411\u4e2d\u592e\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u8d22\u7a0e\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6cd5\u6cbb\u5316 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u3000\u3000\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u4e0a\u8ff0\u79cd\u79cd\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u8bf8\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u5b9e\u73b0\u8d22\u7a0e\u9886\u57df\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\u6cd5\u6cbb\u5316\u3002 [30] 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[32] \u00a0 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\u00a0 \u3000\u3000\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u5730\u65b9\u83b7\u5f97\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u7a0e\u6536\u7acb\u6cd5\u6743\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u7a0e\u6536\u5206\u754c\u5e94\u66f4\u52a0\u660e\u6670\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u5f81\u7ba1\u626f\u76ae\u3001\u6536\u5165\u6df7\u5e93\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u5206\u7a0e\u5236\u4ecd\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u6bd4\u8f83\u591a\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u4f53\u5236\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5171\u4eab\u7a0e\u5728\u5168\u90e8\u6536\u5165\u4e2d\u9ad8\u8fbe60%\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u79bb\u5f7b\u5e95\u7684\u5206\u7a0e\u5236\u8fd8\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u5dee\u8ddd\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8425\u4e1a\u7a0e\u4e2d\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\u4e1a\u548c\u4ea4\u901a\u8fd0\u8f93\u4e1a\u7b49\u7a0e\u76ee\u5c06\u8fdf\u65e9\u6539\u4e3a\u589e\u503c\u7a0e\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8c03\u6574\u8425\u4e1a\u7a0e\u7684\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u4ee5\u884c\u4e1a\u4e0e\u8d22\u653f\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u5f52\u5c5e\u754c\u5b9a\u6536\u5165\u5f52\u5c5e\u3002\u5bf9\u94c1\u9053\u90e8\u95e8\u3001\u94f6\u884c\u603b\u884c\u548c\u4fdd\u9669\u603b\u516c\u53f8\u96c6\u4e2d\u7f34\u7eb3\u7684\u8425\u4e1a\u7a0e\u5e94\u5212\u5f52\u5730\u65b9\u56fa\u5b9a\u6536\u5165\uff0c\u53d6\u6d88\u5bf9\u4ece\u4e8b\u91d1\u878d\u3001\u4fdd\u9669\u3001\u8bc1\u5238\u3001\u7535\u4fe1\u7b49\u5916\u8d44\u670d\u52a1\u4f01\u4e1a\u4eab\u6709\u7684\u8425\u4e1a\u7a0e\u51cf\u514d\u4f18\u60e0\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u5730\u533a\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u8c03\u6574\u8d22\u4ea7\u7a0e\u7684\u79cd\u7c7b\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u6269\u5927\u8d44\u6e90\u7a0e\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u3002 [33] \u00a0 \u3000\u3000\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5206\u7a0e\u5236\u4e0b\u5404\u7ea7\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u652f\u51fa\u548c\u6536\u5165\u8d23\u4efb\u672a\u5fc5\u5bf9\u7b49\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u8c03\u52a8\u5730\u65b9\u53d1\u5c55\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u5f81\u96c6\u6536\u5165\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u5206\u7a0e\u5236\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u65b9\u5411\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u7ecf\u8fc7\u9002\u5f53\u8c03\u6574\u4e4b\u540e\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u6709\u6f5c\u529b\u53d1\u5c55\u6210\u4e3a\u7b26\u5408\u4e2d\u56fd\u9700\u8981\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u8054\u90a6\u5236\u5ea6\u3002 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u3000\u3000 \u00a0 \u3000\u3000________________________________________ \u00a0 \u3000\u3000* \u653f\u5e9c\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u5baa\u6cd5\u4e0e\u884c\u653f\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6559\u6388\u3002 \u00a0 \u3000\u3000[1] \u4f8b\u5982\u5965\u8328\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u548c\u5904\u4e8e\u8c31\u7cfb\u53e6\u4e00\u7aef\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u5355\u4e00\u5236\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u5b9e\u73b0\u793e\u4f1a\u518d\u5206\u914d\u76ee\u6807\u65b9\u9762\u53ef\u80fd\u8981\u6709\u6548\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u201d\u89c1Wallace E. Oates, Fiscal Federalism, New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich (1972), p. 8. \u00a0 \u3000\u3000[2] \u80e1\u4e66\u4e1c\uff1a\u300a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\u2014\u2014\u4e2d\u56fd\u8d22\u653f\u5236\u5ea6\u53d8\u8fc1\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u4e09\u8054\u4e66\u5e972001\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c3\u9875\u3002 \u00a0 \u3000\u3000[3] \u8f9b\u5411\u9633\uff1a\u300a\u767e\u5e74\u535a\u5f08\u2014\u2014\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e2d\u592e\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb100\u5e74\u300b\uff0c\u5c71\u4e1c\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e2000\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c141-153\u9875\u3002 \u00a0 \u3000\u3000[4] \u540c\u4e0a\uff0c\u7b2c171-177\u9875\u3002 \u00a0 \u3000\u3000[5] \u80e1\u4e66\u4e1c\uff1a\u300a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\u2014\u2014\u4e2d\u56fd\u8d22\u653f\u5236\u5ea6\u53d8\u8fc1\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u4e09\u8054\u4e66\u5e972001\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c66\uff0d69\u9875\u3002 \u00a0 \u3000\u3000[6] \u540c\u4e0a\uff0c\u7b2c199\uff0d209\u9875\u3002 \u00a0 \u3000\u3000[7] \u8f9b\u5411\u9633\uff1a\u300a\u767e\u5e74\u535a\u5f08\u2014\u2014\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e2d\u592e\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb100\u5e74\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c235-236\u9875\u3002 \u00a0 \u3000\u3000[8] 1985\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4e2d\u592e\u9884\u7b97\u5185\u652f\u51fa\u5360\u8d22\u653f\u9884\u7b97\u603b\u652f\u51fa\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u660e\u663e\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9884\u7b97\u5916\u652f\u51fa\u5374\u7f13\u6162\u4e0a\u5347\u3002\u76f4\u52301993\u5e74\uff0c\u9884\u7b97\u5916\u6536\u652f\u9879\u76ee\u8c03\u6574\uff0c\u6263\u9664\u4e86\u5360\u9884\u7b97\u5916\u8d44\u91d170%\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u56fd\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a\u53ca\u5176\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u9884\u7b97\u5916\u8d44\u91d1\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u9884\u7b97\u5916\u8d44\u91d1\u6536\u652f\u624d\u53d7\u5230\u6781\u5927\u524a\u5f31\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u5728\u9884\u7b97\u5916\u8d44\u91d1\u652f\u51fa\u7684\u6bd4\u91cd\u4e5f\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u4e0b\u8dcc\u3002\u4f46\u4ece\u603b\u4f53\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c1985-92\u5e74\u95f4\u4e2d\u592e\u9884\u7b97\u5185\u5916\u6536\u5165\u5360\u5168\u56fd\u9884\u7b97\u603b\u6536\u5165\u7684\u6bd4\u91cd\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u663e\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c1992\u5e74\u7684\u6536\u5165\u4ec5\u6bd41984\u5e74\u5386\u53f2\u6700\u9ad8\u70b9\u768440%\u4e0b\u964d3.5\u4e2a\u767e\u5206\u70b9\uff0c\u652f\u51fa\u4ec5\u4e0b\u964d2.8\u4e2a\u767e\u5206\u70b9\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\u80e1\u4e66\u4e1c\uff1a\u300a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c131-134\u9875\u3002 \u00a0 \u3000\u3000[9] \u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u5e7f\u4e1c\u3001\u798f\u5efa\u5b9e\u884c\u5b9a\u989d\u627f\u5305\u6cd5\uff0cS(x) = x \u2013 c\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dc\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e0a\u7f34\u4e2d\u592e\u7684\u6570\u989d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5305\u5e72\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u5f0a\u7aef\u662f\u4e2d\u592e\u6536\u5165\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5e76\u4e0d\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5374\u9762\u4e34\u652f\u51fa\u4e0a\u5347\u7684\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u8d22\u653f\u8d64\u5b57\u3002\u5728\u6c5f\u82cf\u5b9e\u884c\u7684\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u6bd4\u4f8b\u627f\u5305\u6cd5\uff0cS(x) = a x\uff0c\u5176\u4e2da\u662f\u5730\u65b9\u8d22\u653f\u5206\u6210\u7684\u56fa\u5b9a\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e2d\u592e\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u76d1\u7763\u4e0e\u5ba1\u8ba1\u529b\u91cf\u786e\u5b9ax\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u591a\u5c11\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\u5e73\u65b0\u4e54\uff1a\u300a\u8d22\u653f\u539f\u7406\u4e0e\u6bd4\u8f83\u8d22\u653f\u5236\u5ea6\u300b\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u4e09\u8054\u4e66\u5e971995\u5e74\u7248\u3002 \u00a0 \u3000\u3000[10] \u8f9b\u5411\u9633\uff1a\u300a\u767e\u5e74\u535a\u5f08\u2014\u2014\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e2d\u592e\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb100\u5e74\u300b\uff0c\u5c71\u4e1c\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e2000\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c303-305\u9875\u3002 \u00a0 \u3000\u3000[11] \u80e1\u4e66\u4e1c\uff1a\u300a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c103\u9875\u3002 \u00a0 \u3000\u3000[12] \u540c\u4e0a\uff0c\u7b2c168-173\u9875\u3002 \u00a0 \u3000\u3000[13] \u51cc\u5fd7\u519b\uff1a\u300a\u6c89\u6d6e\u2014\u2014\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6539\u9769\u5907\u5fd8\u5b9e\u5f55\uff081989-1997\uff09\u300b\uff0c\u4e1c\u65b9\u51fa\u7248\u793e1998\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c542-543\u9875\u3002 \u00a0 \u3000\u3000[14] \u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u7167\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u53f0\u6e7e\u5730\u533a\u7684\u5206\u7a0e\u5236\u4e5f\u76f8\u5f53\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6709\u5404\u7ea7\u653f\u5e9c\u72ec\u7acb\u89c4\u5b9a\u5e76\u5f81\u6536\u7684\u201c\u72ec\u7acb\u7a0e\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6709\u6309\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5206\u4eab\u7684\u201c\u5171\u5206\u7a0e\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0a\u7ea7\u6309\u6bd4\u4f8b\u914d\u5957\u7684\u201c\u7edf\u7b79\u7a0e\u201d\u3002\u201c\u56fd\u7a0e\u201d\u4e2d\u7684\u5173\u7a0e\u3001\u6240\u5f97\u7a0e\u3001\u8d27\u7269\u7a0e\u548c\u8bc1\u5238\u4ea4\u6613\u7a0e\u4e3a\u72ec\u7acb\u7a0e\uff0c\u9057\u4ea7\u53ca\u8d60\u4e0e\u7a0e\u4e3a\u5171\u5206\u7a0e\uff1b\u76f4\u8f96\u5e02\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u724c\u7167\u7a0e\u4e3a\u72ec\u7acb\u7a0e\uff0c\u201c\u7701\u7a0e\u201d\u4e2d\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u724c\u7167\u7a0e\u4e3a\u5171\u5206\u7a0e\uff0c\u8425\u4e1a\u7a0e\u3001\u5370\u82b1\u7a0e\u4e3a\u7edf\u7b79\u7a0e\uff1b\u76f4\u8f96\u5e02\u6216\u7701\u8f96\u5e02\u7684\u5730\u4ef7\u7a0e\u3001\u623f\u5c4b\u7a0e\u548c\u5951