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3e\u4f1a\u6587\u5316\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0e\u52aa\u529b\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u6027\u754c\u5b9a\u4ee5\u53ca\u201c\u91cd\u65b0\u5c01\u5efa\u5316\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u54c8\u8d1d\u9a6c\u65af\u5bf9\u4e8e\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u4e3a\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u6240\u8c13\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u610f\u6307\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u67d0\u79cd\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e8e\u516c\u4f17\u8206\u8bba\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u5f62\u6210\u3002\u5411\u6240\u6709\u516c\u6c11\u5f00\u653e\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u4fdd\u969c\u3002\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u79c1\u4eba\u805a\u4f1a\u3001\u5f62\u6210\u516c\u5171\u56e2\u4f53\u7684\u8c08\u8bdd\u4e2d\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\u751f\u6210\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u65e2\u4e0d\u50cf\u5546\u4eba\u548c\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u58eb\u90a3\u6837\u5904\u7406\u79c1\u4eba\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u50cf\u67d0\u4e2a\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u9636\u5c42\u7684\u6210\u5458\u90a3\u6837\u670d\u4ece\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b98\u50da\u673a\u6784\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u9650\u5236\u3002\u5f53\u516c\u6c11\u4eec\u4ee5\u4e0d\u53d7\u9650\u5236\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u534f\u5546\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u5171\u56e2\u4f53\u884c\u4e8b\u2014\u2014\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6d89\u53ca\u516c\u4f17\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u6709\u805a\u4f1a\u3001\u7ed3\u793e\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u53d1\u8868\u610f\u89c1\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u578b\u516c\u5171\u56e2\u4f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4ea4\u6d41\u9700\u8981\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u6765\u4f20\u9012\u4fe1\u606f\u5e76\u5f71\u54cd\u4fe1\u606f\u63a5\u53d7\u8005\u3002\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u62a5\u7eb8\u3001\u6742\u5fd7\u3001\u5e7f\u64ad\u548c\u7535\u89c6\u5c31\u662f\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5a92\u4ecb\u3002(Habermas, 2001: pp.102)<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u6790\u51fa\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\u4e00\u4e9b\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6027\u8d28\u662f\u89c4\u8303\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u6216\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u7b26\u5408\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u5408\u683c\u7684\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df(Verstraeten, 1996)\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u8bba\u575b\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4e0e\u516c\u5171\u4e8b\u52a1\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8bdd\u9898\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u6b64\u5f97\u5230\u4ea4\u6d41\u548c\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7fa4\u4f53\u8fdb\u884c\u8868\u8fbe\u548c\u4ea4\u6d41\u4e0d\u540c\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u573a\u6240;\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u5728\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u65b9\u5f0f\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u201c\u7406\u6027\u201d\u7684\uff0c\u9075\u5faa\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u3001\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u9002\u7528\u7684\u539f\u5219\u548c\u516c\u5171\u793c\u4eea\uff0c\u662f\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u7cbe\u5f69\u548c\u8bf4\u670d\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5f3a\u5236\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u516c\u5171\u8206\u8bba\u7684\u5f62\u6210;\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u4ee5\u5229\u76ca\u4e3a\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u548c\u4ee5\u6743\u529b\u4e3a\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u548c\u8bdd\u8bed\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u53d7\u5230\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5e72\u6d89\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u516c\u6c11\u8981\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5730\u8003\u5bdf\u548c\u8bc4\u4f30\u5e02\u573a\u4e0e\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\uff0c\u5bf9\u653f\u5e9c\u653f\u7b56\u8fdb\u884c\u76d1\u7763\u548c\u6279\u8bc4\uff0c\u884c\u4f7f\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\u548c\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u4fdd\u969c\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u8fd0\u8f6c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u201c\u5f00\u653e\u201d\u3001\u201c\u7406\u6027\u201d\u548c\u201c\u72ec\u7acb\u201d\u662f\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u54c8\u8d1d\u9a6c\u65af\u4e5f\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u6765\u8bc4\u4ef7\u4e0d\u540c\u5386\u53f2\u65f6\u671f\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u80cc\u666f\u4e2d\u7684\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\u662f\u5426\u5408\u683c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u745e\u5178\u5b66\u8005\u8fbe\u5c14\u683c\u4f26(Dahlgren, 