{"id":254199,"date":"2012-09-28T16:00:25","date_gmt":"2012-09-28T23:00:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/2012\/09\/%e5%94%af%e8%89%b2-%e8%89%be%e7%95%a5%e7%89%b9%e2%80%a2%e5%8f%b2%e4%bc%af%e5%b2%ad%ef%bc%9a%e6%ad%bb%e4%ba%a1%e7%bb%9f%e8%ae%a1\/"},"modified":"2012-09-28T16:00:25","modified_gmt":"2012-09-28T23:00:25","slug":"%e5%94%af%e8%89%b2-%e8%89%be%e7%95%a5%e7%89%b9%e2%80%a2%e5%8f%b2%e4%bc%af%e5%b2%ad%ef%bc%9a%e6%ad%bb%e4%ba%a1%e7%bb%9f%e8%ae%a1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/254199.html","title":{"rendered":"\u552f\u8272 | \u827e\u7565\u7279\u2022\u53f2\u4f2f\u5cad\uff1a\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7edf\u8ba1"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote><p><b><span>\u552f\u8272\u6ce8\uff1a\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u7bc7\u76f8\u5f53\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5386\u53f2\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u56fe\u4f2f\u7279\uff08\u897f\u85cf\uff09\uff1b\u4e5f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u66f4\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4eba\u6027\uff08\u8fd9\u8bdd\u5c24\u5176\u8981\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e9b\u523b\u610f\u7f54\u987e\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3001\u88ab\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u51f6\u624b\u6539\u53d8\u4eba\u6027\u7684\u6240\u8c13\u5b66\u8005\u5927\u58f0\u5f3a\u8c03\uff09\u3002\u611f\u8c22\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5b66\u8005<\/span><span>Elliot Sperling\uff0c\u611f\u8c22\u8bd1\u8005\u66f4\u6851\u4e1c\u667a\u3002\u9700\u8981\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u5728\u4ece\u8bd1\u8005\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\u201c<\/span><a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/beyondhighwall.blogspot.com\/2012\/09\/blog-post.html\" target=\"_blank\">\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u4e0d\u8bf4<\/a><a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/beyondhighwall.blogspot.com\/2012\/09\/blog-post.html\" target=\"_blank\">\uff1f<\/a>\u201d\u8f6c\u8f7d\u8fd9\u7bc7\u8bd1\u6587\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u6ce8\u89e3\uff0c\u89c1\u7b26\u53f7\u4e3a\u3010\u3011\u5185\u7684\u6ce8\u89e3\uff0c\u4e3a\u7684\u662f\u4fbf\u4e8e\u9605\u8bfb\u4e2d\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u7684\u9ed1\u4f53\u5b57\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4e3a\u6211\u6dfb\u52a0\u3002\u8bfb\u5230\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6bb5\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u884c\u201c<\/b><span><b>\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u57281958\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u4ed624\u5c81\u7684\u5e74\u7eaa\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u621b\u7136\u800c\u6b62\u3002\u4ed6\u6b7b\u4e86<\/b><\/span><b>\u201d\uff0c\u60b2\u6124\u96be\u5f53\u2026\u2026<\/b><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<div><span><b>\u827e\u7565\u7279\u2022\u53f2\u4f2f\u5cad\uff1a\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7edf\u8ba1<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span><b>The Body Count<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span>\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u827e\u7565\u7279\u2022\u53f2\u4f2f\u5cad\uff08Elliot Sperling\uff09<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span>\u8bd1\u8005\uff1a\u66f4\u6851\u4e1c\u667a\uff08@johnlee1021\uff09<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span>\u53d1\u8868\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a2012\u5e7409\u670814\u65e5<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span>\u539f\u6587\u7f51\u5740\uff1a\u8ba9\u8d5e\u8054\u76df\u7f51\u7ad9\uff08<a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rangzen.net\/2012\/09\/14\/the-body-count-2\/\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.rangzen.net\/2012\/09\/14\/the-body-count-2\/<\/a>\uff09<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<table cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-zJonQtw_PR0\/UGV7KANjMMI\/AAAAAAAAQw4\/gqlYMJaZnlI\/s1600\/sperling.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" border=\"0\" height=\"320\" src=\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-zJonQtw_PR0\/UGV7KANjMMI\/AAAAAAAAQw4\/gqlYMJaZnlI\/s320\/sperling.jpg\" width=\"240\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span><i><u>\u827e\u7565\u7279\u2022\u53f2\u4f2f\u5cad\uff08Elliot Sperling\uff09<\/u><\/i><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div><span><i>\u4eba\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u5341\u4e2a\u6570\u95f4\u9694\u7684\u6574\u6570\u6765\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3002\u4f46\u4e0d\u77e5\u4f55\u6545\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6b7b\u4ea1\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u4e0d\u662f\u96f6\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u8ba9\u4eba\u94ed\u8bb0\u2026\u2026\u5728\u7279\u96f7\u5e03\u6797\u5361\uff08Treblinka\uff09\u4e27\u751f\u7684\u4eba\u6570780,863\u6216\u8bb8\u5bb9\u6613\u8ba9\u4eba\u60f3\u8d77\uff1a\u672b\u5c3e\u7684\u6570\u5b573\u6216\u8bb8\u5c31\u662f\u5854\u739b\u62c9\uff08Tamara\uff09\u548c\u4f0a\u5854\u2022\u7ef4\u4f26\u4f2f\u683c\uff08Itta Willenberg\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u88ab\u6bd2\u6c14\u81f4\u6b7b\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8863\u670d\u8fd8\u7d27\u7d27\u7f20\u7ed5\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff1b\u6216\u8bb8\u8fd8\u6709\u9732\u4e1d\u2022\u591a\u8299\u66fc\uff08Ruth Dorfman\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u8d70\u8fdb\u6bd2\u6c14\u5ba4\u524d\uff0c\u5979\u8fd8\u80fd\u548c\u4e3a\u5979\u526a\u6389\u5934\u53d1\u7684\u7537\u4eba\u4e00\u8d77\u75db\u54ed\u2026\u2026\u57281940\u5e74\uff0c\u88ab\u82cf\u8054\u5185\u52a1\u90e8\uff08NKVD\uff09\u67aa\u6740\u768421,892\u540d\u6ce2\u5170\u6218\u4fd8\u90fd\u6b63\u503c\u58ee\u5e74\u3002\u672b\u5c3e\u7684\u6570\u5b572\u6216\u8bb8\u5c31\u662f\u675c\u522b\u65af\u74e6\u2022\u96c5\u5e93\u5e03\u7ef4\u8328\uff08Dobies\u0142aw Jakubowicz\uff09\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u5bf9\u5973\u513f\u9b42\u7275\u68a6\u8426\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\uff1b\u6216\u8bb8\u5c31\u662f\u4e9a\u5f53\u2022\u7d22\u7f57\u65af\u57fa\uff08Adam Solski\uff09\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u5728\u5b50\u5f39\u5c04\u8fdb\u5934\u9885\u7684\u5f53\u5929\u8fd8\u5728\u65e5\u8bb0\u4e2d\u63cf\u5199\u81ea\u5df1\u5a5a\u6212\u7684\u4e08\u592b\u3002\u7eb3\u7cb9\u548c\u82cf\u8054\u653f\u5e9c\u628a\u6d3b\u751f\u751f\u7684\u4eba\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u4f30\u8ba1\u548c\u731c\u6d4b\u53bb\u8ffd\u60f3\uff0c\u800c\u6709\u4e9b\u5219\u80fd\u591f\u76f8\u5f53\u7cbe\u786e\u5730\u8fd8\u539f\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u8d23\u4efb\u8ffd\u5bfb\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u5b57\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u601d\u8003\uff1b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u8d23\u4efb\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u5b57\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3a\u4eba\u7269\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u548c\u65af\u5927\u6797\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u5c31\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u8fd8\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4eba\u6027\u3002<\/i><\/span><i>\u2014\u2014\u63d0\u6469\u897f\u2022\u65af\u5948\u5fb7\u300a\u8840\u8272\u5927\u5730\u300b\uff08Timothy Snyder, Bloodlands\uff09[\u8bd1\u6ce81]<\/i><\/div>\n<div><span><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span>\u8fd9\u4e00\u6bb5\u6765\u81ea\u300a\u8840\u8272\u5927\u5730\u300b\u7ed3\u5c3e\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u503c\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u94ed\u8bb0\u5728\u5fc3\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u5b57\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u62b5\u5fa1\u4e00\u79cd\u73a9\u4e16\u4e0d\u606d\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u8bf1\u60d1\uff08\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u636e\u8bf4\u662f\u6e90\u81ea\u65af\u5927\u6797\uff09\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u6216\u8bb8\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u60b2\u5267\uff0c\u800c\u4e00\u767e\u4e07\u4eba\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u5219\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u5b57\u3002\u8ba9\u4eba\u557c\u7b11\u7686\u975e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u4e9b\u5173\u5fc3\u73b0\u4ee3\u56fe\u4f2f\u7279\u3010\u897f\u85cf\u3011\u547d\u8fd0\u7684\u4eba\u58eb\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u6709\u65f6\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8981\u6bd4\u4eba\u4eec\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u66f4\u6709\u5e02\u573a\u3002\u8fd9\u6216\u8bb8\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4e00\u76f4\u4ee5\u6765\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u56fe\u4f2f\u7279\u653f\u6cbb\u9886\u8896\u4eec\u5728\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u2014\u2014\u5728\u4e8c\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\uff08\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