{"id":243654,"date":"2012-07-29T07:45:34","date_gmt":"2012-07-29T14:45:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/2012\/07\/%e5%a2%99%e5%a4%96%e6%a5%bc-%e7%ba%bd%e7%ba%a6%e6%97%b6%e6%8a%a5%ef%bc%9a%e8%b0%b7%e5%bc%80%e6%9d%a5%e7%9a%84%e5%85%89%e8%8a%92%e7%9d%80%e5%ae%9e%e6%98%be%e5%be%97%e5%a4%aa%e8%bf%87%e8%80%80\/"},"modified":"2012-08-01T13:08:47","modified_gmt":"2012-08-01T20:08:47","slug":"%e5%a2%99%e5%a4%96%e6%a5%bc-%e7%ba%bd%e7%ba%a6%e6%97%b6%e6%8a%a5%ef%bc%9a%e8%b0%b7%e5%bc%80%e6%9d%a5%e7%9a%84%e5%85%89%e8%8a%92%e7%9d%80%e5%ae%9e%e6%98%be%e5%be%97%e5%a4%aa%e8%bf%87%e8%80%80","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/243654.html","title":{"rendered":"\u5899\u5916\u697c | \u7ebd\u7ea6\u65f6\u62a5\uff1a\u8c37\u5f00\u6765\u7684\u5149\u8292\u7740\u5b9e\u663e\u5f97\u592a\u8fc7\u8000\u773c"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u4eec\u66f4\u5e0c\u671b\u653f\u6cbb\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\u662f\u5e73\u6de1\u65e0\u5947\u7684\u9970\u54c1\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u8c37\u5f00\u6765\u7684\u5149\u8292\u7740\u5b9e\u663e\u5f97\u592a\u8fc7\u8000\u773c\u3002\u5728\u5ac1\u7ed9\u8584\u7199\u6765\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5979\u6beb\u4e0d\u63a9\u9970\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u91ce\u5fc3\u548c\u81ea\u6211\u8868\u73b0\u7684\u6b32\u671b\u3002\u66fe\u4efb\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u59d4\u5458\u7684\u8584\u7199\u6765\u4eca\u5e74\u5e74\u521d\u88ab\u7f62\u9edc\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u8ba9\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u9707\u52a8\u4e0d\u5df2\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8c37\u5f00\u6765\u662f\u4e00\u540d\u5bcc\u4e8e\u5f00\u521b\u6027\u7684\u5f8b\u5e08\uff0c\u80fd\u8bf4\u4e00\u53e3\u6d41\u5229\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u3002\u5979\u7684\u5d07\u62dc\u8005\u5c06\u5979\u5439\u6367\u6210\u4e2d\u56fd\u7248\u7684\u6770\u594e\u7433\u2022\u5965\u7eb3\u897f\u65af(Jacqueline Onassis)\uff08\u8bd1\u6ce8\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u7ea6\u7ff0\u2022\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\u7684\u592b\u4eba\uff0c1963\u5e74\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\u9047\u523a\u8eab\u4ea1\u4e94\u5e74\u540e\u5ac1\u7ed9\u5e0c\u814a\u8239\u738b\u5965\u7eb3\u897f\u65af\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

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53\u5c81\u7684\u8c37\u5f00\u6765\u88ab\u63a7\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u5546\u4eba\u9047\u5bb3\u6848\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u867d\u7136\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u6765\u53cd\u9a73\u5b98\u65b9\u7684\u9648\u8ff0\uff0c\u4f46\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u8fd8\u662f\u6000\u7591\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5728\u5229\u7528\u8c37\u5f00\u6765\u7684\u6848\u5b50\u8f6c\u79fb\u516c\u4f17\u5bf9\u6b64\u7c7b\u8150\u8d25\u548c\u6ee5\u6743\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u53cd\u611f\u3002\u6279\u8bc4\u5bb6\u79f0\uff0c\u5979\u7684\u4e08\u592b\u8584\u7199\u6765\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u7c7b\u4f3c\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u3002\u81ea\u53bb\u5e744\u6708\u8584\u7199\u6765\u88ab\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u505c\u804c\u540e\uff0c\u574a\u95f4\u5c31\u5168\u65e0\u4ed6\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u3002\u4e2d\u5171\u4e3a\u515a\u5185\u7cbe\u82f1\u6253\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u4e0e\u73b0\u884c\u53f8\u6cd5\u4f53\u7cfb\u5e76\u884c\u7684\u515a\u7eaa\u76d1\u5bdf\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\uff0c\u8584\u7199\u6765\u4ecd\u5904\u5728\