{"id":283720,"date":"2013-03-12T20:00:34","date_gmt":"2013-03-13T03:00:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/2013\/03\/%e8%83%a1%e7%8e%89%e5%9d%a4%ef%bc%9a%e5%86%9c%e5%9c%b0%e5%88%b6%e3%80%81%e5%9c%9f%e5%9c%b0%e5%88%a9%e7%94%a8%e4%b8%8e%e5%8f%af%e6%8c%81%e7%bb%ad%e5%8f%91%e5%b1%95\/"},"modified":"2013-03-12T20:00:34","modified_gmt":"2013-03-13T03:00:34","slug":"%e8%83%a1%e7%8e%89%e5%9d%a4%ef%bc%9a%e5%86%9c%e5%9c%b0%e5%88%b6%e3%80%81%e5%9c%9f%e5%9c%b0%e5%88%a9%e7%94%a8%e4%b8%8e%e5%8f%af%e6%8c%81%e7%bb%ad%e5%8f%91%e5%b1%95","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/283720.html","title":{"rendered":"\u80e1\u7389\u5764\uff1a\u519c\u5730\u5236\u3001\u571f\u5730\u5229\u7528\u4e0e\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<p>\u80e1\u7389\u5764\uff1a\u519c\u5730\u5236\u3001\u571f\u5730\u5229\u7528\u4e0e\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55<\/p>\n<p>\u2014\u2014\u4ee5\u5185\u8499\u53e4\u4e00\u4e2a\u6751\u843d\u7684\u516d\u5341\u5e74\u53d8\u8fc1\u4e3a\u4f8b<\/p>\n<p><strong><br 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\/>\u3000\u3000\u519c\u5730\u5236\u3001\u571f\u5730\u5229\u7528\u4e0e\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u662f\u5904\u4e8e\u56fd\u9645\u5b66\u672f\u524d\u6cbf\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d1\u5c55\u8bfe\u9898\u3002\u519c\u5730\u5236\u5ea6\u88ab\u516c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u571f\u5730\u7b49\u81ea\u7136\u8d44\u6e90\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u5229\u7528\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u6027\u8981\u7d20\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u6210\u4e3a\u8003\u5bdf\u73af\u5883\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u5207\u5165\u70b9[3]\u3002\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u800c\u63ed\u793a\uff0c\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u65e2\u53d7\u5236\u4e8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u4e5f\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u793e\u533a\u8349\u6839\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u5b9e\u8df5[4-6]\u3002\u81ea20\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u51fa\u73b0&#8221;\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55&#8221;\u6982\u5ff5\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u7684\u4ee5\u793e\u533a\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\uff08community-based natural resource management\uff09\u5907\u53d7\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u8d44\u672c\u548c\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u8d44\u6e90\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u5229\u7528\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5e38\u5e38\u6210\u4e3a\u5b66\u672f\u63a2\u7a76\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7126\u70b9[7-9]\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u57c3\u8389\u8bfa\u00b7\u5965\u65af\u7279\u7f57\u59c6\uff08Elinor Ostrom\uff09\u5bf9\u524d\u4eba\u6709\u5173\u516c\u6709\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6279\u5224\u6027\u68b3\u7406\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u7b49\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u521b\u65b0\u6027\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u5979\u56e0\u6b64\u57282009\u5e74\u6210\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u8363\u81ba\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5956\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u5973\u6027\u3002<br \/>\u3000\u3000\u6765\u81ea\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u91cf\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u8bb2\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u653f\u6cbb\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6280\u672f\u6216\u8bbe\u8ba1\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u6027\u7684\u6700\u5927\u969c\u788d\u5728\u4e8e\u5730\u65b9\u5c42\u9762\u7f3a\u4e4f\u754c\u5b9a\u548c\u8d2f\u5f7b\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u8bbe\u8ba1[10]\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u8bf4\uff0c\u65b0\u5236\u5ea6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u6709\u5173\u6b63\u89c4\u548c\u975e\u6b63\u89c4\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u6d1e\u89c1\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u63a2\u7a76\u571f\u5730\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5229\u7528\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406\u65e0\u7591\u662f\u5f88\u6709\u89e3\u91ca\u529b\u7684\u3002\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5956\u5f97\u4e3b\u7f57\u7eb3\u5fb7?