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75d\u4e4b\u4e89\u51e0\u4e4e\u53c8\u662f\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6495\u88c2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u65b9\u821f\u5b50\u8ba4\u4e3a\u592a\u591a\u7684\u4f2a\u73af\u4fdd\u5206\u5b50\u548c\u5a92\u4f53\u4e3b\u5bfc\u4e86\u516c\u5171\u8206\u8bba\uff0c\u5927\u6279\u8bb0\u8005\u88ab\u4ed6\u8d34\u4e0a\u201c\u9020\u8c23\u201d\u548c\u201c\u6b3a\u8bc8\u201d\u7684\u6807\u7b7e\u653e\u5230\u65b0\u8bed\u4e1d\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e0a\u793a\u4f17\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e5f\u6b63\u662f\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u65b9\u821f\u5b50\u4e0e\u4f17\u591a\u6b64\u524d\u6709\u8fc7\u4eb2\u5bc6\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u5a92\u4f53\u51b3\u88c2\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u62a5\u9053\u6709\u4e8b\u5b9e\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u4e0e\u4ed6\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u76f8\u5de6\uff0c\u90fd\u6781\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u8d34\u4e0a\u201c\u9020\u8c23\u201d\u7c7b\u6807\u7b7e\u3002\u65b9\u821f\u5b50\u5728\u65b0\u8bed\u4e1d\u4e0a\u5e72\u8106\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u201c\u4e0d\u826f\u5a92\u4f53\u201d\u540d\u5355\uff0c\u8fd9\u4efd\u540d\u5355\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u957f\uff0c\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u540d\u5355\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u4f17\u591a\u7684\u8457\u540d\u5a92\u4f53\u4e0e\u5a92\u4f53\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2009\u5e74\u7684\u90a3\u6b21\u90ae\u4ef6\u91c7\u8bbf\u4e2d\uff0c\u65b9\u821f\u5b50\u5bf9\u633a\u575d\u6d3e\u7684\u6587\u98ce\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8fa9\u62a4\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u667a\u969c\u201d\u3001\u201c\u65e0\u77e5\u65e0\u803b\u201d\u3001\u201c\u8111\u5b50\u4e0d\u597d\u4f7f\u201d\u3001\u201c\u6d3b\u5b9d\u201d\u8fd9\u7c7b\u7528\u8bed\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u6781\u4e3a\u5e38\u89c1\uff0c\u201c\u7ecf\u5e38\u9605\u8bfb\u7f51\u6587\u7684\u4eba\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u4f1a\u5bf9\u6b64\u89c9\u5f97\u60ca\u8bb6\u201d\u3002\u65b9\u821f\u5b50\u7684\u56de\u4fe1\u8ba9\u4eba\u60f3\u8d77\u4ed6\u65e9\u5e74\u5728ACT\u4e0a\u906d\u53d7\u7684\u8c29\u9a82\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u65b9\u821f\u5b50\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u4f1a\u6301\u540c\u6837\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u9ec4\u7ae0\u664b\u66fe\u7ecf\u5728\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\uff1a\u201c\u9053\u5fb7\u6279\u5224\u662f\u79cd\u4e07\u80fd\u800c\u53ef\u7591\u7684\u6b66\u5668\u3002\u4e0d\u80fd\u5426\u8ba4\u9053\u5fb7\u6279\u5224\u5728\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6279\u5224\u4e0a\u4ecd\u6709\u5176\u79ef\u6781\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u4f46\u628a\u5b83\u7528\u5728\u5bf9\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u6279\u5224\u4e0a\uff0c\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u5c31\u53d8\u5f97\u8352\u8c2c\u800c\u53ef\u7b11\u2026\u2026\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5bf9\u65b9\u821f\u5b50\u7684\u6279\u5224\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u5176\u9053\u5fb7\u3001\u6027\u683c\u4e0a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ece\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u6280\u672f\u624b\u6bb5\u4e0a\u8981\u5b8c\u6210\u5bf9\u65b9\u821f\u5b50\u7684\u6279\u9a73\u662f\u4ee4\u4eba\u7edd\u671b\u7684\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u5f88\u591a\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u9ec4\u7ae0\u664b\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bba\u65ad\u662f\u6709\u8bf4\u670d\u529b\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5728\u5f88\u957f\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u8f7b\u6613\u5730\u504f\u4fe1\u4e86\u6253\u5047\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\u6253\u5047\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u65b9\uff0c\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u5728\u6280\u672f\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u6df1\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2006\u5e74\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u56db\u5ddd\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u9b4f\u4e8e\u5168\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u5c31\u66fe\u7ecf\u5728\u56fd\u5185\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u5f15\u8d77\u8f69\u7136\u5927\u6ce2\u3002\u800c\u4f20\u5a92\u5708\u4e2d\u62a5\u9053\u6b64\u4e8b\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u57fa\u4e8e\u65b9\u821f\u5b50\u4ee5\u5f80\u7684\u6253\u5047\u4fe1\u8a89\u7ad9\u5728\u4e86\u8d28\u7591\u7684\u4e00\u8fb9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6848\u4f8b\u81f3\u4eca\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u65b9\u821f\u5b50\u6253\u5047\u7684\u6210\u529f\u6848\u4f8b\u60ac\u6302\u5728\u65b0\u8bed\u4e1d\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e0a\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5b83\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u8d28\u7591\u662f\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u300a\u81ea\u7136\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u4ee5\u300a\u793a\u4f17\u300b\uff08Named and