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u62d8\u7981\u4e4b\u4e0b\u3002\u5f53\u5c40\u5728\u4e00\u6761\u7b80\u77ed\u7684\u901a\u544a\u4e2d\u5ba3\u5e03\u4e86\u5bf9\u5176\u59bb\u5b50\u7684\u5ba1\u5224\u51b3\u8bae\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u672a\u63d0\u53ca\u4ed6\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u201c\u7eb5\u89c2\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u4f55\u65f6\u51fa\u73b0\u653f\u6cbb\u6597\u4e89\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u54ea\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u57ae\u53f0\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u602a\u7f6a\u7684\u603b\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\u3002\u201d\u65f6\u5c1a\u6742\u5fd7\u51fa\u7248\u4eba\u6d2a\u6643(Hung Huang)\u8bf4\u3002\u6d2a\u6643\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\u662f\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u66fe\u7ecf\u7684\u82f1\u8bed\u6559\u5e08\uff0c\u66fe\u56e0\u88ab\u63a7\u548c\u56db\u4eba\u5e2e(Gang of Four)\u76f8\u52fe\u7ed3\u800c\u906d\u5230\u4e24\u5e74\u8f6f\u7981\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u5f53\u4e2d\u4ece\u4e0d\u7f3a\u5c11\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u2014\u2014\u72e1\u9ee0\u7684\u5973\u6027\u5728\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u91ce\u5fc3\u9a71\u4f7f\u4e4b\u4e0b\u8d70\u5411\u6bc1\u706d\u4e4b\u8def\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u8fd8\u4f1a\u6bc1\u6389\u5979\u4eec\u751f\u547d\u4e2d\u7684\u7537\u6027\u3002\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\u6c5f\u9752\u627f\u62c5\u4e8610\u5e74\u6587\u9769\u707e\u96be\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bba\u70b9\u88ab\u4e00\u6b21\u9707\u60ca\u5168\u56fd\u7684\u7535\u89c6\u516c\u5ba1\u9610\u8ff0\u5f97\u6dcb\u6f13\u5c3d\u81f4\u3002\u5c31\u8fde\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5b66\u7ae5\u90fd\u80fd\u968f\u53e3\u8be6\u8ff0\u6148\u79a7\u592a\u540e(Empress Dowager Cixi)\u7684\u7f6a\u884c\u3002\u6148\u79a7\u88ab\u523b\u753b\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d2a\u5a6a\u55dc\u6740\u7684\u9886\u8896\uff0c\u5979\u7684\u9634\u8c0b\u8be1\u8ba1\u4fc3\u6210\u4e86\u5927\u6e05\u738b\u671d\u7684\u5d29\u6e83\u3002<\/p>\n

\u76ee\u524d\u5c1a\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u8584\u7199\u6765\u662f\u5426\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u5c3c\u5c14\u2022\u6d77\u4f0d\u5fb7(Neil Heywood)\u4e4b\u6b7b\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u4e86\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u7684\u524d\u516c\u5b89\u5c40\u5c40\u957f\u738b\u7acb\u519b\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u544a\u8bc9\u5f53\u5c40\uff0c\u4ed6\u66fe\u8bd5\u56fe\u963b\u788d\u8c03\u67e5\u7684\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u6709\u5173\u8584\u7199\u6765\u6700\u7ec8\u547d\u8fd0\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u53ef\u80fd\u5f88\u5feb\u4f20\u6765\uff0c\u4f46\u8d77\u8bc9\u58f0\u660e\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u5230\u4ed6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u5b97\u4e11\u95fb\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u5927\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u7275\u6d89\u8fdb\u8c0b\u6740\u6848\u4e00\u4e8b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e00\u822c\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u68c0\u65b9\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u540c\u4e00\u6b7b\u4ea1\u6848\u4ef6\u7684\u88ab\u544a\u5206\u5f00\u5ba1\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u7814\u7a76\u4e13\u5bb6\u8c22\u6dd1\u4e3d(Susan L. Shirk)\u8bf4\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u5230\u8584\u7199\u6765\u5f88\u53d7\u90e8\u5206\u666e\u901a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u6b22\u8fce\uff0c\u5e76\u53d7\u5230\u9886\u5bfc\u5c42\u4e2d\u67d0\u4e9b\u5b9e\u6743\u6d3e\u7684\u9752\u7750\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u5b98\u5458\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u6307\u63a7\u4ed6\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e86\u63a9\u76d6\u8c0b\u6740\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n