\u7a0e\u7b49\u201c\u53bf\u5e02\u7a0e\u201d\u4e3a\u72ec\u7acb\u7a0e\uff0c\u5176\u5b83\u53bf\u5e02\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7a0e\u79cd\u5219\u4e3a\u7edf\u7b79\u7a0e\u30021997\u5e74\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u7a0e\u6536\u5360\u603b\u6536\u5165\u768454.8%\uff0c\u53f0\u6e7e\u7701\u536018.9%\uff0c\u53f0\u5317\u5e02\u53608.4%\uff0c\u9ad8\u96c4\u5e02\u53602.8%\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\u7fc1\u5174\u5229\uff1a\u201c\u53f0\u6e7e\u5730\u533a\u8d22\u653f\u6536\u652f\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u63a2\u8ba8\u201d\uff0c\u7fc1\u5174\u5229\u4e3b\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u2014\u2014\u7cbe\u7701\u540e\u4e4b\u8d22\u653f\u81ea\u4e3b\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u5206\u6743\u300b\uff0c\u53f0\u5317\uff1a\u5546\u9f0e\u6587\u5316\u51fa\u7248\u793e1999\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c9-16\u9875\u3002 \u00a0 \u3000\u3000[15] \u9773\u4e1c\u5347\u4e3b\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u4f9d\u6cd5\u6cbb\u7a0e\u2014\u2014\u4e2d\u592e\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u7a0e\u6743\u5173\u7cfb\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c88-89\u9875\u3002 \u00a0 \u3000\u3000[16] 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\u00a0 \u3000\u3000[17] 2002\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u73b0\u884c\u7a0e\u5236\u6309\u7167\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u96b6\u5c5e\u6027\u8d28\u5212\u5206\u4f01\u4e1a\u6240\u5f97\u7a0e\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u4f01\u4e1a\u5411\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u7f34\u7eb3\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u4f01\u4e1a\u5219\u5411\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u7f34\u7eb3\u6240\u5f97\u7a0e\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b89\u6392\u52a9\u957f\u4e86\u5730\u65b9\u4fdd\u62a4\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u901a\u8fc7\u884c\u653f\u624b\u6bb5\u5f3a\u884c\u63a8\u9500\u672c\u5730\u4f01\u4e1a\u4ea7\u54c1\u3001\u6392\u65a5\u5916\u6765\u4f01\u4e1a\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u503e\u5411\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\u9773\u4e1c\u5347\u4e3b\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u4f9d\u6cd5\u6cbb\u7a0e\u2014\u2014\u4e2d\u592e\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u7a0e\u6743\u5173\u7cfb\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c273\u3001312\u9875\u3002 \u00a0 \u3000\u3000[18] 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\u00a0 \u3000\u3000[20] 2006\u5e74\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u5e7f\u5dde\u5730\u533a\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u9884\u7b97\u6536\u5165\u8fbe1729\u4ebf\u5143\uff0c\u6bd4\u4e0a\u5e74\u589e\u52a015%\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0a\u7f34\u4e2d\u592e\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u8fbe\u523075.3%\uff0c\u7ea61301.9\u4ebf\u5143\uff0c\u5168\u56fd\u7ea61\/20\u3001\u5168\u7701\u7ea61\/3\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u6536\u5165\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u5e7f\u5dde\u3002\u800c\u5e7f\u5dde\u5e02\u8d22\u653f\u4e00\u822c\u9884\u7b97\u6536\u5165427.1\u4ebf\u5143\uff0c\u540c\u6bd4\u589e\u653655.8\u4ebf\u5143\uff0c\u589e\u957f15%\uff0c\u4e3a\u5168\u56fd\u5404\u7701\u5e02\u4e4b\u9996\u3002\u201c\u5e7f\u5dde\u53bb\u5e74\u4e0a\u7f341300\u591a\u4ebf\u5143\uff0c\u5360\u5168\u56fd\u8d22\u653f1\/20\u201d\uff0c\u300a\u4fe1\u606f\u65f6\u62a5\u300b 2007\u5e741\u670821\u65e5\u3002 \u00a0 \u3000\u3000[21] 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