{"id":309270,"date":"2013-08-17T22:16:06","date_gmt":"2013-08-18T05:16:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/2013\/08\/%e7%88%b1%e6%80%9d%e6%83%b3%ef%bd%9c%e6%9d%a8%e5%b0%8f%e5%87%af%ef%bc%9a%e9%9b%86%e6%9d%83%e5%88%b6%e5%ba%a6%e4%b8%8b%e7%9a%84%e8%87%aa%e7%84%b6%e7%81%be%e5%ae%b3\/"},"modified":"2013-08-18T13:19:44","modified_gmt":"2013-08-18T20:19:44","slug":"%e7%88%b1%e6%80%9d%e6%83%b3%ef%bd%9c%e6%9d%a8%e5%b0%8f%e5%87%af%ef%bc%9a%e9%9b%86%e6%9d%83%e5%88%b6%e5%ba%a6%e4%b8%8b%e7%9a%84%e8%87%aa%e7%84%b6%e7%81%be%e5%ae%b3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/309270.html","title":{"rendered":"\u7231\u601d\u60f3\uff5c\u6768\u5c0f\u51ef\uff1a\u96c6\u6743\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0b\u7684\u201c\u81ea\u7136\u707e\u5bb3\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<p>\u4eca\u5929\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5916\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u90fd\u540c\u610f\uff0c1958-1961\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u9965\u8352\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u6b7b\u4eba\u6700\u591a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3a\u60e8\u5267\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u4eba\u7c7b\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u8f7d\u7684\u9965\u8352\u4ece\u672a\u6709\u5982\u6b64\u60e8\u70c8\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u6709\u8bb0\u8f7d\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4eba\u6570\u4e5f\u672a\u8d85\u8fc7\u8fd9\u6b21\u5927\u9965\u8352\u4e2d\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4eba\u6570\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd9\u662f\u5728\u5f88\u597d\u5e74\u6210\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u7531\u6267\u653f\u8005\u4eba\u4e3a\u9020\u6210\u7684\u60e8\u5267\u3002\u6709\u5b66\u8005\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u6545\u610f\u641e\u7834\u574f\u90fd\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u5982\u6b64\u60b2\u60e8\u7684\u7ed3\u5c40\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5916\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u4eca\u5929\u90fd\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b21\u5386\u65f6\u4e09\u5e74\u7684\u5927\u9965\u8352\u997f\u6b7b\u81f3\u5c11\u4e09\u5343\u4e07\u4eba\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b98\u65b9\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u515a\u53f2\u4e13\u8457\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c1959\u5e74\u81f31961\u5e74\u7684\u975e\u6b63\u5e38\u6b7b\u4ea1\u548c\u51cf\u5c11\u51fa\u751f\u4eba\u53e3\u6570\uff0c\u5728\u56db\u5343\u4e07\u4eba\u5de6\u53f3\u201d (\u4e1b\u8fdb\uff1a\u3008\u66f2\u6298\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5c81\u6708\u3009\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5377\uff0cp.272) \uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u91d1\u8f89 (1993) \u4ee5\u56fd\u5bb6\u7edf\u8ba1\u5c40\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u4e3a\u4f9d\u636e\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u201c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4e2d\u56fd\u519c\u6751\u7684\u975e\u6b63\u5e38\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4eba\u6570\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u8fbe\u56db\u5343\u96f6\u56db\u5341\u4e07\u201d\u3002\u6d77\u5916\u5b66\u8005\u4e01\u6292(1996, p.7)\u4ee5\u5b98\u65b9\u8d44\u6599\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u6838\u7b97\u4e5f\u5f97\u51fa\u81f3\u5c11\u4e09\u5343\u4e94\u767e\u4e07\u4eba\u997f\u6b7b\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\u6d77\u5916\u5b66\u8005\u5927\u591a\u540c\u610f\u4e09\u5e74\u9965\u8352\u997f\u6b7b\u4eba\u6570\u4e3a\u4e09\u5343\u4e07\u7684\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u800c\u5c11\u751f\u7684\u4eba\u6570\u5927\u7ea6\u5728\u4e09\u5343\u4e09\u767e\u4e07 (Chang and Wen, 1998, Peng, 1987, pp.639-70, Kane, 