u56db\u820d\u4e94\u5165\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u800c\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5e74\u6570\u5219\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u4eba\u63d0\u53ca\uff09\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u6709120\u4e07\u535a\u5df4\u3010\u85cf\u4eba\u3011\u6b7b\u4e8e\u975e\u547d\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u9ebb\u75f9\u6027\u5e76\u4e14\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u662f\u4ee5\u76f8\u5f53\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\u548c\u9053\u542c\u9014\u8bf4\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u90a3\u4e9b\u5bf9\u60c5\u51b5\u4e00\u65e0\u6240\u77e5\u7684\u56fe\u4f2f\u7279\u4e8b\u4e1a\u7684\u72c2\u70ed\u652f\u6301\u8005\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5177\u6709\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u8d44\u6599\u3002\u66f4\u591a\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5f88\u591a\u56fe\u4f2f\u7279\u4e8b\u4e1a\u7684\u575a\u5b9a\u4e0d\u79fb\u7684\u540c\u60c5\u8005\uff09\u4e00\u76f4\u62d2\u7edd\u63a5\u53d7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u3002120\u4e07\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u4ece1979\u5e74\u8d77\u4ece\u8fbe\u5170\u8428\u62c9\u6d3e\u5f80\u56fe\u4f2f\u7279\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u4ee3\u8868\u56e2\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee3\u8868\u56e2\u6240\u505a\u7684\u4f30\u7b97\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u6d41\u4ea1\u535a\u5df4\u7684\u8bbf\u8c08\u3002\u5728\u8bbf\u95ee\u56e2\u6210\u5458\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u66fe\u7ecf\u53d7\u5230\u8fc7\u4eba\u53e3\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u8bad\u7ec3\uff1b\u66f4\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u5177\u5907\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u8ba1\u7b97\u6d3b\u7740\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u90fd\u56f0\u96be\u91cd\u91cd\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u7528\u8bf4\u5728\u6e20\u9053\u548c\u624b\u6bb5\u6781\u4e3a\u6709\u9650\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8981\u51c6\u786e\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u8fc7\u53bb\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\u6b7b\u8005\u7684\u4eba\u6570\u2014\u2014\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5426\u53d7\u8fc7\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u8bad\u7ec3\u2014\u2014\u5f88\u660e\u663e\u662f\u5929\u65b9\u591c\u8c2d\u3002<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span>\u6211\u8bf4\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e76\u975e\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f4e\u4f30\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u56fe\u4f2f\u7279\u7684\u5c60\u6740\uff08\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u9700\u4e3a\u66fe\u7ecf\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u9009\u62e9\u59d4\u5a49\u7684\u8bcd\u8bed\uff09\u7684\u6b8b\u9177\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8bf4\u660e\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u8ba4\u771f\u5efa\u7acb\u8bc1\u636e\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u9760\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5982\u6b64\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53ea\u4f1a\u5c06\u767e\u4e07\u4eba\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u6d53\u7f29\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\u3002\u90a3\u4e48120\u4e07\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u662f\u5426\u5e94\u8be5\u5c31\u6b64\u88ab\u7f6e\u4e4b\u4e0d\u7406\uff1f\u662f\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u5e76\u975e\u7531\u4e8e\u5728\u56fe\u4f2f\u7279\u9ad8\u539f\u4e0a\u672a\u66fe\u53d1\u751f\u8038\u4eba\u542c\u95fb\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u672c\u8eab\u7f3a\u4e4f\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002<b>\u5728\u5927\u7ea61950\u5e74\u52301975\u5e74\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u56fe\u4f2f\u7279\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u7fa4\u4f53\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4e8b\u4ef6\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u9700\u4e89\u8bba\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5426\u662f120\u4e07\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u5230\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62\u8fd8\u65e0\u6cd5\u56de\u7b54\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u662f\u5373\u4fbf\u5b9e\u9645\u6b7b\u4ea1\u6570\u5b57\u6216\u8bb8\u4f1a\u8fdc\u8fdc\u4f4e\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u4f46\u4f9d\u7136\u4f1a\u76f8\u5f53\u60ca\u4eba\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u65e0\u6cd5\u81ea\u7531\u83b7\u5f97\u4e2d\u56fd\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7eaa\u5f55\uff0c\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u6570\u5b57\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u5f97\u800c\u77e5\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u53d1\u751f\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u6bcb\u5eb8\u7f6e\u7591\u7684\u3002<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span>\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u56fe\u4f2f\u7279\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5728\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5883\u5185\u6781\u5c11\u88ab\u63d0\u53ca\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u5b98\u65b9\u5c42\u9762\u4e00\u76f4\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u800c\u4e14<\/span><a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/www.china.org.cn\/e-white\/tibet\/9-10.htm\" target=\"_blank\">\u5373\u4f7f\u63d0\u5230\u4e5f\u53ea\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5426\u8ba4\u66fe\u7ecf\u53d1\u751f\u8fc7\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6<\/a><span>\u3002\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u6d41\u4ea1\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\u4e5f\u5f88\u5c11\u89c1\u5230\u76f8\u5173\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff0c\u6216\u8bb8\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\uff08\u4e2d\u56fd\uff09<a href=\"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/space\/%E7%BB%9F%E6%88%98%E9%83%A8\" target=\"_blank\">\u7edf\u6218\u90e8<\/a>\u6240\u4e0b\u8fbe\u7684\u4e00\u9053\u7981\u4ee4\uff1a\u535a\u5df4\u4e0d\u8bb8\u505a\u4efb\u4f55\u8ba9\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u96be\u582a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff08\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u63a8\u79fb\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u9053\u7981\u4ee4\u662f<a href=\"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/space\/%E7%BB%9F%E6%88%98%E9%83%A8\" target=\"_blank\">\u7edf\u6218\u90e8<\/a><\/span><a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rangzen.net\/2012\/07\/27\/censorship-and-the-struggle-for-tibetan-freedom\/\" target=\"_blank\">\u76f4\u63a5\u5bf9\u6d1b\u5730\u2022\u5609\u65e5[Lodi Gyari][\u8bd1\u6ce82]\u4e0b\u8fbe\u7684<\/a><span>\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u7531\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u6b63\u5f0f\u5ba3\u5e03\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2d\u95f4\u6240\u5305\u542b\u7684\uff08\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\uff09\u5974\u989c\u5a62\u819d\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7740\u5b9e\u53d1\u4eba\u6df1\u7701\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u86db\u4e1d\u9a6c\u8ff9\u5e76\u4e0d\u603b\u80fd\u7b26\u5408\u653f\u6cbb\u9886\u8896\u4eec\u7684\u610f\u613f\u3002\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-O1sDFBVOlM4\/UGV7jT5xzgI\/AAAAAAAAQxA\/J_l8D1YO38E\/s1600\/001.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" border=\"0\" height=\"277\" src=\"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-O1sDFBVOlM4\/UGV7jT5xzgI\/AAAAAAAAQxA\/J_l8D1YO38E\/s400\/001.jpg\" width=\"400\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div><span>\u5c31\u5728\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\u524d\uff0c\u4eca\u5e74\u7684\u4e94\u6708\u4efd\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u201c\u9752\u6d77\u7701\u7389\u6811\u85cf\u65cf\u81ea\u6cbb\u5dde\u201d\u7684\u56ca\u8c26\u53bf\uff08\u8be5\u53bf\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u66fe\u7ecf\u662f\u4e0a\u90e8\u5eb7\u533a\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u56ca\u8c26\u738b\u56fd\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff09\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u6b63\u5728\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\u9879\u76ee\u505a\u5f00\u5de5\u51c6\u5907\u3002<\/span><span>\u7389\u6811\u5dde<\/span><span>\u4e5f\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u6570\u8d77\u81ea\u711a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u51e0\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u56fe\u4f2f\u7279\u5404\u5730\u548c\u6d41\u4ea1\u793e\u4f1a\u4e00\u518d\u51fa\u73b0\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u81ea\u711a\u6297\u8bae\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u5f53\u4eba\u4eec\u4e3a\u4e86\u5efa\u4e00\u5ea7\u65b0\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\u5f00\u6316\u5730\u57fa\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u610f\u60f3\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u8ba9\u4eba\u6bdb\u9aa8\u609a\u7136\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u7a81\u7136\u5c55\u73b0\u5728\u4eba\u4eec\u773c\u524d\u2014\u2014\u571f\u5c42\u4e0b\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u7684\u9057\u9ab8\u3002\u636e\u8bf4\uff0c\u6570\u91cf\u76f8\u5f53\u5927\u3002<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<table align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/3.bp.blogspot.com\/-ynnsKlsVTVA\/UGV8FFi3soI\/AAAAAAAAQxI\/FocaFS4ka7I\/s1600\/002.