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1999)\u3002\u5373\u4fbf\u662f\u5728\u6587\u5316\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u4f20\u5a92\u5546\u4e1a\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u52a0\u6df1\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u5a31\u4e50\u4ea7\u4e1a\u94fe\u6761\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5947\u89c2\u6587\u5316\u5c55\u793a\u3001\u5927\u4f17\u5316\u6587\u5316\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u3001\u5e02\u573a\u8425\u9500\u7b49\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u90fd\u4ece\u4f20\u7edf\u5927\u4f17\u4f20\u5a92\u5411\u7f51\u7edc\u5a92\u4f53\u6269\u5f20\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u6b63\u5728\u65e5\u76ca\u6a21\u4eff\u5546\u4e1a\u5316\u5927\u4f17\u4f20\u5a92\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u9f13\u52b1\u5c11\u6570\u3001\u6c11\u95f4\u548c\u591a\u5143\u89c2\u70b9\u4e0e\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u9075\u5faa\u201c\u773c\u7403\u7ecf\u6d4e\u201d\u7684\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u5f3a\u5316\u4e13\u4e1a\u5316\u3001\u5546\u4e1a\u5316\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u751f\u4ea7(Patekis, 2000)\u3002\u89c6\u9891\u5206\u4eab\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8d8b\u52bf\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u5e73\u53f0\u7cbe\u82f1\u5316\u548c\u8d44\u672c\u5316\u7684\u5178\u578b\u6848\u4f8b\u3002\u4ece\u6700\u521d\u6a21\u4effYoutube\u7684\u4e1a\u4f59\u8005\u89c6\u9891\u4e0a\u4f20\u548c\u5206\u4eab\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u4f18\u9177\uff0c(<a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/redirect.viglink.com?key=11fe087258b6fc0532a5ccfc924805c0&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aisixiang.com%2Fdata%2F65941-2.html\">\u70b9\u51fb\u6b64\u5904\u9605\u8bfb\u4e0b\u4e00\u9875<\/a>)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u8d23\u7f16\uff1a<span><a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/redirect.viglink.com?key=11fe087258b6fc0532a5ccfc924805c0&amp;u=mailto%3Aisixiang%40gmail.com\">frank<\/a><\/span><br \/>\u53d1\u4fe1\u7ad9\uff1a\u7231\u601d\u60f3\uff08http:\/\/www.aisixiang.com\uff09\uff0c\u680f\u76ee\uff1a<a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" 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2001: pp.102) \u3000\u3000\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u6790\u51fa\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\u4e00\u4e9b\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6027\u8d28\u662f\u89c4\u8303\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u6216\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u7b26\u5408\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u5408\u683c\u7684\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df(Verstraeten, 1996)\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u8bba\u575b\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4e0e\u516c\u5171\u4e8b\u52a1\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8bdd\u9898\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u6b64\u5f97\u5230\u4ea4\u6d41\u548c\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7fa4\u4f53\u8fdb\u884c\u8868\u8fbe\u548c\u4ea4\u6d41\u4e0d\u540c\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u573a\u6240;\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u5728\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u65b9\u5f0f\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u201c\u7406\u6027\u201d\u7684\uff0c\u9075\u5faa\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u3001\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u9002\u7528\u7684\u539f\u5219\u548c\u516c\u5171\u793c\u4eea\uff0c\u662f\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u7cbe\u5f69\u548c\u8bf4\u670d\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5f3a\u5236\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u516c\u5171\u8206\u8bba\u7684\u5f62\u6210;\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u4ee5\u5229\u76ca\u4e3a\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u548c\u4ee5\u6743\u529b\u4e3a\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u548c\u8bdd\u8bed\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u53d7\u5230\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5e72\u6d89\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u516c\u6c11\u8981\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5730\u8003\u5bdf\u548c\u8bc4\u4f30\u5e02\u573a\u4e0e\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\uff0c\u5bf9\u653f\u5e9c\u653f\u7b56\u8fdb\u884c\u76d1\u7763\u548c\u6279\u8bc4\uff0c\u884c\u4f7f\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\u548c\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u4fdd\u969c\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u8fd0\u8f6c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u201c\u5f00\u653e\u201d\u3001\u201c\u7406\u6027\u201d\u548c\u201c\u72ec\u7acb\u201d\u662f\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u54c8\u8d1d\u9a6c\u65af\u4e5f\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u6765\u8bc4\u4ef7\u4e0d\u540c\u5386\u53f2\u65f6\u671f\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u80cc\u666f\u4e2d\u7684\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\u662f\u5426\u5408\u683c\u3002 