\u201c\u5728\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6848\u5b50\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u7ef4\u62a4\u8584\u7199\u6765\u7684\u540d\u8a89\u3002\u201d\u8c22\u6dd1\u4e3d\u8bf4\u3002\u8c22\u6dd1\u4e3d\u66fe\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u52a1\u9662(State Department)\u5b98\u5458\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u5723\u5730\u4e9a\u54e5\u5206\u6821(University of California, San Diego)\u6267\u6559\u3002\u5979\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u60f3\u628a\u7cbe\u82f1\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5bb6\u4e11\u516c\u8bf8\u4e8e\u4e16\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u771f\u7684\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u8584\u7199\u6765\u7684\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u4f1a\u6784\u6210\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u5a01\u80c1\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u5b98\u65b9\u5a92\u4f53\u65b0\u534e\u901a\u8baf\u793e(Xinhua news agency)\u5468\u56db\u665a\u95f4\u900f\u9732\uff0c \u8c37\u5f00\u6765\u5c06\u548c\u8584\u5bb6\u96c7\u4f63\u7684\u4e00\u540d\u52a9\u624b\u4e00\u8d77\u63a5\u53d7\u5e38\u89c4\u7684\u5f00\u5ead\u5ba1\u5224\u3002\u4e8c\u4eba\u88ab\u63a7\u8c0b\u6740\u4e8641\u5c81\u7684\u6d77\u4f0d\u5fb7\u3002\u53bb\u5e7411\u6708\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u91cd\u5e86\u7684\u4e00\u5bb6\u9152\u5e97\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u5c38\u4f53\u3002\u57ae\u53f0\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8584\u7199\u6765\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u84ec\u52c3\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u91cd\u5e86\u5e02\u4e3b\u653f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u201c\u4e8c\u88ab\u544a\u4eba\u72af\u7f6a\u4e8b\u5b9e\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u8bc1\u636e\u786e\u5b9e\u3001\u5145\u5206\uff0c\u201d\u65b0\u534e\u793e\u901a\u544a\u79f0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5ba1\u5224\u5c06\u5728\u8ddd\u79bb\u91cd\u5e86\u7ea61300\u516c\u91cc\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u57ce\u5e02\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6cd5\u5ead\u5e76\u672a\u51b3\u5b9a\u5ba1\u5224\u7684\u65e5\u671f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7f6a\u540d\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u8c37\u5f00\u6765\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u5224\u5904\u6b7b\u5211\u3002 \u4f46\u5927\u591a\u6570\u515a\u5185\u6d88\u606f\u4eba\u58eb\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u5979\u66f4\u53ef\u80fd\u53bb\u5750\u7262\u3002<\/p>\n

\u65b0\u534e\u793e\u7684\u901a\u544a\u91cd\u590d\u4e86\u65e9\u4e9b\u65f6\u5019\u5bf9\u8c37\u5f00\u6765\u7684\u6307\u63a7\uff0c\u628a\u6d77\u4f0d\u5fb7\u4e4b\u6b7b\u548c\u201c\u56e0\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5229\u76ca\u53d1\u751f\u77db\u76fe\u201d\u8054\u7cfb\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u901a\u544a\u91cc\u8fd8\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u4e24\u6761\u65b0\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u786e\u8ba4\u4e86\u6d77\u4f0d\u5fb7\u66fe\u88ab\u4e0b\u6bd2\uff0c\u4e8c\u662f\u6307\u51fa\u8c37\u5f00\u6765\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u52a8\u673a\u662f\u4fdd\u62a4\u5176\u5b50\u8584\u74dc\u74dc\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u521a\u521a\u4ece\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66(Harvard)\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\u653f\u5e9c\u5b66\u9662(John