1988)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e09\u5e74\u5927\u9965\u8352\u662f\u96c6\u6743\u4e13\u5236\u5236\u5ea6\u53ef\u9020\u6210\u7684\u4eba\u7978\u4e25\u91cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u597d\u6848\u4f8b\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u9547\u53cd\uff0c\u8083\u53cd\uff0c\u53cd\u53f3\uff0c\u53cd\u53f3\u503e\u8fd0\u52a8\u7b49\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5bf9\u53cd\u5bf9\u6d3e\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8feb\u5bb3\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u653f\u6743\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u53d7\u5236\u7ea6\u7684\u65e0\u9650\u6743\u529b\u3002\u5bf9\u53cd\u53f3\u6d3e\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u8be6\u5c3d\u8bb0\u8f7d\u89c1\u4e01\u6292 (1993) \uff0c\u5bf9\u53cd\u53f3\u503e\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u8bb0\u8f7d\u89c1\u4e01\u6292 (1996\uff0cpp.37-86) \uff0c\u5bf9\u4e09\u53cd\uff0c\u4e94\u53cd\uff0c\u9547\u53cd\uff0c\u8083\u53cd\u7684\u6587\u732e\u8bb0\u8f7d\u89c1Teiwes, (1962,pp85-88)\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fd0\u52a8\u5f8c\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u542c\u4e0d\u5230\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u58f0\u97f3\uff0c\u53ea\u542c\u5f97\u5230\u6b4c\u529f\u9882\u5fb7\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\uff0c\u800c\u515a\u7684\u9886\u8896\u5bf9\u4e0b\u7ea7\u88ab\u8feb\u4f5c\u51fa\u7684\u6d6e\u5938\u548c\u865a\u62a5\uff0c\u4fe1\u4ee5\u4e3a\u771f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e88\u4ee5\u9f13\u52b1\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u6279\u8bc4\u53cd\u5bf9\u610f\u89c1\u8fdb\u884c\u653f\u6cbb\u8feb\u5bb3\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u653f\u5e9c\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u8d44\u8baf\u5b8c\u5168\u5931\u771f\uff0c\u5b98\u5458\u4eec\u5728\u865a\u5047\u7684\u60c5\u62a5\u548c\u4e92\u76f8\u6b3a\u9a97\u4e2d\u5ea6\u65e5\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u505a\u51fa\u6781\u7aef\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u917f\u6210\u4e16\u754c\u53f2\u4e0a\u6b7b\u4eba\u6700\u591a\u7684\u5927\u9965\u8352\u3002\u6309\u5f20\u6b23\u548c\u6587\u8d2f\u4e2d (Chang and Wen, 1998) \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e01\u6292\u7684\u6587\u732e\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff0c\u9965\u8352\u9996\u5148\u7531\u5927\u70bc\u94a2\u94c1\u59cb\u3002 1958\u5e74\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u53d1\u52a8\u5927\u8dc3\u8fdb\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u5728\u94a2\u94c1\u751f\u4ea7\u80fd\u529b\u53ea\u6709599\u4e07\u5428\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c \u8981\u6c42\u751f\u4ea71199\u4e07\u5428\u94a2\u3002 \u7531\u65bc\u94a2\u94c1\u5382\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4ea7\u91cf\uff0c \u4ed6\u5f00\u59cb\u53f7\u53ec\u5168\u6c11\u70bc\u94a2\u94c1\uff0c \u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u5927\u597d\u5e74\u6210\u628a\u519c\u6c11\u58ee\u52b3\u529b\u5f04\u53bb\u505a\u571f\u9ad8\u7089\uff0c\u5c06\u519c\u6c11\u7684\u94c1\u708a\u5177\u70bc\u6210\u5e9f\u94c1\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5927\u91cf\u6797\u6728\u88ab\u6bc1\u6389\u3002\u52a0\u4e0a\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u4eb2\u81ea\u5236\u5b9a\u519c\u4f5c\u65b9\u6cd5 (\u519c\u4e1a\u516b\u5b57\u5baa\u6cd5) 