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" border=\"0\" height=\"480\" src=\"http:\/\/3.bp.blogspot.com\/-ynnsKlsVTVA\/UGV8FFi3soI\/AAAAAAAAQxI\/FocaFS4ka7I\/s640\/002.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><i><u><span>\u8fc7\u5f80\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u7528\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e71\u846c\u5751\u53d1\u51fa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5450\u558a\uff0c\u8fc7\u5f80\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5728\u4e4e\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u662f\u5426\u611f\u89c9\u96be\u582a\u3002<\/span>\u00a0<\/u><\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/3.bp.blogspot.com\/-C7pArInbEe4\/UGV8poVLJaI\/AAAAAAAAQxQ\/fQSw3BRSeoY\/s1600\/003.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" border=\"0\" height=\"480\" src=\"http:\/\/3.bp.blogspot.com\/-C7pArInbEe4\/UGV8poVLJaI\/AAAAAAAAQxQ\/fQSw3BRSeoY\/s640\/003.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span><i><u>\u56fe\u7247\u975e\u5e38\u6e05\u6670\uff0c\u5f53\u5730\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u6d41\u4f20\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u662f\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u662f\u57281958\u5e74\u88ab\u5c60\u6740\u7684\u50e7\u4fd7\u4eba\u58eb\u7684\u9057\u9aa8\u30021958\u5e74\uff0c\u56fe\u4f2f\u7279\u4e1c\u90e8\u5730\u533a\u8840\u8165\u800c\u6050\u6016\u7684\u4e00\u5e74\u3002<\/u><\/i><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div><span>\u5728\u7389\u6811\u5dde\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5df4\u5858\uff08Dpal-thang\uff0c\u6b64\u5904\u5df4\u5858\u4e3a\u7389\u6811\u53bf\u5357\u90e8\u7684\u5df4\u5858\u4e61\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u56db\u5ddd\u7518\u5b5c\u5dde\u7684\u5df4\u5858\u53bf\u2014\u2014\u8bd1\u8005\u6ce8\uff09\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u8349\u539f\u4e0a\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u540c\u6837\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u623f\u5c4b\u5efa\u8bbe\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u5f00\u5de5\u73b0\u573a\uff1a\u4e09\u5904\u6ee1\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u9057\u9ab8\u7684\u4e71\u846c\u5751\u3002\u636e\u8bb2\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e71\u846c\u5751\u91cc\u6709\u4e9b\u9057\u7269\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u8150\u70c2\u3002\u5751\u4e2d\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u9047\u5bb3\u8005\u88ab\u6254\u8fdb\u5751\u65f6\u6240\u7a7f\u7684\u8863\u670d\u7684\u6b8b\u7247\uff1a\u6709\u4fd7\u4eba\u7684\u8863\u670d\u4e5f\u6709\u50e7\u4eba\u7684\u8888\u88df\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u6b7b\u8005\u7684\u957f\u53d1\u8fd8\u5386\u5386\u5728\u76ee\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u8001\u8005\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e71\u846c\u5751\u4e5f\u662f1958\u5e74\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u57281960\u5e74\u5de6\u53f3\u6b7b\u4e8e\u9965\u8352\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c38\u4f53\u4e5f\u88ab\u57cb\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u3002\u5f53\u5730\u52a8\u7528\u4e86\u6570\u8f86\u5361\u8f66\u624d\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9057\u9aa8\u8fd0\u8d70\u3002\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span>20\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4ece\u6765\u4e0d\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e71\u846c\u5751\uff1a\u5df4\u6bd4\u96c5\uff08Babi Yar\uff09\u3001\u5361\u5ef7\uff08Katyn\uff09\u3001\u65af\u96f7\u5e03\u96f7\u5c3c\u5bdf\uff08Srebrenica\uff09\u2014\u2014\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5217\u51fa\u957f\u957f\u7684\u4e00\u4efd\u540d\u5355\u3002\u6709\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u4e03\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u4e71\u846c\u573a\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd8\u603b\u80fd\u5f15\u53d1\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u6b8b\u66b4\u3001\u7f6a\u6076\u3001\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u5f31\u70b9\u3001\u6028\u6068\u4ee5\u53ca\u6781\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u7b49\u7b49\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u53cd\u601d\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u5fc5\u987b\u5fe0\u5b9e\u5730\u8bb0\u5f5520\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u8840\u8165\u5386\u53f2\u5e76\u4ee5\u6b64\u6559\u80b2\u540e\u4ee3\uff0c\u5bc4\u5e0c\u671b\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e86\u89e3\u8fc7\u53bb\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u4ece\u800c\u964d\u4f4e\u60b2\u5267\u91cd\u6f14\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002<b>\u4f46\u5373\u4fbf\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u660e\u663e\u6709\u8303\u56f4\u76f8\u5f53\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u4eba\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u79cd\u5fc3\u7167\u4e0d\u5ba3\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u8981\u62ff\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u4e0d\u8981\u62ff\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5728\u56fe\u4f2f\u7279\u7684\u6240\u4f5c\u6240\u4e3a\u53bb\u60f9\u607c\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002\u6216\u8bb8\u6b63\u5982\u67d0\u4e9b\u4eba\u6240\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5bf9\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u6bd2\u5bb3\u201c\u4e25\u9635\u4ee5\u5f85\u201d\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\u63ed\u9732\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u5b9e\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u6709\u5bb3\u65e0\u76ca\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f15\u8d77\u592a\u591a\u5173\u6ce8\u3002\u800c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u8ba9\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u4ee5\u201c\u8eb2\u8fdb\u5c0f\u697c\u6210\u4e00\u7edf\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u6625\u590f\u4e0e\u79cb\u51ac\u201d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u7ee7\u7eed\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u65e2\u6709\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6587\u5316\u91cc\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7ee7\u7eed\u9876\u793c\u819c\u62dc20\u4e16\u7eaa\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u51f6\u624b\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u5408\u4e4e\u793c\u8282\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span>\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u4efb\u4f55\u63a9\u76d6\u548c\u5426\u8ba4\u5728\u56fe\u4f2f\u7279\u66fe\u7ecf\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4fbf\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8db3\u4e3a\u5947\u4e86\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c<b>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5728\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u91cc\u62d2\u7edd\u516c\u5f00\u5728\u56fe\u4f2f\u7279\u6240\u4f5c\u6240\u4e3a\uff08\u66f4\u4e0d\u7528\u8bf4\u90a3\u4e9b\u53ef\u80fd\u6d89\u53ca\u66b4\u884c\u7684\u6709\u5173\u8bb0\u5f55\uff09\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6ca1\u6709\u8fdb\u884c\u4e25\u5389\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u6216\u8c34\u8d23\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8fd8\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u67d0\u79cd\u6216\u53ef\u4ee5\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f0f\u8d66\u514d\u201d\u7684\u7eb5\u5bb9\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5728\u56fe\u4f2f\u7279\u6240\u505a\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u67d0\u79cd\u81ea\u7136\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u65e0\u9700\u7ecf\u53d7\u4efb\u4f55\u9053\u5fb7\u8bc4\u5224\u3002\u800c\u9700\u8981\u63a5\u53d7\u8bc4\u5224\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd9\u5176\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u62ec\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u516c\u5f00\u7684\uff08\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u503c\u5f97\u8d28\u7591\u7684\uff09\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c06\u56fe\u4f2f\u7279\u5730\u533a\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u51cf\u5c11\u5927\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u7edd\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u8bdd\uff09\u5f52\u56e0\u4e8e\u4eba\u53e3\u8fc1\u79fb\u548c\u6d41\u4ea1\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u666e\u904d\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u601d\u8fdb\u53d6\u7684\u62b5\u89e6\u60c5\u7eea\uff1a\u6765\u81ea\u6d41\u4ea1\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u662f\u5938\u5f20\u800c\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fe1\u7684\u3002<\/b>\u4e0d\u662f\u53bb\u8ffd\u5bfb\u5938\u5f20\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u771f\u76f8\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u628a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5938\u5f20\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7406\u7531\u7528\u6765\u5426\u8ba4\u6d41\u4ea1\u535a\u5df4\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u3002\u56e0\u800c\u4fbf\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6587\u5b57\uff08<\/span><a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/blog.hiddenharmonies.