F. Kennedy School of Government)\u6bd5\u4e1a\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u5c1a\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u8584\u74dc\u74dc\u5e72\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u5bfc\u81f4\u4ed6\u9700\u8981\u9632\u5907\u6d77\u4f0d\u5fb7\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u901a\u544a\u7279\u610f\u7565\u53bb\u4e86\u8584\u74dc\u74dc\u7684\u5168\u540d\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u68c0\u65b9\u5df2\u7ecf\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e0d\u628a\u4ed6\u62c9\u8fdb\u6b64\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7f6a\u8d23\u4f3c\u4e4e\u90fd\u843d\u5230\u4e86\u8c37\u5f00\u6765\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\u3002\u5979\u5728\u6307\u63a7\u4e2d\u88ab\u79f0\u4f5c \u201c\u8584\u8c37\u5f00\u6765\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u5979\u7684\u59d3\u540d\u548c\u4ed6\u4e08\u592b\u7684\u59d3\u6c0f\u7ec4\u5408\u800c\u6210\u7684\u79f0\u8c13\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u5206\u6790\u4eba\u58eb\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7ec4\u5408\u79f0\u8c13\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fc7\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u6d77\u5916\u534e\u4eba\u6709\u65f6\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u79f0\u8c13\u3002\u5b98\u65b9\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u79f0\u8c13\uff0c\u6697\u793a\u8c37\u5f00\u6765\u62e5\u6709\u6216\u66fe\u7ecf\u62e5\u6709\u5916\u56fd\u5c45\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u800c\u62e5\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u8fdd\u53cd\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5b98\u5458\u53ca\u5176\u5bb6\u4eba\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5979\u8fd8\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u62a8\u51fb\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u533a\u7684\u65b0\u95fb\u62a5\u9053\u7ecf\u5e38\u79f0\u5979\u662f\u8584\u7199\u6765\u7684\u770b\u95e8\u4eba\uff0c\u8bf4\u5979\u805a\u655b\u4e86\u5de8\u989d\u8d22\u5bcc\u3002\u5979\u66fe\u5728\u56fd\u5916\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u5e76\u56e0\u9080\u8bf7\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u8fdb\u5165\u8584\u5bb6\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5708\u5b50\u800c\u6253\u7834\u4e86\u5b98\u573a\u7684\u6f5c\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5176\u4e2d\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u540d\u53eb\u5e15\u7279\u91cc\u514b\u2022\u4ea8\u5229\u2022\u5fb7\u7ef4\u83b1\u5c14(Patrick Henri Devillers)\u7684\u6cd5\u56fd\u5efa\u7b51\u5e08\uff0c\u66fe\u5728\u8584\u7199\u6765\u4efb\u5927\u8fde\u5e02\u957f\u671f\u95f4\u4e3a\u8584\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6388\u610f\u4e0b\uff0c\u5fb7\u7ef4\u83b1\u5c14\u5728\u67ec\u57d4\u5be8\u906d\u5230\u902e\u6355\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e\u4e0a\u5468\u62b5\u8fbe\u5317\u4eac\u3002\u4ed6\u58f0\u79f0\u81ea\u5df1\u56de\u5230\u5317\u4eac\u7eaf\u5c5e\u81ea\u613f\uff0c\u5e76\u544a\u8bc9\u6cd5\u56fd\u5b98\u5458\uff0c\u4ed6\u6b63\u5728\u534f\u52a9\u8c03\u67e5\u8c37\u5f00\u6765\u4e00\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8584\u5bb6\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u6700\u5bcc\u4f20\u5947\u8272\u5f69\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u6d77\u4f0d\u5fb7\u548c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4f9d\u65e7\u6a21\u7173\u4e0d\u6e05\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6d41\u8a00\u871a\u8bed\u548c\u542b\u6c99\u5c04\u5f71\u7684\u5c0f\u9053\u6d88\u606f\u90fd\