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2005)\u636e\u6b64\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u8003\u5bdf\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff1a\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u548c\u4ea4\u5f80\u3002\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u6307\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5a92\u4f53\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3001\u5a92\u4f53\u6240\u6709\u6743\u3001\u7ba1\u5236\u65b9\u5f0f\u3001\u804c\u4e1a\u6587\u5316\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6765\u6e90\u3001\u8fd0\u8425\u6a21\u5f0f\u7b49\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u4f20\u5a92\u7684\u5f00\u653e\u6027\uff0c\u5176\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f20\u5a92\u4e0e\u653f\u5e9c\u3001\u8d44\u672c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6743\u529b\u5173\u7cfb;\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u662f\u6307\u4f20\u5a92\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3001\u9636\u5c42\u3001\u6027\u522b\u3001\u5e74\u9f84\u3001\u5730\u57df\u3001\u884c\u4e1a\u7b49\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u662f\u5426\u90fd\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u5a92\u4f53\u4e2d\u6709\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u548c\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u5a92\u4f53\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u5426\u8db3\u591f\u5305\u5bb9\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u5176\u4e2d\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u8206\u8bba\u662f\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u5173\u65b9\u5145\u5206\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u88ab\u67d0\u4e9b\u5229\u76ca\u96c6\u56e2\u548c\u504f\u72ed\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u6240\u5784\u65ad\u7684;\u4ea4\u5f80\u7684\u7ef4\u5ea6\u662f\u6307\u516c\u6c11\u5b9e\u9645\u53c2\u4e0e\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u662f\u53cc\u5411\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u88ab\u52a8\u63a5\u6536\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u7406\u6027\u8fa9\u8bba\u7684\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u60c5\u7eea\u5ba3\u6cc4\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u5e73\u7b49\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u88ab\u6743\u529b\u6240\u5de6\u53f3\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u76ee\u7684\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5a31\u4e50\u5316\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u5177\u6709\u7ecf\u9a8c\u548c\u5a92\u4ecb\u7d20\u517b\u7684\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5bf9\u5a92\u4ecb\u6280\u672f\u4e0e\u8868\u610f\u9677\u9631\u4e00\u65e0\u6240\u77e5\u7684\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u4e09\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u65e2\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u53c8\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5206\u522b\u5bf9\u5b9e\u9645\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u4ea7\u751f\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u653f\u5e9c\u8a00\u8bba\u7ba1\u63a7\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e25\u683c\u6216\u8005\u5a92\u4f53\u5784\u65ad\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5a92\u4f53\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027\u548c\u516c\u6c11\u8bdd\u8bed\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u80af\u5b9a\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u6392\u9664\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u5f3a\u804c\u4e1a\u4f26\u7406\u7684\u5a92\u4f53\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u826f\u597d\u516c\u6c11\u6587\u5316\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7fa4\u4f53\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5f25\u8865\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u504f\u5411\u3002\u56e0\u800c\uff0c\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\u4e0e\u5176\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e2\u5b9a\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f20\u5a92\u804c\u4e1a\u548c\u516c\u6c11\u6587\u5316\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5851\u9020\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u603b\u662f\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u80fd\u52a8\u4f5c\u7528\u3002 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