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/07\/Sautman-2006-Colonialism-Genocide-Tibet.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\u51fa\u81ea\u6c99\u4f2f\u529b[\u8bd1\u6ce83]\u7b14\u4e0b<\/a><span>\uff09\uff1a\u201c\uff08120\u4e07\uff09\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u65e2\u975e\u6765\u81ea\u76ee\u51fb\u8005\u7684\u8bb0\u8ff0\u4e5f\u975e\u53d6\u81ea\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u800c\u6d41\u4ea1\u8005\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u5219\u65f6\u5e38\u4e3a\u4e86\u53d6\u60a6\u4e8e\u6d41\u4ea1\u653f\u5e9c\u800c\u6b6a\u66f2\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u201d\u597d\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u6bb5\u8bdd\u81f3\u5c11\u6697\u793a\u4e86\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u786e\u5b9e\u5b58\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b98\u65b9\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u800c\u6d6e\u5149\u63a0\u5f71\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u6216\u8bb8\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5b8c\u5168\u7406\u89e3\u6c99\u4f2f\u529b\u6587\u5b57\u4e2d\u6240\u5305\u542b\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u5e76\u975e\u6307\u5411\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bf9\u6709\u5173\u8d44\u6599\u7684\u5c01\u9501\u800c\u662f\u6307\u8d23\u535a\u5df4\u6ca1\u6709\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b98\u65b9\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d44\u6599\u662f\u56fe\u4f2f\u7279\u65b9\u9762\u548c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e25\u8083\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u3002<b>\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u88c2\u75c7\u5f0f\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff1a\u9996\u5148\u662f\u5bf9\u6d41\u4ea1\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u8bb0\u8ff0\u90fd\u4e0d\u4e88\u7406\u4f1a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bb0\u8ff0\u90fd\u662f\u201c\u6b6a\u66f2\u4e8b\u5b9e\u201d\u7684\uff1b\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u4e86\u4e4b\u540e\u53c8\u8bf4\u56fe\u4f2f\u7279\u65b9\u9762\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u201c\u76ee\u51fb\u8005\u201d\u8bc1\u8bcd\u2026\u2026\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4e25\u8083\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5bf9\u4e8e120\u4e07\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u662f\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\uff1a\u4eba\u6743\u89c2\u5bdf\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff08Human Rights Watch\uff09\u65e9\u57281988\u5e74\u5c31\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u65e0\u6cd5\u6838\u5b9e\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\uff08\u6c99\u4f2f\u529b\u4e4b\u6d41\uff09\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7edf\u6cbb\u56fe\u4f2f\u7279\u7684\u5934\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u53d1\u751f\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u89c6\u800c\u4e0d\u89c1\u3002<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span>\u7eb3\u4ed3\u6012\u7f57\uff08Nag-tshang Nu-blo\uff09\u4e8e2008\u5e74\u5728\u8fbe\u5170\u8428\u62c9\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55[\u8bd1\u6ce84]\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e5f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e0a\u6587\u4e2d\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u906d\u4eba\u8f7b\u89c6\u7684\u8bb0\u8ff0\u3002\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u63cf\u5199\u4e861958\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6bc1\u706d\u4e4b\u5e74\u5728\u7389\u6811\u5730\u533a\uff08\u4e0a\u6587\u4e2d\u7684\u7167\u7247\u4fbf\u6765\u81ea\u8fd9\u4e00\u5730\u533a\uff09\u6240\u770b\u5230\u7684\u4e00\u5207\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u5e74\u88ab\u6740\u5bb3\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u5e74\u6ca6\u4e3a\u9636\u4e0b\u4e4b\u56da\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u8c61\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\u6c99\u4f2f\u529b\u4e4b\u6d41\uff08\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u5f53\u7136\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u8c2d\u2022\u6208\u4f26\u592b[\u8bd1\u6ce85]\uff09\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u5b57\u89c6\u4e3a\u5178\u578b\u7684\u6d41\u4ea1\u8005\u7684\u5938\u5927\u5176\u8f9e\uff1a<\/span><\/div>\n<blockquote><p><span>\u6211\u4eec\u9a91\u7740\u9a6c\u6cbf\u6cb3\u8d70\u7740\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u95fb\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u8150\u70c2\u7684\u5473\u9053\u2026\u2026\u8fc7\u4e86\u4e0d\u4e45\u4fbf\u770b\u5230\u6cb3\u4e24\u5cb8\u6563\u5e03\u7740\u6b7b\u8005\u7684\u5c38\u4f53\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8d64\u8eab\u88f8\u4f53\uff0c\u6d51\u8eab\u7d2b\u9ed1\u2026\u2026\u6211\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u518d\u5bf9\u6b7b\u5c38\u611f\u5230\u6050\u60e7\u3002\u518d\u5f80\u524d\u8d70\uff0c\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u5c38\u4f53\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u7684\u662f\u6bcd\u4eb2\u548c\u5b69\u5b50\u62b1\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u5728\u90a3\u4e00\u7247\u5730\u65b9\u603b\u5171\u5927\u6982\u6709\u4e8c\u5341\u516d\u4e03\u5177\u5c38\u4f53\u3002\u4ece\u5934\u53d1\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u6b7b\u8005\u591a\u6570\u662f\u5973\u4eba\u548c\u5b69\u5b50\u2026\u2026\u5728\u5c71\u5761\u4e0a\u6709\u4e00\u9ad8\u4e00\u4f4e\u4e24\u4e2a\u67b6\u5b50\u2026\u2026\u7236\u4eb2\u548c\u6d1b\u66f2\uff08Lochu\uff09\u5750\u5728\u90a3\u4e2a\u9ad8\u67b6\u5b50\u4e0a\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5230\u8fbe\u90a3\u91cc\u65f6\uff0c\u6bcf\u4eba\u90fd\u5ff5\u53e8\u7740\u201c\u54e6\uff0c\u62a4\u6cd5\u795e\u4f5c\u8bc1\uff01\u201d\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u88ab\u773c\u524d\u7684\u60c5\u666f\u60ca\u5446\u4e86\u3002\u5730\u9762\u5b8c\u5168\u88ab\u5c38\u4f53\u8986\u76d6\uff0c\u6709\u7537\u4eba\u3001\u5973\u4eba\u3001\u50e7\u4eba\u3001\u7266\u725b\u548c\u9a6c\u2026\u2026\u653e\u773c\u671b\u53bb\u5230\u5904\u90fd\u662f\u5c38\u4f53\u2026\u2026<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<div><span>\u4ed6\u6700\u7ec8\u8fd8\u662f\u88ab\u4fd8\u83b7\u5e76\u88ab\u9001\u5f80\u66f2\u9ebb\u83b1\u53bf\uff0c\u90a3\u91cc\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u5ea7\u76d1\u72f1\uff1a<\/span><\/div>\n<blockquote><p><span>\u6211\u4eec\u7a7f\u8fc7\u9547\u5b50\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u811a\u6b65\u58f0\u5176\u4ed6\u4ec0\u4e48\u90fd\u542c\u4e0d\u5230\u2026\u2026\u8fdb\u4e86\u76d1\u72f1\u7684\u5927\u95e8\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u524d\u9762\u6709\u4e00\u5835\u9ad8\u5899\u2026\u2026\u519b\u4eba\u628a\u72af\u4eba\u4e00\u961f\u4e00\u961f\u5730\u5f80\u524d\u9886\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5f53\u4ed6\u4eec\u8d70\u5230\u9ad8\u5899\u4e2d\u95f4\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4fbf\u5c31\u4e0d\u89c1\u4e86\u2026\u2026\u6211\u5f53\u65f6\u5728\u60f3\uff0c\u201c\u592a\u5947\u602a\u4e86\uff0c\u600e\u4e48\u56de\u4e8b\uff1f\u201d\u2026\u2026\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u8d70\u5230\u9ad8\u5899\u4e2d\u95f4\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u56fd\u58eb\u5175\u6253\u5f00\u4e86\u5730\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d3b\u95e8\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u6df1\u7684\u6d1e\u3002\u9ed1\u6f06\u6f06\u7684\u6d1e\u91cc\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u80a1\u6076\u81ed\u3002\u5f53\u5175\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u72af\u4eba\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a5\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u8df3\u8fdb\u6d1e\u91cc\u3002\u6211\u80fd\u542c\u5230\u4ed6\u4eec\u843d\u5230\u4e0b\u9762\u5730\u4e0a\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u542c\u5230\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u6d1e\u91cc\u53d1\u51fa\u75db\u82e6\u7684\u568e\u54ed\u2026\u2026\u201c\u592a\u53ef\u601c\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e2a\u5b69\u5b50\uff01\u201d\u6709\u4eba\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f38\u51fa\u80f3\u818a\u628a\u6211\u63a5\u5230\u4e0b\u9762\u2026\u2026<\/span>\u00a0<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote><p><span><\/span><span>\u5f53\u6211\u8d70\u5230\u9732\u5929\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u5403\u60ca\u5730\u770b\u5230\u6ee1\u6ee1\u4e00\u9662\u5b50\u6709\u51e0\u767e\u540d\u72af\u4eba\u2026\u2026\u5f80\u5468\u56f4\u4e00\