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6bb5\u5173\u7cfb\u4e3a\u4e3b\u9898\u3002\u4f46\u670b\u53cb\u4eec\u8bf4\uff0c\u6d77\u4f0d\u5fb7\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\u9047\u89c1\u8584\u7199\u6765\u548c\u8c37\u5f00\u6765\u592b\u5987\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u53c8\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e8c\u4eba\u5b89\u6392\u5176\u5b50\u524d\u5f80\u82f1\u56fd\u4e2d\u5b66\u5c31\u8bfb\u3002\u4e86\u89e3\u515a\u5185\u8c03\u67e5\u5185\u5e55\u7684\u4eba\u58eb\u79f0\uff0c\u6d77\u4f0d\u5fb7\u8fd8\u6d89\u5acc\u534f\u52a9\u8584\u5bb6\u5c06\u975e\u6cd5\u8d44\u4ea7\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u6d77\u5916\u3002<\/p>\n

\u548c\u4e08\u592b\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u8c37\u5f00\u6765\u4e5f\u662f\u9769\u547d\u82f1\u96c4\u7684\u540e\u4ee3\uff1b\u8ddf\u5176\u4ed6\u8bb8\u591a\u201c\u592a\u5b50\u515a\u201d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5979\u5728\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547d\u65f6\u4ee3\u4e5f\u6709\u8fc7\u4e00\u6bb5\u8270\u8f9b\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u3002\u6839\u636e\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u5a92\u4f53\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u5979\u7684\u5bb6\u4eba\u53d7\u5230\u76d1\u7981\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5979\u88ab\u8feb\u81ea\u98df\u5176\u529b\uff0c\u66fe\u5f53\u8fc7\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u5c60\u592b\u548c\u7816\u74e6\u5320\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c20\u4e16\u7eaa70\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\uff0c\u5979\u6210\u4e3a\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u901d\u4e16\u4e4b\u540e\u88ab\u5f55\u53d6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6279\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u5458\u3002<\/p>\n

\u201c\u52c7\u6c14\u6bd4\u667a\u6167\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u201d \u5979\u5728\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\u91cc\u8fd9\u6837\u5199\u9053\u3002\u90a3\u672c\u4e66\u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u5979\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u6cd5\u5ead\u6253\u8d62\u4e00\u573a\u8d54\u507f\u91d1\u989d\u8fbe100\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u5b98\u53f8\u3002\u90a3\u672c\u4e66\u8f70\u52a8\u4e00\u65f6\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4ee5\u8be5\u4e66\u4e3a\u84dd\u672c\u521b\u4f5c\u7684\u7535\u89c6\u5267\u4e5f\u5f88\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\uff0c\u5267\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u89d2\u2014\u4e00\u4e00\u4f4d\u673a\u667a\u654f\u6377\u3001\u76f8\u8c8c\u6807\u81f4\u7684\u53f8\u6cd5\u6597\u58eb\u2014\u2014\u6b63\u662f\u4ee5\u8c37\u5f00\u6765\u4e3a\u539f\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u5979\u4e08\u592b\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u8584\u7199\u6765\u540e\u6765\u6210\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5546\u52a1\u90e8\u90e8\u957f\uff09\uff0c\u8c37\u5f00\u6765\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5f00\u5c55\u5f97\u5982\u65e5\u4e2d\u5929\u3002<\/p>\n

\u201c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u5927\u8fde\u7684\u7687\u5ba4\uff0c\u201d\u7f8e\u56fd\u5f8b\u5e08\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u2022O\u2022\u4f2f\u6069(Edward