\u79d1\u65af\uff08Ronald H. Coase\uff09\u548c\u9053\u683c\u62c9\u65af?\u8bfa\u601d\uff08Douglass C. North\uff09\u53ca\u5176\u6240\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u65b0\u5236\u5ea6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\uff0c\u5c06\u5236\u5ea6\u89c6\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6e38\u620f\u89c4\u5219\u5e76\u5f3a\u8c03\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u80cc\u540e\u6b63\u89c4\u4e0e\u975e\u6b63\u89c4\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8bfa\u601d\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u5236\u5ea6\u662f\u4e00\u6574\u5957\u51b3\u5b9a\u4eba\u9645\u4ee5\u53ca\u4eba\u4e0e\u81ea\u7136\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u6b63\u89c4\u4e0e\u975e\u6b63\u89c4\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u548c\u89c4\u8303\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u4e00\u9879\u6b63\u89c4\u5236\u5ea6\u6210\u529f\u4e0e\u5426\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u5f97\u5230\u98ce\u4fd7\u4e60\u60ef\u3001\u4f20\u7edf\u3001\u884c\u4e3a\u51c6\u5219\u7b49\u975e\u6b63\u89c4\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u652f\u6301[11]\u3002<br \/>\u3000\u3000\u8bda\u7136\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7ec8\u7a76\u6709\u8d56\u4e8e\u5728\u5e95\u5c42\u5316\u4e3a\u73b0\u5b9e\u3002\u5728\u519c\u6751\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u5b9e\u8df5\u5e38\u5e38\u501a\u91cd\u975e\u6b63\u89c4\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u3002&#8221;\u4e61\u571f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e4b\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u4e8e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4f20\u7edf\u519c\u533a\u7684\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u975e\u89c4\u8303\u5951\u7ea6\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u7ef4\u7cfb\u519c\u6751\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0e\u4e61\u6751\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u6587\u5316\u57fa\u7840&#8221;[12]\u3002\u7ea6\u5b9a\u4fd7\u6210\u7684\u4e61\u95f4\u60ef\u4e60\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u6e90\u8fdc\u6d41\u957f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u968f\u7740\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d8\u8fc1\u800c\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5f02\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60ef\u4e60\u5e38\u5e38\u6210\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u6b63\u89c4\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u652f\u6491[13]29-30\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u6751\u6c11\u544a\u8bc9\u7b14\u8005\u7684\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u6bb5\u8bdd\u4e5f\u662f\u9887\u5177\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u7684\uff1a&#8221;\u519c\u6751\u7684\u5f88\u591a\u4e8b\u60c5\u4ec0\u4e48\u653f\u7b56\u4e0d\u653f\u7b56\u7684\uff0c\u8bf4\u7a7f\u4e86\u7ecf\u90fd\u662f\u5e95\u4e0b\u5ff5\u7684\uff0c\u5149\u7167\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u8fd8\u529e\u4e0d\u6210\u4e8b\u60c5\u5462\uff01\u6709\u4e9b\u4e8b\u60c5\u6751\u91cc\u662f\u5b9a\u4e86\u89c4\u7ae0\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u5199\u5199\u7684\uff0c\u6ca1\u5565\u7528\u5904\u3002&#8221;\u5e95\u5c42\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u9996\u521b\u6d3b\u52a8\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u50ac\u751f\u56fd\u5bb6\u6b63\u89c4\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u53d8\u9769\u3002\u5b89\u5fbd\u5c0f\u5c97\u675118\u4e2a\u6751\u6c11\u6309\u8840\u624b\u5370\u641e\u5305\u4ea7\u5230\u6237\u7684\u8349\u6839\u5236\u5ea6\u521b\u65b0\u4e4b\u4e3e\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u6539\u5199\u4e61\u571f\u4e2d\u56fd\u571f\u5730\u5229\u7528\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u4f8b\u8bc1\u3002<br \/>\u3000\u3000\u5728\u4e61\u571f\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u8d44\u672c\u3001\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u3001\u5a5a\u59fb\u5bb6\u5ead\u53ca\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u5173\u7cfb\u7b49\u4f5c\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u571f\u5730\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u83b7\u5f97\u3001\u5229\u7528\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u3002Jules Pretty\uff08\u6731\u5c14\u65af \u00b7 \u666e\u96f7\u8482\uff09 \u548c Hugh Ward\uff08\u4f11 \u00b7 \u6c83\u5fb7\uff09\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u8bed\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c06\u793e\u4f1a\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u8981\u7d20\u754c\u5b9a\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u56db\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff1a\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff1b\u4e92\u60e0\u4e0e\u4ea4\u6362\uff1b\u666e\u904d\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u3001\u89c4\u8303\u548c\u60e9\u6212\uff1b\u76f8\u4e92\u8054\u7cfb\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u53ca\u5c0f\u7ec4[8]\u3002\u4e16\u754c\u94f6\u884c\u4e5f\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u754c\u8bf4\uff0c\u5373\u793e\u4f1a\u8d44\u672c\u662f\u4eba\u4e0e\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\u4e0e\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u7531\u6b64\u800c\u884d\u751f\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u5171\u6709\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u8d44\u672c\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u4eba\u7fa4\u5185\u90e8\u4ee5\u53ca\u4eba\u7fa4\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u6210\u4e3a\u4fc3\u8fdb\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u53d8\u91cf[14]\u3002\u5728\u6751\u843d\u4e00\u7ea7\uff0c\u571f\u5730\u5206\u914d\u3001\u516c\u6709\u5730\u5229\u7528\u3001\u571f\u5730\u7ea0\u7eb7\u5904\u7406\u3001\u519c\u7530\u6c34\u5229\u5efa\u8bbe\u4ee5\u53ca\u519c\u7530\u704c\u6e89\u7b49\u5404\u79cd\u516c\u5171\u95ee\u9898\u65e0\u7591\u90fd\u6709\u8d56\u793e\u533a\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u5168\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ea6\u670960\u4e07\u4e2a\u884c\u653f\u6751\u548c320\u4e07\u81ea\u7136\u6751\uff0c\u867d\u5219\u5404\u5730\u571f\u5730\u8d44\u6e90\u7980\u8d4b\u3001\u4eba\u5730\u5173\u7cfb\u7d27\u5f20\u548c\u751f\u6001\u73af\u5883\u6076\u5316\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0d\u5c3d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u6751\u6c11\u65e5\u5e38\u7684\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406\u6d3b\u52a8\u65e0\u7591\u90fd\u662f\u5d4c\u5165\u591a\u6837\u5316\u7684\u6b63\u89c4\u4e0e\u975e\u6b63\u89c4\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u8fd0\u4f5c\u4e4b\u4e2d\u7684\u3002<br \/>\u3000\u3000\u65b0\u8fd1\u4e8c\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u4e2d\u5916\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u4e0d\u4e4f\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u571f\u5730\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0e\u519c\u5730\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u63a2\u7a76\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b66\u8005\u5df2\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u519c\u5730\u653f\u7b56\u53ca\u5176\u5386\u53f2\u6f14\u53d8\u505a\u8fc7\u7cfb\u7edf\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u6709\u5173\u8015\u5730\u4e27\u5931\u548c\u9000\u5316\u5bf9\u519c\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u3001\u7cae\u98df\u4f9b\u7ed9\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u53ca\u751f\u6001\u73af\u5883\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u805a\u5408\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u5c42\u51fa\u4e0d\u7a77\