u770b\uff0c\u6211\u770b\u5230\u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u6d1e\uff0c\u6d1e\u53e3\u9644\u8fd1\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8fd8\u505c\u653e\u7740\u6b7b\u5c38\u2026\u2026<\/span>\u00a0<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote><p><span>\u624e\u5df4\uff08Dragpa\uff09\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u67092300\u4e2a\u7537\u72af\u4eba\u548c1600\u4e2a\u5973\u72af\u4eba\u3002\u201d\u53a8\u5e08\u603b\u662f\u80fd\u51c6\u786e\u4e86\u89e3\u76d1\u72f1\u91cc\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u56da\u72af\u2026\u2026\u6bcf\u5929\u65e9\u6668\uff0c\u6b7b\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u58eb\u5175\u6b8b\u9177\u8650\u5f85\u7684\u6b7b\u8005\u9057\u4f53\u88ab\u8fd0\u51fa\u5927\u95e8\u3002\u4e24\u540d\u56da\u72af\u7528\u4e00\u6839\u6760\u5b50\u642c\u8fd0\u5c38\u4f53\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u548c\u6760\u5b50\u62f4\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5c38\u4f53\u6302\u5728\u6760\u5b50\u4e0b\u9762\u88ab\u8fd0\u5230\u9ad8\u5899\u5916\u9762\u7684\u57cb\u5c38\u70b9\u3002<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<div><span>\u8fd9\u786e\u5b9e\u770b\u4e0a\u53bb\u662f\u4e00\u4efd\u5f88\u5178\u578b\u7684\u8bb0\u8ff0\u3002\u8fd9\u90e8\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\u6240\u53d9\u8ff0\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4e0e\u82e6\u96be\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u66fe\u7ecf\u8bfb\u8fc7\u8fbe\u5170\u8428\u62c9\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u6709\u5173\u4e2d\u56fd\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e0b\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u5e76\u4e0d\u964c\u751f\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u5374\u53c8\u662f\u4e00\u4efd\u975e\u540c\u5bfb\u5e38\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a\u5b83\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4efd\u6d41\u4ea1\u8005\u7684\u8bc1\u8bcd\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u81ea\u4f20\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u662f\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u56fe\u4f2f\u7279\u5883\u5185\u7684\u4e00\u540d\u9000\u4f11\u5b98\u5458\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u4f5c\u8005\u8fd8\u662f\u4e2a\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u6240\u770b\u5230\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002<b>\u7eb3\u4ed3\u6012\u7f57\uff08Nag-tshang Nu-blo\uff09\u751f\u4e8e1948\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u540e\u6765\u88ab\u4ece\u4e0a\u6587\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u76d1\u72f1\u91cc\u6311\u9009\u51fa\u6765\u5e76\u9001\u5230\u4e2d\u5171\u4f53\u5236\u5185\u7684\u5b66\u6821\u63a5\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\u3002\u4ed6\u505a\u8fc7\u8b66\u5bdf\u3001\u6cd5\u9662\u5e72\u90e8\u5e76\u6700\u7ec8\u88ab\u63d0\u62d4\u4e3a\u66f2\u9ebb\u83b1\u53bf\u526f\u53bf\u957f\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u4ed6\u5e7c\u5e74\u65f6\u88ab\u5173\u62bc\u7684\u90a3\u5ea7\u76d1\u72f1\u6240\u5728\u5730\u30022006\u5e74\uff0c\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u5728\u9752\u6d77\u897f\u5b81\u4ee5\u5b89\u591a\u65b9\u8a00\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e45\u4e4b\u540e\u88ab\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u73b0\u4ee3\u6807\u51c6\u535a\u4f0a\uff08\u5373\u201c\u85cf\u6587\u201d\uff09\u5728\u8fbe\u5170\u8428\u62c9\u53d1\u884c\u3002<\/b>\uff08\u6211\u5728\u6b64\u5192\u6627\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u6765\u81ea\u5c1a\u672a\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u8bd1\u672c\uff0c\u82f1\u6587\u8bd1\u672c\u6839\u636e\u7684\u662f\u6b64\u4e66\u6700\u521d\u7684\u5b89\u591a\u65b9\u8a00\u7248\u672c\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u6709\u51fa\u7248\u5546\u5c3d\u5feb\u8ba9\u82f1\u6587\u7248\u5f97\u4ee5\u9762\u4e16\u3002\u4ed8\u51fa\u8270\u8f9b\u52aa\u529b\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u548c\u8bd1\u8005\u4eec\u81f3\u5c11\u5e94\u8be5\u5f97\u5230\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\uff09<b>\u82e5\u60f3\u628a\u7eb3\u4ed3\u6012\u7f57\u7684\u8bc1\u8bcd\u8d2c\u4f4e\u4e3a\u201c\u6b6a\u66f2\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u53d6\u60a6\u6d41\u4ea1\u653f\u5e9c\u201d\uff0c\u80af\u5b9a\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u6789\u8d39\u5fc3\u673a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span>\u88ab\u67e5\u7981\u7684\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u5386\u53f2\u8fd8\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e9b\u6e20\u9053\u7a81\u7834\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f53\u5c40\u5f3a\u884c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u969c\u788d\u4e0e\u7f04\u9ed8\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u5f20\u56fe\u7247\u662f\u5317\u4eac\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u85cf\u5b66\u520a\u7269\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u85cf\u5b66\u300b\uff08Krung-go\u2019i Bod-kyi shes-rig\uff091999\u5e74\u67d0\u671f\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u9875\uff1a<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-zRO5j17PoZM\/UGV9ZaZZhEI\/AAAAAAAAQxY\/B3Vv7-26KYo\/s1600\/004.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" border=\"0\" height=\"602\" src=\"http:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-zRO5j17PoZM\/UGV9ZaZZhEI\/AAAAAAAAQxY\/B3Vv7-26KYo\/s640\/004.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div><span><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span>\u8fd9\u4e00\u9875\u6587\u5b57\u6240\u51fa\u81ea\u7684\u90a3\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u8fc7\u53bb\u5728\u7389\u6811\u5730\u533a\u62c9\u5e03\u5bfa\uff08Lab-dgon monastery\uff09\u5360\u4e3b\u6d41\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\uff08\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u8fd9\u5e45\u5730\u56fe\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u62c9\u5e03\u5bfa\u4e0e\u66f2\u9ebb\u83b1\u4ee5\u53ca\u7389\u6811\u5dde\u5e9c\u6240\u5728\u5730\u7ed3\u53e4\u9547\u7684\u5730\u7406\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\uff09\u6587\u7ae0\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bfa\u9662\u4e2d\u4e0d\u540c\u62c9\u7ae0[\u8bd1\u6ce86]\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6309\u4e3b\u6b21\u987a\u5e8f\u5206\u522b\u8ba8\u8bba\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u5404\u4e2a\u62c9\u7ae0\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u62c9\u7ae0\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u9ad8\u50e7\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u4f5c\u8005\u8fd8\u662f\u8d1f\u8d23\u5ba1\u9605\u3001\u7f16\u8f91\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u67af\u71e5\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u6240\u900f\u9732\u51fa\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u7edd\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u8bfb\u8005\u6d4f\u89c8\u5b8c\u6587\u7ae0\u540e\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u505a\u592a\u591a\u601d\u8003\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7a0d\u4f5c\u505c\u987f\uff0c\u5c06\u76ee\u5149\u626b\u8fc7\u9875\u9762\uff08\u65e0\u9700\u535a\u4f0a\u5373\u85cf\u6587\u7684\u9605\u8bfb\u77e5\u8bc6\u4fbf\u53ef\u505a\u5230\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4fbf\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u90a3\u4e00\u6bb5\u8840\u6dcb\u6dcb\u7684\u5f80\u6614\u5f00\u59cb\u6d6e\u51fa\u7eb8\u9762\uff1a<b>\u6587\u7ae0\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u5f53\u65f6\u8fd8\u5728\u4e16\u7684\u5bfa\u9662\u9886\u8896\u90fd\u65e0\u4e00\u4f8b\u5916\u7684\u6b7b\u4e8e1958\u5e74\uff0c\u5c31\u5982\u540c\u5728\u7eb3\u4ed3\u6012\u7f57\u8d70\u8fc7\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u6240\u770b\u5230\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u6563\u5e03\u5404\u5904\u7684\u6b7b\u8005\u4e00\u6837\u3002<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/--ginocBZH1o\/UGV9xRwhDnI\/AAAAAAAAQxg\/nsSh8dkBeus\/s1600\/005.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" border=\"0\" height=\"580\" src=\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/--ginocBZH1o\/UGV9xRwhDnI\/AAAAAAAAQxg\/nsSh8dkBeus\/s640\/005.