O. Byrne)\u8bc4\u4ef7\u8bf4\u30021997\u5e74\uff0c\u4f2f\u6069\u66fe\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u534f\u52a9\u8c37\u5f00\u6765\u5904\u7406\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8bc9\u8bbc\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u53c8\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u548c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u592b\u5987\u76f8\u5904\u8fc7\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4eba\u628a\u4ed6\u4eec\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\u592b\u5987\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u6839\u636e\u666e\u904d\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u8c37\u5f00\u6765\u51e0\u4e4e\u628a\u6574\u4e2a\u8eab\u5fc3\u90fd\u653e\u5728\u4e86\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u8584\u74dc\u74dc\u8eab\u4e0a\u30021998\u5e74\uff0c\u5979\u966a\u4f34\u8584\u74dc\u74dc\u6765\u5230\u82f1\u56fd\u3002\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\uff0c\u8584\u74dc\u74dc\u5c31\u8bfb\u4e8e\u4e00\u6240\u79c1\u4eba\u9884\u79d1\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u8f6c\u5230\u7cbe\u82f1\u5b66\u6821\u54c8\u7f57\u516c\u5b66(Harrow School)\uff0c\u8fd9\u6240\u5b66\u6821\u4e5f\u662f\u6d77\u4f0d\u5fb7\u7684\u6bcd\u6821\u3002\u636e\u6d77\u4f0d\u5fb7\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u4eec\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u54c8\u7f57\u516c\u5b66\u5f55\u53d6\u8584\u74dc\u74dc\u4e00\u4e8b\u4e0a\uff0c\u6d77\u4f0d\u5fb7\u529f\u4e0d\u53ef\u6ca1\u3002\u54c8\u7f57\u516c\u5b66\u6bcf\u5e74\u7684\u5b66\u8d39\u7ea6\u54085.5\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u8c37\u5f00\u6765\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u5446\u4e86\u4e24\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5979\u4e00\u76f4\u4f7f\u7528\u57c3\u53ca\u6218\u795e\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u79f0\u547c\u81ea\u5df1\u4e3a\u4f55\u9732\u65af(Horus)\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5979\u5728\u6d77\u6ee8\u5ea6\u5047\u5c0f\u57ce\u4f2f\u6069\u8305\u65af(Bournemouth)\u9017\u7559\u671f\u95f4\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u56de\u5fc6\u8bf4\uff0c\u5979\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5145\u6ee1\u795e\u79d8\u6c14\u8d28\u7684\u5546\u4eba\uff0c\u9189\u5fc3\u4e8e\u9ad8\u6863\u9152\u5e97\u548c\u73e0\u5b9d\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u5f62\u5bb9\u5979\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8c26\u900a\u4f4e\u8c03\u7684\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5979\u5728\u4f2f\u6069\u8305\u65af\u5c45\u4f4f\u65f6\u7684\u623f\u4e1c\u7406\u67e5\u5fb7\u2022\u65af\u5854\u5229(Richard Starley)\u79f0\uff0c\u8c37\u5f00\u6765\u5e38\u5e38\u4e00\u8fb9\u559d\u5496\u5561\uff0c\u4e00\u8fb9\u548c\u4ed6\u7ec3\u4e60\u82f1\u6587\u3002\u201c\u5979\u662f\u4f60\u6240\u80fd\u9047\u89c1\u7684\u6700\u548c\u853c\u53ef\u4eb2\u7684\u5973\u58eb\uff0c\u201d\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u6211\u60f3\u5979\u8fde\u82cd\u8747\u90fd\u4e0d\u5fcd\u4f24\u5bb3\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u672c\u6587\u7531\u81ea\u52a8\u805a\u5408\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53d6\u81ea\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u548c\u89c2\u70b9\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u6570\u5b57\u65f6\u4ee3\u7acb\u573a<\/small><\/p>\n

\n\u5b9a\u671f\u83b7\u5f97\u7ffb\u5899\u4fe1\u606f\uff1f\u8bf7\u7535\u90ae\u8ba2\u9605\u6570\u5b57\u65f6\u4ee3<\/a>
\n

\n\t
\n<\/form>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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\u201c\u7eb5\u89c2\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u4f55\u65f6\u51fa\u73b0\u653f\u6cbb\u6597\u4e89\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u54ea\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u57ae\u53f0\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u602a\u7f6a\u7684\u603b\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\u3002\u201d\u65f6\u5c1a\u6742\u5fd7\u51fa\u7248\u4eba\u6d2a\u6643(Hung Huang)\u8bf4\u3002\u6d2a\u6643\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\u662f\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u66fe\u7ecf\u7684\u82f1\u8bed\u6559\u5e08\uff0c\u66fe\u56e0\u88ab\u63a7\u548c\u56db\u4eba\u5e2e(Gang