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5f80\u5f80\u6e38\u79bb\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5ffd\u89c6\u4e86\u5fae\u89c2\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u6d41\u53d8\uff0c\u4e5f\u6781\u5c11\u89e6\u53ca\u519c\u5730\u5236\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u8fd0\u4f5c\u53ca\u5bf9\u5f53\u5730\u751f\u6001\u73af\u5883\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u805a\u65cf\u800c\u5c45\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u6751\u867d\u662f\u4e61\u6751\u5c45\u6c11\u540c\u571f\u5730\u8d44\u6e90\u5bc6\u5207\u6253\u4ea4\u9053\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u573a\u57df\uff0c\u4f46\u5c31\u7b14\u8005\u6240\u77e5\uff0c\u4e13\u95e8\u8003\u5bdf\u6751\u843d\u4e00\u7ea7\u571f\u5730\u6301\u7eed\u6216\u4e0d\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u5229\u7528\u53ca\u5176\u751f\u6001\u73af\u5883\u540e\u679c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5f88\u5c11\u3002\u4ece\u4ece\u957f\u65f6\u6bb5\u5386\u53f2\u89c6\u89d2\u4e88\u4ee5\u7cfb\u7edf\u68b3\u7406\u5e76\u5c06\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u8d44\u672c\u7b49\u5236\u5ea6\u56e0\u7d20\u5f15\u5165\u5206\u6790\u7684\u66f4\u4ed8\u9619\u5982\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u65e8\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u519c\u5730\u5236\u53d8\u8fc1\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ece\u5386\u53f2\u89c6\u91ce\u63a2\u7a76\u4e00\u4e2a\u6751\u843d\u4e16\u754c\u4ee5\u5f8060\u5e74\u571f\u5730\u5229\u7528\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e0e\u751f\u6001\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u7740\u91cd\u63a2\u7a76\u975e\u6b63\u89c4\u5236\u5ea6\u6240\u8d77\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<br \/>\u3000\u3000\u519c\u5730\u4e0d\u5355\u4e3a\u4e61\u6751\u5c45\u6c11\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u98df\u7269\u4fdd\u969c\u548c\u751f\u8ba1\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5c31\u4e1a\u673a\u4f1a\u548c\u6536\u5165\u6765\u6e90\u3002\u636e&#8221;\u516d\u666e&#8221;\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5c45\u4f4f\u4e61\u6751\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u4ecd\u67096.74\u4ebf\uff0c\u5360\u603b\u4eba\u53e3\u768450.3%\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u5730\u5173\u7cfb\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7d27\u5f20\uff0c\u73b0\u6709\u8015\u5730\u4ec518\u4ebf\u4ea9\u591a\u70b9\uff0c\u5018\u82e5\u630913\u4ebf\u4eba\u53e3\u52a0\u4ee5\u5e73\u5747\u7684\u8bdd\u6bcf\u4eba\u4ec5\u6709\u7ea61.4\u4ea9\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e16\u754c\u4eba\u5747\u5360\u6709\u91cf\u7684\u7ea6\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u6fc0\u52b1\u5c0f\u519c\u5584\u5f85\u519c\u5730\u5e76\u8d4b\u6743\u4e61\u6751\u5c45\u6c11\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u5730\u5229\u7528\u3001\u4fdd\u62a4\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u571f\u5730\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u5341\u5206\u8feb\u5207\u800c\u4e14\u6781\u4e3a\u5fc5\u8981\u3002\u63a2\u7a76\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u4fc3\u8fdb\u519c\u4e1a\u548c\u519c\u6751\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u519c\u5730\u5236\u5b89\u6392\u548c\u571f\u5730\u5229\u7528\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u4e0d\u5355\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u76f4\u9762\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u8bfe\u9898\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u95ee\u9898\u3002<br \/>\u3000\u3000<br \/>\u3000\u3000\u4e8c\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u573a\u57df\u4e0e\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5<br \/>\u3000\u3000<br \/>\u3000\u3000\u672c\u6587\u57fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u5185\u8499\u53e4\u8d64\u5cf0\u5e02X\u65d7\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u7136\u5c6f\uff08\u6b64\u6587\u59d1\u79f0Y\u6751\uff09\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7814\u7a76\uff08ethnographic 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