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\/>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u672c\u6587\u4f59\u4e0b\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5b89\u6392\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8282\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u56de\u987e\u5e73\u7b49\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6587\u732e\uff0c\u8ba8\u8bba\u672c\u6587\u7406\u8bba\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5e76\u8bc4\u8bba\u4e00\u4e9b\u5173\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u7684\u5df2\u6709\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u8282\u7ed9\u51fa\u7406\u8bba\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u7b2c\u56db\u8282\u8be6\u7ec6\u5206\u6790\u548c\u6c42\u89e3\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u7ed9\u51fa\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6027\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u6a21\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u7b80\u77ed\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\u7b2c\u4e94\u8282\u5c31\u6a21\u578b\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u547d\u9898\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u662f\u4e2d\u6027\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e00\u4e9b\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u7684\u3001\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u3001\u4f46\u5374\u6269\u5927\u6536\u5165\u5dee\u8ddd\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u7b2c\u516d\u8282\u603b\u7ed3\u5168\u6587\u3002<br \/>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<br \/>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u4e8c\u3001\u6587\u732e\u56de\u987e<br \/>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<br \/>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u76ee\u524d\u5df2\u6709\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6587\u732e\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u653f\u7b56\u53ca\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6587\u732e\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u662f\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u5982\u4f55\u900f\u8fc7\u6295\u7968\uff08Alesina \uff06Rodrik\uff0c1994\uff1bBenabou \uff0c2000\uff1bHassler et al \uff0c2003\uff09\u6216\u9662\u5916\u6d3b\u52a8\uff08Esteban \uff06Ray \uff0c2006\uff09\u6765\u5f71\u54cd\u548c\u626d\u66f2\u653f\u5e9c\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0cEsteban \uff06Ray \uff082006\uff09\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u672c\u6587\u7684\u5173\u8054\u8f83\u5927\u3002\u5728\u8d22\u5bcc\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u80fd\u529b\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u90fd\u5f71\u54cd\u9662\u5916\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0cEsteban \uff06Ray\uff082006\uff09\u5c06\u9662\u5916\u6d3b\u52a8\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e2a\u4f53\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u653f\u5e9c\u663e\u793a\u5176\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u8f83\u591a\u7684\u8d22\u5bcc\u4f1a\u4f7f\u4e2a\u4f53\u66f4\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u8fdb\u884c\u9662\u5916\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u5206\u5e03\u548c\u5979\u4eec\u7684\u8d22\u5bcc\u5206\u5e03\u4e0d\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u653f\u5e9c\u8ffd\u6c42\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea7\u51fa\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5316\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u4e5f\u4f1a\u626d\u66f2\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u975e\u6c11\u9009\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u5728Esteban \uff06Ray \uff082006\uff09\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5e73\u7b49\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\u9662\u5916\u6d3b\u52a8\u4f5c\u4e3a\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff1b\u5728\u672c\u6587\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u5e73\u7b49\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\u7fa4\u4f53\u6743\u529b\u626d\u66f2\u653f\u5e9c\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\u3002\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e73\u7b49\u90fd\u4f7f\u5f97\u653f\u5e9c\u66f4\u52a0\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5206\u914d\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u533a\u522b\u662f\uff0cEsteban \uff06Ray \uff082006\uff09\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u80fd\u529b\u662f\u79c1\u4eba\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\u7684\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5e73\u7b49\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u653f\u5e9c\u83b7\u53d6\u4e2a\u4f53\u80fd\u529b\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u800c\u672c\u6587\u5047\u8bbe\u4fe1\u606f\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\uff0c\u5e73\u7b49\u4f7f\u5f97\u5404\u4e2a\u7fa4\u4f53\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u5730\u8868\u8fbe\u610f\u613f\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u589e\u8fdb\u6548\u7387\u3002<br \/>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u533a\u522b\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u5047\u8bbe\u653f\u5e9c\u8ffd\u6c42\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea7\u51fa\u6700\u5927\u5316\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e2d\u6027\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0b\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea7\u51fa\u6c38\u8fdc\u53ea\u662f\u6b21\u4f18\u7684\u3002\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4e3b\u9898\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u2014\u2014Esteban \uff06Ray 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\/>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u5173\u4e8e\u975e\u6c11\u9009\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6700\u8fd1\u4e5f\u6709\u6240\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u7740\u773c\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u975e\u6c11\u9009\u653f\u5e9c\u3001\u7279\u522b\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u975e\u6c11\u9009\u653f\u5e9c\u80fd\u591f\u957f\u671f\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff08Padro-I-Miquel\uff0c2007\uff1bAcemolgu\uff0cTicchi\uff06Vindigni\uff0c2007\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u4e24\u7bc7\u6587\u732e\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e00\u4e9b\u975e\u6c11\u9009\u653f\u5e9c\u80fd\u591f\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u975e\u6c11\u9009\u653f\u5e9c\u53d6\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u8868\u73b0\u3002Besley\uff06Kudamatsu\uff082007\uff09\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e8c\u6218\u540e\u975e\u6c11\u9009\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8868\u73b0\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5e76\u8bd5\u56fe\u89e3\u91ca\u90e8\u5206\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6210\u529f\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u9009\u4e3e\u56e2\uff08selectorate 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\/>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0*\u8d3a\u5927\u5174\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u5b66\u9662\uff0c\u90ae\u653f\u7f16\u7801\uff1a100871\uff0c\u7535\u5b50\u4fe1\u7bb1\uff1ahedaxing@gmail.com\uff1b\u59da\u6d0b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u56fd\u5bb6\u53d1\u5c55\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u90ae\u653f\u7f16\u7801\uff1a100871\uff0c\u7535\u5b50\u4fe1\u7bb1\uff1ayyao@ccer.pku.edu.cn.\u672c\u6587\u5f97\u5230\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u4eba\u6587\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u91cd\u70b9\u7814\u7a76\u57fa\u5730\u9879\u76ee\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5236\u5ea6\u8f6c\u578b\u7814\u7a76\u201d\uff08\u9879\u76ee\u7f16\u53f704JJD790002\uff09\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u611f\u8c22Lee Benham\u3001Daniel Bromley\u3001Michael Carter\u3001Oded Galor\u3001Yukon Huang \u3001Phillip Keefer\u3001John Knight \u3001Gerard Padro-I-Miquel \u3001Debraj Ray\u3001MaryShirley 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\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\uff1a\u793e\u4f1a\u5e73\u7b49\uff1b\u4e2d\u6027\u653f\u5e9c\uff1b\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u4e00\u3001\u5f15\u8a00 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u516d\u5341\u4f59\u5e74\uff0c\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u7531\u8870\u843d\u8d70\u5411\u590d\u5174\u7684\u65f6\u671f\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e09\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u56fd\u7684\u5e74\u5747\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u7387\u8fbe\u52309.7%\uff08\u56fd\u5bb6\u7edf\u8ba1\u5c40\uff0c2010\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u4e8c\u6218\u540e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5e73\u5747\u589e\u957f\u7387\u6301\u7eed30\u5e74\u57287%\u6c34\u5e73\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u5341\u4e09\u4e2a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u4e4b\u4e00\uff08The Growth Commission \uff0c2008\uff09\uff0c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u5947\u8ff9\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4e3a\u8fc7\u3002\u5728\u7eaf\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6210\u5c31\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u5316\u6539\u9769\u4ee5\u53ca\u91c7\u7eb3\u4e86\u7b26\u5408\u6807\u51c6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u836f\u65b9\uff08Perkins \uff0c2004\uff09\u3002 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government\uff09\uff0c\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4e0d\u957f\u671f\u504f\u5411\u67d0\u4e2a\uff08\u4e9b\uff09\u793e\u4f1a\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u3002\u4e2d\u6027\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u662f\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u7fa4\u4f53\u6beb\u65e0\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u5236\u5b9a\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4e0d\u63ba\u6742\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u8bc9\u6c42\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4e2d\u6027\u653f\u5e9c\u662f\u81ea\u5229\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u7fa4\u4f53\u91c7\u53d6\u63a0\u593a\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5b83\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u975e\u751f\u4ea7\u6027\u7279\u6027\u65e0\u5173\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5b83\u91c7\u53d6\u4e2d\u6027\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5b83\u7684\u4e2d\u6027\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u5236\u5b9a\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u53d7\u793e\u4f1a\u5229\u76ca\u96c6\u56e2\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u653e\u5f00\u624b\u811a\u628a\u8d44\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u90a3\u4e9b\u6700\u5177\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u3002 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