of Four)\u76f8\u52fe\u7ed3\u800c\u906d\u5230\u4e24\u5e74\u8f6f\u7981\u3002 \u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u5f53\u4e2d\u4ece\u4e0d\u7f3a\u5c11\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u2014\u2014\u72e1\u9ee0\u7684\u5973\u6027\u5728\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u91ce\u5fc3\u9a71\u4f7f\u4e4b\u4e0b\u8d70\u5411\u6bc1\u706d\u4e4b\u8def\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u8fd8\u4f1a\u6bc1\u6389\u5979\u4eec\u751f\u547d\u4e2d\u7684\u7537\u6027\u3002\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\u6c5f\u9752\u627f\u62c5\u4e8610\u5e74\u6587\u9769\u707e\u96be\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bba\u70b9\u88ab\u4e00\u6b21\u9707\u60ca\u5168\u56fd\u7684\u7535\u89c6\u516c\u5ba1\u9610\u8ff0\u5f97\u6dcb\u6f13\u5c3d\u81f4\u3002\u5c31\u8fde\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5b66\u7ae5\u90fd\u80fd\u968f\u53e3\u8be6\u8ff0\u6148\u79a7\u592a\u540e(Empress Dowager Cixi)\u7684\u7f6a\u884c\u3002\u6148\u79a7\u88ab\u523b\u753b\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d2a\u5a6a\u55dc\u6740\u7684\u9886\u8896\uff0c\u5979\u7684\u9634\u8c0b\u8be1\u8ba1\u4fc3\u6210\u4e86\u5927\u6e05\u738b\u671d\u7684\u5d29\u6e83\u3002 \u76ee\u524d\u5c1a\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u8584\u7199\u6765\u662f\u5426\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u5c3c\u5c14\u2022\u6d77\u4f0d\u5fb7(Neil Heywood)\u4e4b\u6b7b\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u4e86\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u7684\u524d\u516c\u5b89\u5c40\u5c40\u957f\u738b\u7acb\u519b\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u544a\u8bc9\u5f53\u5c40\uff0c\u4ed6\u66fe\u8bd5\u56fe\u963b\u788d\u8c03\u67e5\u7684\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u6709\u5173\u8584\u7199\u6765\u6700\u7ec8\u547d\u8fd0\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u53ef\u80fd\u5f88\u5feb\u4f20\u6765\uff0c\u4f46\u8d77\u8bc9\u58f0\u660e\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u5230\u4ed6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u5b97\u4e11\u95fb\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u5927\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u7275\u6d89\u8fdb\u8c0b\u6740\u6848\u4e00\u4e8b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e00\u822c\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u68c0\u65b9\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u540c\u4e00\u6b7b\u4ea1\u6848\u4ef6\u7684\u88ab\u544a\u5206\u5f00\u5ba1\u7406\u3002 \u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u7814\u7a76\u4e13\u5bb6\u8c22\u6dd1\u4e3d(Susan L. Shirk)\u8bf4\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u5230\u8584\u7199\u6765\u5f88\u53d7\u90e8\u5206\u666e\u901a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u6b22\u8fce\uff0c\u5e76\u53d7\u5230\u9886\u5bfc\u5c42\u4e2d\u67d0\u4e9b\u5b9e\u6743\u6d3e\u7684\u9752\u7750\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u5b98\u5458\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u6307\u63a7\u4ed6\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e86\u63a9\u76d6\u8c0b\u6740\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u3002 \u201c\u5728\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6848\u5b50\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u7ef4\u62a4\u8584\u7199\u6765\u7684\u540d\u8a89\u3002\u201d\u8c22\u6dd1\u4e3d\u8bf4\u3002\u8c22\u6dd1\u4e3d\u66fe\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u52a1\u9662(State Department)\u5b98\u5458\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u5723\u5730\u4e9a\u54e5\u5206\u6821(University of California, San