Shamed\uff09\u4e3a\u6807\u9898\u6765\u53d9\u8ff0\u65b9\u821f\u5b50\u7684\u8fd9\u6b21\u6253\u5047\uff0c\u6587\u7ae0\u5f00\u7bc7\u7b2c\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u6709\u7740\u88ab\u4e00\u628a\u53cc\u5203\u5251\u5207\u5272\u7684\u5371\u9669\uff1a\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u7316\u7357\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0d\u7aef\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u865a\u5047\u6307\u63a7\u7684\u8feb\u5bb3\u3002\u201d\u7f8e\u56fd\u8036\u9c81\u5927\u5b66\u533b\u5b66\u9662\u534e\u88d4\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5085\u65b0\u5143\u7275\u5934\u7684120\u4f4d\u534e\u4eba\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e00\u540c\u66ff\u9b4f\u4e8e\u5168\u8054\u7f72\u558a\u51a4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u547d\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u9662\u957f\u9976\u6bc5\u5728\u4e00\u7bc7\u7ed9\u65b9\u821f\u5b50\u63d0\u5efa\u8bae\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u540c\u6837\u63d0\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u56db\u5ddd\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u9b4f\u4e8e\u5168\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u4eba\u6709\u5fae\u8bcd\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u7684Nature Medicine\uff08\u300a\u81ea\u7136\u533b\u5b66\u300b\uff09\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u6709\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5f88\u4e25\u8083\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0a\u4e2a\u6708\uff0c\u64b0\u5199\u300a\u793a\u4f17\u300b\u7684\u8bb0\u8005David Cyranoski\u5728\u56de\u590d\u5357\u65b9\u5468\u672b\u8bb0\u8005\u7684\u91c7\u8bbf\u90ae\u4ef6\u4e2d\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u88ab\u5904\u7406\u5f97\u597d\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u573a\u5b66\u672f\u4e89\u8bba\u3002\u4f46\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6709\u6548\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u624b\u6bb5\uff1b\u4e3e\u62a5\u8005\u5b81\u613f\u5728\u7f51\u4e0a\u53d1\u8d77\u6307\u63a7\u4e5f\u4e0d\u901a\u8fc7\u5b98\u65b9\u6e20\u9053\uff1b\u9b4f\u4e8e\u5168\u4e0d\u613f\u516c\u5f00\u6570\u636e\uff1b\u5927\u5b66\u5bf9\u6b64\u4e8b\u7684\u65e0\u6240\u8c13\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd9\u90fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u73b0\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u7ed3\u5c40\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u5b66\u672f\u8303\u7574\u5185\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u65e0\u6cd5\u516c\u5f00\u8ba8\u8bba\u5c31\u4f1a\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u79cd\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4f1a\u628a\u6307\u63a7\u5b66\u672f\u4e0d\u7aef\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6253\u51fb\u7ade\u4e89\u8005\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf1970\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>David Cyranoski\u66fe\u7ecf\u627e\u8fc7\u9976\u6bc5\uff0c\u9976\u6bc5\u4e13\u95e8\u8bf7\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u514d\u75ab\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\u5168\u6587\u901a\u8bfb\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u800c\u4e13\u5bb6\u8bf4\u4ece\u8bba\u6587\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u80fd\u53d1\u73b0\u9020\u5047\u3002\u201c\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u533f\u540d\u6279\u4ed6\u5c31\u4e0d\u59a5\u3002\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u6bd4\u8f83\u786e\u51ff\u8bc1\u636e\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u3002\u201d\u9976\u6bc5\u5728\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u8bf4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u65b0\u8bed\u4e1d\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e0a\u81f3\u4eca\u4f9d\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u8d77\u6253\u5047\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u65b9\u821f\u5b50\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e86\u300a\u81ea\u7136\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u4f46\u6807\u9898\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6d41\u884c\u6307\u63a7\u5b66\u672f\u9020\u5047\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u62c5\u5fc3\u6587\u9769\u5f0f\u8feb\u5bb3\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u539f\u6587\u4e2d\u6709\u8fd9\u4e48\u4e24\u53e5\u8bdd\uff1a\u201c\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e0a\u5b66\u672f\u9020\u5047\u7684\u6307\u63a7\u8ba9\u4eba\u8054\u60f3\u52301970\u5e74\u4ee3\u6279\u6597\u653f\u654c\u7684\u5927\u5b57\u62a5\u3002\u201d\u201c\u5728\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e09\u8d77\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u4f17\u591a\u8bfb\u8005\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u7f51\u7ad9\u65b0\u8bed\u4e1d\u5bf9\u52a0\u5f3a\u516c\u4f17\u8206\u8bba\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u5173\u952e\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u8be5\u7f51\u7ad9\u5728\u63ed\u9732\u4e2d\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u9020\u5047\u65b9\u9762\u4eab\u6709\u58f0\u8a89\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u65b9\u821f\u5b50\u8f6c\u8f7d\u5230\u65b0\u8bed\u4e1d\u7684\u7248\u672c\u4e2d\uff0c\u524d\u4e00\u53e5\u6d88\u5931\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>David 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