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(\u9ad8\u534e\uff0cp.60)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u5f88\u65e9\u5c31\u5bf9\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u9965\u8352\u997f\u6b7b\u4eba\uff0c\u4eba\u76f8\u98df\u7684\u60e8\u72b6\u5b8c\u5168\u77e5\u60c5\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u8111\u7f9e\u6210\u6012\uff0c\u53d8\u672c\u52a0\u5389\uff0c\u7528\u6293\u9636\u7ea7\u6597\u4e89\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u8feb\u5bb3\uff0c\u4fb5\u72af\u4eba\u6743\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\u538b\u5236\u53cd\u5bf9\u5927\u8dc3\u8fdb\u7684\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u5e76\u5343\u65b9\u767e\u8ba1\u5bfb\u627e\u65b0\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7a81\u7834\u53e3\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u4e89\u5f97\u653f\u6cbb\u4e3b\u52a8\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u5f8c\u6765\u793e\u6559\u8fd0\u52a8\u548c\u6587\u9769\u4e2d\u4ed6\u4e0e\u5218\u5c11\u5947\u7b49\u4eba\u53d1\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u9965\u8352\u5e76\u4e0d\u5149\u662f\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u7f6a\u884c\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u4e13\u5236\u72ec\u88c1\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5236\u5ea6\u5c06\u56fd\u5bb6\u673a\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u5f8c\u679c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5956\u5f97\u4e3b \u68ee(Sen,1977,1981) \u6307\u51fa\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5927\u9965\u8352\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5355\u7eaf\u7f3a\u7cae\u5f15\u8d77\uff0c \u800c\u662f\u7279\u6743\u9636\u7ea7\u5728\u7cae\u98df\u77ed\u7f3a\u65f6\u5c06\u6709\u9650\u7684\u7cae\u98df\u96c6\u4e2d\u7528\u65bc\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c \u800c\u4e0d\u987e\u6700\u7f3a\u7cae\u7684\u4e0b\u5c42\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u6025\u9700\u3002 \u6797\u548c\u6768 (Lin and Yang,1998) \u7528\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9965\u8352\u4e2d\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u5047\u60f3\u3002\u5927\u9965\u8352\u8868\u9762\u5316\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u5404\u5730\u5e72\u90e8\u7981\u6b62\u519c\u6c11\u5916\u51fa\u9003\u8352\uff0c\u7528\u4e25\u6253\u8fd0\u52a8\u6253\u51fb\u5f53\u65f6\u519c\u6751\u4e2d\u666e\u904d\u7684\u5077\u76d7\u5e84\u7a3c\u4ee5\u6c42\u6d3b\u547d\u7684\u884c\u4e3a (\u4e01\u6292\uff0c p242)\u3002 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(\u623f\u7ef4\u4e2d,p323)\u3002\u5728\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u9886\u5bfc\u5371\u673a\u4f1a\u7531\u5927\u8dc3\u8fdb\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u4e0b\u53f0\u8fc5\u901f\u89e3\u51b3\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u9886\u5bfc\u72af\u4e86\u9519\u8bef\u751a\u81f3\u7f6a\u884c\u65f6\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/space\/%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%93%E6%94%BF\" target=\"_blank\">\u4eba\u6c11\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e13\u653f<\/a>\u5236\u5ea6\u6ca1\u6709\u516c\u8ba4\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6e38\u620f\u89c4\u5219\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e00\u9886\u5bfc\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u72af\u4e86\u7f6a\u7684\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u4ecd\u7136\u5927\u6743\u5728\u63e1\u3002\u800c\u515a\u7684\u9ad8\u5c42\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u90fd\u57281961\u5e74\u4e0b\u57fa\u5c42\u8c03\u67e5\u5f8c\u4e0d\u518d\u652f\u6301\u6bdb\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u3002 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(\u3008\u5218\u6e90\uff0c\u4f55\u5bb6\u680b\u6de1\u5218\u5c11\u5947\u4e0e\u56db\u6e05\u8fd0\u52a8\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u5357\u65b9\u5468\u672b\u300b\uff0c1995\u5e7411\u670820\u65e5) \u3002\u636e\u9093\u529b\u7fa4\u56de\u5fc6\uff0c1962\u5e74\u6625\uff0c\u5218\u5728\u4e0e\u4ed6\u6de1\u8bdd\u65f6\u4e5f\u8bb2\u5230\u201c\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u997f\u6b7b\u4eba\u7684\u4e8b\u662f\u8981\u5199\u5230\u53f2\u4e66\u4e0a\u53bb\u7684\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u65f6\uff0c\u5218\u60c5\u4e0d\u81ea\u7981\u6124\u6124\u5730\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u5f53\u4e3b\u5e2d\u65f6\uff0c\u51fa\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e8b\u201d (\u9093\u529b\u7fa4\uff0c1998,pp.103,105) 