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div><span><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span><b>\u6709\u4eba\u4e00\u76f4\u4f01\u56fe\u56de\u907f\u548c\u65e0\u89c6\u6709\u5173\u5728\u56fe\u4f2f\u7279\u5730\u533a\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u8bb0\u8f7d\u4e0e\u9648\u8ff0\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u8fd9\u5f20\u56fe\u7247\u8ba9\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f01\u56fe\u53d8\u5f97\u96be\u4e0a\u52a0\u96be\u3002\u65e9\u5728\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6574\u7406\u548c\u5206\u6790\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u4efd\u76f8\u5f53\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u8c03\u67e5\u6570\u636e\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u6765\u81ea1982\u5e74\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u666e\u67e5\u2014\u2014\u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u4e16\u4eba\u5c55\u73b0\u4e00\u4e9b\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u539f\u59cb\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u76f4\u622a\u4e86\u5f53\u770b\u51fa\u7684\u753b\u9762\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e9b\u975e\u5e38\u4ee4\u4eba\u6bdb\u9aa8\u609a\u7136\u7684\u753b\u9762\uff1a1982\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u56fe\u4f2f\u7279\u9ad8\u539f\u666e\u904d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u7537\u5973\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5931\u8861\uff0c\u800c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u552f\u4e00\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u53ea\u80fd\u662f\u66b4\u529b\u6597\u4e89\u3002\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\uff0c\u56fe\u4f2f\u7279\u9ad8\u539f\u662f\u8303\u56f4\u6700\u5927\u7684\u4e00\u7247\u7a81\u51fa\u5730\u5448\u73b0\u4e3a\u7ea2\u8272\u7684\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5730\u533a\u5973\u6027\u4eba\u53e3\u6570\u91cf\u4e00\u76f4\u9ad8\u4e8e\u7537\u6027\u3002<\/b>\u800c\u7389\u6811\u6b63\u5904\u5728\u8fd9\u7247\u7ea2\u8272\u533a\u57df\u4e2d\uff1a<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-6kyhozoFR8A\/UGV-Yi3DBeI\/AAAAAAAAQxo\/AqvK41J7TvM\/s1600\/006.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" border=\"0\" height=\"412\" src=\"http:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-6kyhozoFR8A\/UGV-Yi3DBeI\/AAAAAAAAQxo\/AqvK41J7TvM\/s640\/006.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><span>\u6b64\u65f6\u6b64\u523b\uff0c<b>\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4eba\u8fd8\u8981\u5426\u8ba4\u5728\u56fe\u4f2f\u7279\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u6027\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u67d0\u79cd\u6076\u610f\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u5f88\u591a\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e9b\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u7684\u5426\u8ba4\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u67d0\u79cd\u8d85\u7136\u7684\u5bf9\u7edf\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u89c1\u3002\u5176\u6700\u7ec8\u6839\u6e90\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u4e8e\u67d0\u79cd\u653f\u6cbb\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u4e0d\u9519\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u516c\u5f00\u6e20\u9053\u83b7\u5f97\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u8bb0\u5f55\uff1b\u4e0d\u9519\uff0c\u6d41\u4ea1\u8005\u7684\u8bb0\u8ff0\u6216\u8bb8\u5938\u5927\u5176\u8bcd\uff1b\u4e0d\u9519\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u8fbe\u5170\u8428\u62c9\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7f3a\u5c11\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u6839\u636e\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u662f\u5bf9\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u8bb0\u8ff0\u80cc\u540e\u9690\u85cf\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u8840\u6dcb\u6dcb\u7684\u53ef\u6015\u7684\u771f\u76f8\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u4e89\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span>\u6570\u5341\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5b98\u50da\u5316\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u4e00\u5b9a\u56e4\u79ef\u4e86\u6570\u91cf\u6781\u5927\u7684\u6863\u6848\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d44\u6599\u5c06\u4f1a\u8ba9\u4e16\u4eba\u5f7b\u5e95\u4e86\u89e3\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa50\u548c60\u5e74\u4ee3\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u56fe\u4f2f\u7279\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u771f\u9762\u76ee\u3002\u800c\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u62d2\u7edd\u5916\u90e8\u4e16\u754c\u83b7\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u4e5f\u6b63\u597d\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d44\u6599\u4f1a\u8ba9\u4eba\u4eec\u4ece\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u4e2d\u4e86\u89e3\u5230\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u800c<b>\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u53ea\u662f\u4e0d\u6210\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5730\u5c06\u76ee\u5149\u76ef\u4f4f\u535a\u5df4\u4eec\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4e1c\u62fc\u897f\u51d1\u5730\u6536\u96c6\u8d44\u6599\u6765\u4f30\u91cf\u7edf\u8ba1\u60b2\u5267\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5173\u6ce8\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5982\u4f55\u987d\u56fa\u5730\u62d2\u7edd\u516c\u5f00\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6863\u6848\u8d44\u6599\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u5916\u90e8\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6838\u67e5\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u5c06\u56fe\u4f2f\u7279\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u770b\u6210\u662f\u5f04\u6e05\u6b7b\u4ea1\u6570\u5b57\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8d1f\u9762\u969c\u788d\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\u4e5f\u6070\u597d\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u5185\u5fc3\u7684\u504f\u89c1\u3002<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span><b>\u5f52\u6839\u5230\u5e95\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u65b9\u9762\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u6863\u6848\u8bb0\u5f55\u5fc5\u987b\u516c\u8bf8\u4e8e\u4f17\u3002\u82e5\u60f3\u4e86\u89e3\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u56fe\u4f2f\u7279\u7684\u6050\u6016\u548c\u6b8b\u66b4\u884c\u5f84\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u901a\u8fc7\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u8bb0\u8ff0\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u6e20\u9053\u7684\u95f4\u63a5\u8d44\u6599\u662f\u4e0d\u8db3\u591f\u7684<\/b>\u3002\u5c3d\u4e00\u5207\u52aa\u529b\u53bb\u4e86\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u66b4\u884c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\u4eba\u88ab\u6740\u5bb3\u80af\u5b9a\u662f\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u56de\u5230\u6211\u5728\u6587\u7ae0\u5f00\u5934\u6240\u5f15\u8ff0\u7684\u8bc4\u8bba\uff1a\u540c\u6837\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8981\u5c3d\u4e00\u5207\u52aa\u529b\u5c06\u90a3\u4e9b\u88ab\u6740\u5bb3\u7684\u4eba\u770b\u4f5c\u9c9c\u6d3b\u7684\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\u3002<b>\u5426\u5219\u4e0d\u7136\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u4efb\u7531\u90a3\u4e9b\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u51f6\u624b\u6539\u53d8\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4eba\u6027\u3002<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span>\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u59a8\u8bbe\u60f3\uff0c\u5f53\u6709\u671d\u4e00\u65e5\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6863\u6848\u8d44\u6599\u5927\u767d\u4e8e\u5929\u4e0b\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u4f1a\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u201c\u5609\u592e\u76ca\u897f\u7d22\u5357\u786e\u73e0\u201d\uff08Jam-dbyangs ye-shes bsod-nams mchog-grub\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u62c9\u5e03\u5bfa\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e16\u963f\u4e01\u6731\u53e4\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u5728\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u85cf\u5b66\u300b\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u9875\u6587\u7ae0\u4e0a\u6e05\u6670\u53ef\u89c1\u3002\u636e\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u77e5\uff0c\u4ed6\u751f\u524d\u5728\u5b89\u591a\u5730\u533a\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u5f18\u626c\u4f5b\u6cd5\uff1b\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u524d\u4e16\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u62c9\u5e03\u5bfa\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c5e\u5bfa\u9a7b\u9521\u4f20\u6cd5\uff0c\u4fe1\u5f92\u4f17\u591a\u3002\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u57281958\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u4ed624\u5c81\u7684\u5e74\u7eaa\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u621b\u7136\u800c\u6b62\u3002\u4ed6\u6b7b\u4e86\u3002<\/span><span><\/span><\/div>\n<p><b>\u8bd1\u6ce8\uff1a<\/b><\/p>\n<p><i>[\u8bd1\u6ce81] \u63d0\u6469\u897f\u00b7\u65af\u5948\u5fb7\uff08Timothy Snyder\uff09\uff0c\u51fa\u751f\u4e8e1969\u5e74\uff0c1997\u5e74\u83b7\u5f97\u82f1\u56fd\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b66\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\uff0c\u73b0\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u8036\u9c81\u5927\u5b66\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u3002\u300a\u8840\u8272\u5927\u5730\u300b\uff08Bloodlands\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u7814\u7a76\u4e8c\u6218\u524d\u540e\u5fb7\u56fd\u548c\u82cf\u8054\u4e24\u56fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u82e5\u5e72\u5c0f\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u906d\u53d7\u96c6\u4f53\u5c60\u6740\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e13\u8457\u3002\u6709\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4e9a\u9a6c\u900a\u7f51\u7ad9\u8d2d\u5f97\u6b64\u4e66\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u7cbe\u88c5\u7248\u3002<\/i><br \/><i><br \/><\/i><i>[\u8bd1\u6ce82]\u6d1b\u5730\u2022\u5609\u65e5\uff08Lodi Gyaltsen Gyari\uff09\u66fe\u62c5\u4efb\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u7279\u4f7f\u548c\u897f\u85cf\u6d41\u4ea1\u653f\u5e9c\u9a7b\u7f8e\u603b\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u591a\u6b21\u4ee3\u8868\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u65b9\u9762\u4f1a\u6664\uff0c\u66fe\u7ecf\u62c5\u4efb\u56fd\u9645\u58f0\u63f4\u897f\u85cf\u8fd0\u52a8\u8463\u4e8b\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u4e3b\u5e2d\u3002<\/i><br \/><i><br \/><\/i><i>[\u8bd1\u6ce83] \u6c99\u4f2f\u529b(Barry Sautman)\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u5f8b\u5e08\uff0c\u5c31\u804c\u4e8e\u9999\u6e2f\u79d1\u6280\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u79cd\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u4e2d\u975e\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4ed6\u6709\u5173\u56fe\u4f2f\u7279\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u89c2\u70b9\u53ef\u53c2\u89c1\u4ed6\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u300a\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u79cd\u65cf\u706d\u7edd\u4e0e\u56fe\u4f2f\u7279\u300b\uff08\u201cColonialism, Genocide, and Tibet\u201d\uff0c<a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/blog.hiddenharmonies.