Diego)\u6267\u6559\u3002\u5979\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u60f3\u628a\u7cbe\u82f1\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5bb6\u4e11\u516c\u8bf8\u4e8e\u4e16\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u771f\u7684\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u8584\u7199\u6765\u7684\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u4f1a\u6784\u6210\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u5a01\u80c1\u3002\u201d \u5b98\u65b9\u5a92\u4f53\u65b0\u534e\u901a\u8baf\u793e(Xinhua news agency)\u5468\u56db\u665a\u95f4\u900f\u9732\uff0c \u8c37\u5f00\u6765\u5c06\u548c\u8584\u5bb6\u96c7\u4f63\u7684\u4e00\u540d\u52a9\u624b\u4e00\u8d77\u63a5\u53d7\u5e38\u89c4\u7684\u5f00\u5ead\u5ba1\u5224\u3002\u4e8c\u4eba\u88ab\u63a7\u8c0b\u6740\u4e8641\u5c81\u7684\u6d77\u4f0d\u5fb7\u3002\u53bb\u5e7411\u6708\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u91cd\u5e86\u7684\u4e00\u5bb6\u9152\u5e97\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u5c38\u4f53\u3002\u57ae\u53f0\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8584\u7199\u6765\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u84ec\u52c3\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u91cd\u5e86\u5e02\u4e3b\u653f\u3002 \u201c\u4e8c\u88ab\u544a\u4eba\u72af\u7f6a\u4e8b\u5b9e\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u8bc1\u636e\u786e\u5b9e\u3001\u5145\u5206\uff0c\u201d\u65b0\u534e\u793e\u901a\u544a\u79f0\u3002 \u5ba1\u5224\u5c06\u5728\u8ddd\u79bb\u91cd\u5e86\u7ea61300\u516c\u91cc\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u57ce\u5e02\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6cd5\u5ead\u5e76\u672a\u51b3\u5b9a\u5ba1\u5224\u7684\u65e5\u671f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7f6a\u540d\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u8c37\u5f00\u6765\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u5224\u5904\u6b7b\u5211\u3002 \u4f46\u5927\u591a\u6570\u515a\u5185\u6d88\u606f\u4eba\u58eb\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u5979\u66f4\u53ef\u80fd\u53bb\u5750\u7262\u3002 \u65b0\u534e\u793e\u7684\u901a\u544a\u91cd\u590d\u4e86\u65e9\u4e9b\u65f6\u5019\u5bf9\u8c37\u5f00\u6765\u7684\u6307\u63a7\uff0c\u628a\u6d77\u4f0d\u5fb7\u4e4b\u6b7b\u548c\u201c\u56e0\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5229\u76ca\u53d1\u751f\u77db\u76fe\u201d\u8054\u7cfb\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u901a\u544a\u91cc\u8fd8\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u4e24\u6761\u65b0\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u786e\u8ba4\u4e86\u6d77\u4f0d\u5fb7\u66fe\u88ab\u4e0b\u6bd2\uff0c\u4e8c\u662f\u6307\u51fa\u8c37\u5f00\u6765\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u52a8\u673a\u662f\u4fdd\u62a4\u5176\u5b50\u8584\u74dc\u74dc\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u521a\u521a\u4ece\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66(Harvard)\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\u653f\u5e9c\u5b66\u9662(John F. Kennedy School of Government)\u6bd5\u4e1a\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u5c1a\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u8584\u74dc\u74dc\u5e72\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u5bfc\u81f4\u4ed6\u9700\u8981\u9632\u5907\u6d77\u4f0d\u5fb7\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u901a\u544a\u7279\u610f\u7565\u53bb\u4e86\u8584\u74dc\u74dc\u7684\u5168\u540d\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u68c0\u65b9\u5df2\u7ecf\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e0d\u628a\u4ed6\u62c9\u8fdb\u6b64\u6848\u3002 \u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7f6a\u8d23\u4f3c\u4e4e\u90fd\u843d\u5230\u4e86\u8c37\u5f00\u6765\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\u3002\u5979\u5728\u6307\u63a7\u4e2d\u88ab\u79f0\u4f5c 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