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\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u5927\u7ea6\u65bc1961\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u51c6\u5907\u53cd\u51fb\u3002\u4ed61961\u5e743\u670813\u65e5\u7ed9\u5218\u5c11\u5947\uff0c\u5468\u6069\u6765\uff0c\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\uff0c\u9648\u4e91\uff0c\u5f6d\u771f\u5199\u4fe1\uff0c\u6279\u8bc4\u5218\u7b49\u5bf9\u516c\u793e\u5185\u90e8\u5173\u7cfb\u201c\u81f3\u4eca\u8fd8\u662f\u4e0d \u751a\u4e86\u4e86\u201d\uff0c\u6bdb\u770b\u5230\u5218\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u6b63\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u6269\u5927\uff0c\u201c\u4e00\u56fd\u4e8c\u4e3b\u201d\u5df2\u6210\u5b9a\u5c40\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u4ed6\u52a0\u7d27\u6279\u8f6c\u5404\u7c7b\u516c\u6587\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u5404\u7701\u5e02\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e66\u8bb0\u53d1\u5584\u5fc3\u7ed9\u4ed6\u5199\u4fe1\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f8c\u6765\u679c\u7136\u6536\u5230\u5f20\u5e73\u5316\u7b49\u4e00 \u6279\u5730\u65b9\u5b98\u5458\u62cd\u9a6c\u5c41\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u5927\u6293\u9636\u7ea7\u6597\u4e89\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef6\u3002\u6bdb\u540c\u65f6\u5173\u5fc3\u6797\u5f6a\u5065\u5eb7\uff0c\u6276\u6797\u53cd\u5218\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u9636\u7ea7\u6597\u4e89\uff0c\u4f46\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u53c8\u57281962\u5e74\u4e03\u5343\u4eba\u5927\u4f1a\u4e0a\u516c\u5f00\u627f\u8ba41959\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u72af \u4e86\u9519\u8bef (\u9ad8\u534e,p65) \u3002\u4f46\u9a6c\u4e0a\u53c8\u5728\u5f53\u5e74\u7684\u516b\u5c4a\u5341\u4e2d\u4f1a\u4f1a\u4e0a\u9f13\u5439\u9636\u7ea7\u6597\u4e89\u7684\u8def\u7ebf\uff0c\u4f01\u56fe\u91cd\u638c\u4e3b\u5bfc\u6743\u30021963\u5e74\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5f62\u52bf\u5b8c\u5168\u597d\u8f6c\uff0c\u5de5\u519c\u4e1a\u603b\u4ea7\u51fa\u5f00\u59cb\u4e0a\u5347\u5f8c\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u5f00\u59cb\u53d1\u6863\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u7f29 \u5c0f\u548c\u4ee3\u66ff\u96c6\u5e02\u8d38\u6613\uff0c\u5e76\u5426\u5b9a1961\u5e74\u884c\u4e4b\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5305\u4ea7\u5012\u6237\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u5e02\u573a\u7b49\u653f\u7b56(\u623f\u7ef4\u4e2d,p359)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u6458\u81ea\u6768\u5c0f\u51ef\u300a\u767e\u5e74\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53f2\u7b14\u8bb0\u300b\uff0c John Wiley &amp; Sons Press 2000\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u6807\u9898\u4e3a\u7f16\u8005\u6240\u62df\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u8d23\u7f16\uff1a<a href=\"http:\/\/redirect.viglink.com?key=11fe087258b6fc0532a5ccfc924805c0&amp;u=mailto%3Aisixiang%40gmail.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">frank<\/a><br \/>\n\u53d1\u4fe1\u7ad9\uff1a\u7231\u601d\u60f3\uff08http:\/\/www.aisixiang.com\uff09\uff0c\u680f\u76ee\uff1a<a href=\"http:\/\/redirect.viglink.com?key=11fe087258b6fc0532a5ccfc924805c0&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aisixiang.com%2Fdata%2Fsearch.php%3Flanmu%3D207\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">\u5929\u76ca\u5b66\u672f<\/a> &gt; <a 