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/07\/Sautman-2006-Colonialism-Genocide-Tibet.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/blog.hiddenharmonies.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/07\/Sautman-2006-Colonialism-Genocide-Tibet.pdf<\/a>\uff09<\/i><br \/><i><br \/><\/i><i>[\u8bd1\u6ce84]\u7eb3\u4ed3\u2022\u6012\u7f57\u7684\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\uff0c\u85cf\u6587\u539f\u8457\u300a\u7eb3\u4ed3\u7537\u5b69\u7684\u7ae5\u5e74\u300b \u4e8e2007\u5e746\u6708\u7531\u4f5c\u8005\u81ea\u8d39\u5728\u897f\u5b81\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u4e2d\u6587\u7248\u4e66\u540d\u4e3a\u300a\u90a3\u5e74\uff0c\u4e16\u65f6\u7ffb\u8f6c\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u897f\u85cf\u4eba\u7684\u7ae5\u5e74\u56de\u5fc6\u300b\uff0c\u4e8e2011\u5e74\u7531\u53f0\u6e7e\u96ea\u57df\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u51fa\u7248\u3002\u66f4\u52a0\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u552f\u8272\u5973\u58eb\u535a\u5ba2\u4e2d\u7684\u6709\u5173\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff08<a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/woeser.middle-way.net\/2011\/03\/blog-post_16.html\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/woeser.middle-way.net\/2011\/03\/blog-post_16.html<\/a>\uff09\u3002<\/i><br \/><i><br \/><\/i><i>[\u8bd1\u6ce85]\u8c2d\u00b7\u6208\u4f26\u592b\uff08Tom Grunfeld\uff09 \u7f8e\u56fd\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u5e1d\u5dde\u5b66\u9662(State University of New York Empire State college)\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u6bd5\u4e1a\u4e8e\u4f26\u6566\u5927\u5b66\u4e1c\u65b9\u4e0e\u975e\u6d32\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u548c\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5927\u5b66\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4f5c\u4e3a\u300a\u73b0\u4ee3\u897f\u85cf\u7684\u8bde\u751f\u300b\uff08The Making of Modern Tibet\uff09\u3002<\/i><br \/><i><br \/><\/i><i>[\u8bd1\u6ce86] \u62c9\u7ae0\uff0c\u535a\u4f0a\uff08\u85cf\u6587\uff09\u7684\u97f3\u8bd1\uff0c\u76f4\u8bd1\u7684\u610f\u601d\u4e3a\u201c\u4f5b\u7684\u5bab\u6bbf\u201d\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u6307\u5bfa\u9662\u4e2d\u6731\u53e4\uff08\u6c49\u8bed\u79f0\u201c\u6d3b\u4f5b\u201d\uff09\u7684\u5b85\u90b8\u3002<\/i><\/p>\n<div><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/tracker\/101413679960970342-3100850456472918510?l=woeser.middle-way.net\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\n<\/p>\n<p><small>\u672c\u6587\u7531\u81ea\u52a8\u805a\u5408\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53d6\u81ea\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u548c\u89c2\u70b9\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u6570\u5b57\u65f6\u4ee3\u7acb\u573a<\/small><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheet\/embeddedform?formkey=dGRpN3FrVThuMFFsZHBZcmNGLW94dEE6MQ\" width=\"450\" height=\"309\" frameborder=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\">Loading&#8230;<\/iframe><\/p>\n<form method=\"POST\" action=\"http:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.us4.list-manage.com\/subscribe\/post?u=17daa75df533f6c6ff72e51ab&#038;id=2ea93c5b7b\">\n<a href=\"http:\/\/eepurl.com\/msuvD\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u5899\u5916\u65b0\u95fb\u5b9e\u65f6\u66f4\u65b0 \u6b22\u8fce\u8ba2\u9605\u6570\u5b57\u65f6\u4ee3<\/a><br \/>\n <br \/><input type=\"email\" value=\"\" name=\"EMAIL\" id=\"mce-EMAIL_in_post\" size=\"25\" style=\"display:block;\" placeholder=\"\u8bf7\u8f93\u5165\u60a8\u7684\u90ae\u4ef6\u5730\u5740\" required><br \/>\n\t<input type=\"submit\" value=\"\u70b9\u51fb\u8ba2\u9605\" name=\"subscribe\" style=\"height: 20px;\" id=\"in_post_subscribe\"><br \/>\n<\/form>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p> \u552f\u8272\u6ce8\uff1a\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u7bc7\u76f8\u5f53\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5386\u53f2\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u56fe\u4f2f\u7279\uff08\u897f\u85cf\uff09\uff1b\u4e5f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u66f4\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4eba\u6027\uff08\u8fd9\u8bdd\u5c24\u5176\u8981\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e9b\u523b\u610f\u7f54\u987e\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3001\u88ab\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u51f6\u624b\u6539\u53d8\u4eba\u6027\u7684\u6240\u8c13\u5b66\u8005\u5927\u58f0\u5f3a\u8c03\uff09\u3002\u611f\u8c22\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5b66\u8005 Elliot Sperling\uff0c\u611f\u8c22\u8bd1\u8005\u66f4\u6851\u4e1c\u667a\u3002\u9700\u8981\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u5728\u4ece\u8bd1\u8005\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\u201c \u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u4e0d\u8bf4 \uff1f \u201d\u8f6c\u8f7d\u8fd9\u7bc7\u8bd1\u6587\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u6ce8\u89e3\uff0c\u89c1\u7b26\u53f7\u4e3a\u3010\u3011\u5185\u7684\u6ce8\u89e3\uff0c\u4e3a\u7684\u662f\u4fbf\u4e8e\u9605\u8bfb\u4e2d\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u7684\u9ed1\u4f53\u5b57\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4e3a\u6211\u6dfb\u52a0\u3002\u8bfb\u5230\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6bb5\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u884c\u201c \u540e\u6765\uff0c\u57281958\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u4ed624\u5c81\u7684\u5e74\u7eaa\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u621b\u7136\u800c\u6b62\u3002\u4ed6\u6b7b\u4e86 \u201d\uff0c\u60b2\u6124\u96be\u5f53\u2026\u2026 \u827e\u7565\u7279\u2022\u53f2\u4f2f\u5cad\uff1a\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7edf\u8ba1 The Body Count \u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u827e\u7565\u7279\u2022\u53f2\u4f2f\u5cad\uff08Elliot Sperling\uff09 \u8bd1\u8005\uff1a\u66f4\u6851\u4e1c\u667a\uff08@johnlee1021\uff09 \u53d1\u8868\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a2012\u5e7409\u670814\u65e5 \u539f\u6587\u7f51\u5740\uff1a\u8ba9\u8d5e\u8054\u76df\u7f51\u7ad9\uff08 http:\/\/www.rangzen.net\/2012\/09\/14\/the-body-count-2\/ \uff09 \u827e\u7565\u7279\u2022\u53f2\u4f2f\u5cad\uff08Elliot Sperling\uff09 \u4eba\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u5341\u4e2a\u6570\u95f4\u9694\u7684\u6574\u6570\u6765\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3002\u4f46\u4e0d\u77e5\u4f55\u6545\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6b7b\u4ea1\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u4e0d\u662f\u96f6\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u8ba9\u4eba\u94ed\u8bb0\u2026\u2026\u5728\u7279\u96f7\u5e03\u6797\u5361\uff08Treblinka\uff09\u4e27\u751f\u7684\u4eba\u6570780,863\u6216\u8bb8\u5bb9\u6613\u8ba9\u4eba\u60f3\u8d77\uff1a\u672b\u5c3e\u7684\u6570\u5b573\u6216\u8bb8\u5c31\u662f\u5854\u739b\u62c9\uff08Tamara\uff09\u548c\u4f0a\u5854\u2022\u7ef4\u4f26\u4f2f\u683c\uff08Itta Willenberg\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u88ab\u6bd2\u6c14\u81f4\u6b7b\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8863\u670d\u8fd8\u7d27\u7d27\u7f20\u7ed5\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff1b\u6216\u8bb8\u8fd8\u6709\u9732\u4e1d\u2022\u591a\u8299\u66fc\uff08Ruth Dorfman\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u8d70\u8fdb\u6bd2\u6c14\u5ba4\u524d\uff0c\u5979\u8fd8\u80fd\u548c\u4e3a\u5979\u526a\u6389\u5934\u53d1\u7684\u7537\u4eba\u4e00\u8d77\u75db\u54ed\u2026\u2026\u57281940\u5e74\uff0c\u88ab\u82cf\u8054\u5185\u52a1\u90e8\uff08NKVD\uff09\u67aa\u6740\u768421,892\u540d\u6ce2\u5170\u6218\u4fd8\u90fd\u6b63\u503c\u58ee\u5e74\u3002\u672b\u5c3e\u7684\u6570\u5b572\u6216\u8bb8\u5c31\u662f\u675c\u522b\u65af\u74e6\u2022\u96c5\u5e93\u5e03\u7ef4\u8328\uff08Dobies\u0142aw Jakubowicz\uff09\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u5bf9\u5973\u513f\u9b42\u7275\u68a6\u8426\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\uff1b\u6216\u8bb8\u5c31\u662f\u4e9a\u5f53\u2022\u7d22\u7f57\u65af\u57fa\uff08Adam Solski\uff09\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u5728\u5b50\u5f39\u5c04\u8fdb\u5934\u9885\u7684\u5f53\u5929\u8fd8\u5728\u65e5\u8bb0\u4e2d\u63cf\u5199\u81ea\u5df1\u5a5a\u6212\u7684\u4e08\u592b\u3002\u7eb3\u7cb9\u548c\u82cf\u8054\u653f\u5e9c\u628a\u6d3b\u751f\u751f\u7684\u4eba\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u4f30\u8ba1\u548c\u731c\u6d4b\u53bb\u8ffd\u60f3\uff0c\u800c\u6709\u4e9b\u5219\u80fd\u591f\u76f8\u5f53\u7cbe\u786e\u5730\u8fd8\u539f\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u8d23\u4efb\u8ffd\u5bfb\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u5b57\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u601d\u8003\uff1b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u8d23\u4efb\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u5b57\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3a\u4eba\u7269\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u548c\u65af\u5927\u6797\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u5c31\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u8fd8\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4eba\u6027\u3002 \u2014\u2014\u63d0\u6469\u897f\u2022\u65af\u5948\u5fb7\u300a\u8840\u8272\u5927\u5730\u300b\uff08Timothy Snyder, Bloodlands\uff09[\u8bd1\u6ce81] 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\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u56fe\u4f2f\u7279\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5728\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5883\u5185\u6781\u5c11\u88ab\u63d0\u53ca\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u5b98\u65b9\u5c42\u9762\u4e00\u76f4\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u800c\u4e14 \u5373\u4f7f\u63d0\u5230\u4e5f\u53ea\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5426\u8ba4\u66fe\u7ecf\u53d1\u751f\u8fc7\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6 \u3002\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u6d41\u4ea1\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\u4e5f\u5f88\u5c11\u89c1\u5230\u76f8\u5173\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff0c\u6216\u8bb8\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\uff08\u4e2d\u56fd\uff09<a href=\"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/space\/%E7%BB%9F%E6%88%98%E9%83%A8\" target=\"_blank\">\u7edf\u6218\u90e8<\/a>\u6240\u4e0b\u8fbe\u7684\u4e00\u9053\u7981\u4ee4\uff1a\u535a\u5df4\u4e0d\u8bb8\u505a\u4efb\u4f55\u8ba9\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u96be\u582a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff08\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u63a8\u79fb\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u9053\u7981\u4ee4\u662f<a href=\"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/space\/%E7%BB%9F%E6%88%98%E9%83%A8\" target=\"_blank\">\u7edf\u6218\u90e8<\/a> \u76f4\u63a5\u5bf9\u6d1b\u5730\u2022\u5609\u65e5[Lodi Gyari][\u8bd1\u6ce82]\u4e0b\u8fbe\u7684 \uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u7531\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u6b63\u5f0f\u5ba3\u5e03\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2d\u95f4\u6240\u5305\u542b\u7684\uff08\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\uff09\u5974\u989c\u5a62\u819d\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7740\u5b9e\u53d1\u4eba\u6df1\u7701\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u86db\u4e1d\u9a6c\u8ff9\u5e76\u4e0d\u603b\u80fd\u7b26\u5408\u653f\u6cbb\u9886\u8896\u4eec\u7684\u610f\u613f\u3002\u00a0 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Watch\uff09\u65e9\u57281988\u5e74\u5c31\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u65e0\u6cd5\u6838\u5b9e\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\uff08\u6c99\u4f2f\u529b\u4e4b\u6d41\uff09\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7edf\u6cbb\u56fe\u4f2f\u7279\u7684\u5934\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u53d1\u751f\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u89c6\u800c\u4e0d\u89c1\u3002 \u7eb3\u4ed3\u6012\u7f57\uff08Nag-tshang 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mchog-grub\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u62c9\u5e03\u5bfa\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e16\u963f\u4e01\u6731\u53e4\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u5728\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u85cf\u5b66\u300b\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u9875\u6587\u7ae0\u4e0a\u6e05\u6670\u53ef\u89c1\u3002\u636e\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u77e5\uff0c\u4ed6\u751f\u524d\u5728\u5b89\u591a\u5730\u533a\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u5f18\u626c\u4f5b\u6cd5\uff1b\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u524d\u4e16\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u62c9\u5e03\u5bfa\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c5e\u5bfa\u9a7b\u9521\u4f20\u6cd5\uff0c\u4fe1\u5f92\u4f17\u591a\u3002\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u57281958\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u4ed624\u5c81\u7684\u5e74\u7eaa\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u621b\u7136\u800c\u6b62\u3002\u4ed6\u6b7b\u4e86\u3002 \u8bd1\u6ce8\uff1a [\u8bd1\u6ce81] \u63d0\u6469\u897f\u00b7\u65af\u5948\u5fb7\uff08Timothy Snyder\uff09\uff0c\u51fa\u751f\u4e8e1969\u5e74\uff0c1997\u5e74\u83b7\u5f97\u82f1\u56fd\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b66\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\uff0c\u73b0\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u8036\u9c81\u5927\u5b66\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u3002\u300a\u8840\u8272\u5927\u5730\u300b\uff08Bloodlands\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u7814\u7a76\u4e8c\u6218\u524d\u540e\u5fb7\u56fd\u548c\u82cf\u8054\u4e24\u56fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u82e5\u5e72\u5c0f\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u906d\u53d7\u96c6\u4f53\u5c60\u6740\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e13\u8457\u3002\u6709\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4e9a\u9a6c\u900a\u7f51\u7ad9\u8d2d\u5f97\u6b64\u4e66\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u7cbe\u88c5\u7248\u3002 [\u8bd1\u6ce82]\u6d1b\u5730\u2022\u5609\u65e5\uff08Lodi Gyaltsen Gyari\uff09\u66fe\u62c5\u4efb\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u7279\u4f7f\u548c\u897f\u85cf\u6d41\u4ea1\u653f\u5e9c\u9a7b\u7f8e\u603b\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u591a\u6b21\u4ee3\u8868\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u65b9\u9762\u4f1a\u6664\uff0c\u66fe\u7ecf\u62c5\u4efb\u56fd\u9645\u58f0\u63f4\u897f\u85cf\u8fd0\u52a8\u8463\u4e8b\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u4e3b\u5e2d\u3002 [\u8bd1\u6ce83] \u6c99\u4f2f\u529b(Barry Sautman)\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u5f8b\u5e08\uff0c\u5c31\u804c\u4e8e\u9999\u6e2f\u79d1\u6280\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u79cd\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u4e2d\u975e\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4ed6\u6709\u5173\u56fe\u4f2f\u7279\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u89c2\u70b9\u53ef\u53c2\u89c1\u4ed6\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u300a\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u79cd\u65cf\u706d\u7edd\u4e0e\u56fe\u4f2f\u7279\u300b\uff08\u201cColonialism, Genocide, and Tibet\u201d\uff0c http:\/\/blog.hiddenharmonies.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/07\/Sautman-2006-Colonialism-Genocide-Tibet.pdf \uff09 [\u8bd1\u6ce84]\u7eb3\u4ed3\u2022\u6012\u7f57\u7684\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\uff0c\u85cf\u6587\u539f\u8457\u300a\u7eb3\u4ed3\u7537\u5b69\u7684\u7ae5\u5e74\u300b \u4e8e2007\u5e746\u6708\u7531\u4f5c\u8005\u81ea\u8d39\u5728\u897f\u5b81\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u4e2d\u6587\u7248\u4e66\u540d\u4e3a\u300a\u90a3\u5e74\uff0c\u4e16\u65f6\u7ffb\u8f6c\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u897f\u85cf\u4eba\u7684\u7ae5\u5e74\u56de\u5fc6\u300b\uff0c\u4e8e2011\u5e74\u7531\u53f0\u6e7e\u96ea\u57df\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u51fa\u7248\u3002\u66f4\u52a0\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u552f\u8272\u5973\u58eb\u535a\u5ba2\u4e2d\u7684\u6709\u5173\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff08 http:\/\/woeser.middle-way.net\/2011\/03\/blog-post_16.html \uff09\u3002 [\u8bd1\u6ce85]\u8c2d\u00b7\u6208\u4f26\u592b\uff08Tom Grunfeld\uff09 \u7f8e\u56fd\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u5e1d\u5dde\u5b66\u9662(State University of New York Empire State college)\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u6bd5\u4e1a\u4e8e\u4f26\u6566\u5927\u5b66\u4e1c\u65b9\u4e0e\u975e\u6d32\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u548c\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5927\u5b66\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4f5c\u4e3a\u300a\u73b0\u4ee3\u897f\u85cf\u7684\u8bde\u751f\u300b\uff08The Making of Modern Tibet\uff09\u3002 [\u8bd1\u6ce86] \u62c9\u7ae0\uff0c\u535a\u4f0a\uff08\u85cf\u6587\uff09\u7684\u97f3\u8bd1\uff0c\u76f4\u8bd1\u7684\u610f\u601d\u4e3a\u201c\u4f5b\u7684\u5bab\u6bbf\u201d\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u6307\u5bfa\u9662\u4e2d\u6731\u53e4\uff08\u6c49\u8bed\u79f0\u201c\u6d3b\u4f5b\u201d\uff09\u7684\u5b85\u90b8\u3002 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