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\/><\/p>\n<\/form>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4eca\u5929\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5916\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u90fd\u540c\u610f\uff0c1958-1961\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u9965\u8352\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u6b7b\u4eba\u6700\u591a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3a\u60e8\u5267\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u4eba\u7c7b\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u8f7d\u7684\u9965\u8352\u4ece\u672a\u6709\u5982\u6b64\u60e8\u70c8\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u6709\u8bb0\u8f7d\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4eba\u6570\u4e5f\u672a\u8d85\u8fc7\u8fd9\u6b21\u5927\u9965\u8352\u4e2d\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4eba\u6570\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd9\u662f\u5728\u5f88\u597d\u5e74\u6210\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u7531\u6267\u653f\u8005\u4eba\u4e3a\u9020\u6210\u7684\u60e8\u5267\u3002\u6709\u5b66\u8005\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u6545\u610f\u641e\u7834\u574f\u90fd\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u5982\u6b64\u60b2\u60e8\u7684\u7ed3\u5c40\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5916\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u4eca\u5929\u90fd\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b21\u5386\u65f6\u4e09\u5e74\u7684\u5927\u9965\u8352\u997f\u6b7b\u81f3\u5c11\u4e09\u5343\u4e07\u4eba\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b98\u65b9\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u515a\u53f2\u4e13\u8457\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c1959\u5e74\u81f31961\u5e74\u7684\u975e\u6b63\u5e38\u6b7b\u4ea1\u548c\u51cf\u5c11\u51fa\u751f\u4eba\u53e3\u6570\uff0c\u5728\u56db\u5343\u4e07\u4eba\u5de6\u53f3\u201d (\u4e1b\u8fdb\uff1a\u3008\u66f2\u6298\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5c81\u6708\u3009\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5377\uff0cp.272) \uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u91d1\u8f89 (1993) \u4ee5\u56fd\u5bb6\u7edf\u8ba1\u5c40\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u4e3a\u4f9d\u636e\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u201c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4e2d\u56fd\u519c\u6751\u7684\u975e\u6b63\u5e38\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4eba\u6570\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u8fbe\u56db\u5343\u96f6\u56db\u5341\u4e07\u201d\u3002\u6d77\u5916\u5b66\u8005\u4e01\u6292(1996, p.7)\u4ee5\u5b98\u65b9\u8d44\u6599\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u6838\u7b97\u4e5f\u5f97\u51fa\u81f3\u5c11\u4e09\u5343\u4e94\u767e\u4e07\u4eba\u997f\u6b7b\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\u6d77\u5916\u5b66\u8005\u5927\u591a\u540c\u610f\u4e09\u5e74\u9965\u8352\u997f\u6b7b\u4eba\u6570\u4e3a\u4e09\u5343\u4e07\u7684\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u800c\u5c11\u751f\u7684\u4eba\u6570\u5927\u7ea6\u5728\u4e09\u5343\u4e09\u767e\u4e07 (Chang and Wen, 1998, Peng, 1987, pp.639-70, Kane, 1988)\u3002 \u3000\u3000\u4e09\u5e74\u5927\u9965\u8352\u662f\u96c6\u6743\u4e13\u5236\u5236\u5ea6\u53ef\u9020\u6210\u7684\u4eba\u7978\u4e25\u91cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u597d\u6848\u4f8b\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u9547\u53cd\uff0c\u8083\u53cd\uff0c\u53cd\u53f3\uff0c\u53cd\u53f3\u503e\u8fd0\u52a8\u7b49\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5bf9\u53cd\u5bf9\u6d3e\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8feb\u5bb3\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u653f\u6743\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u53d7\u5236\u7ea6\u7684\u65e0\u9650\u6743\u529b\u3002\u5bf9\u53cd\u53f3\u6d3e\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u8be6\u5c3d\u8bb0\u8f7d\u89c1\u4e01\u6292 (1993) \uff0c\u5bf9\u53cd\u53f3\u503e\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u8bb0\u8f7d\u89c1\u4e01\u6292 (1996\uff0cpp.37-86) \uff0c\u5bf9\u4e09\u53cd\uff0c\u4e94\u53cd\uff0c\u9547\u53cd\uff0c\u8083\u53cd\u7684\u6587\u732e\u8bb0\u8f7d\u89c1Teiwes, (1962,pp85-88)\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fd0\u52a8\u5f8c\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u542c\u4e0d\u5230\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u58f0\u97f3\uff0c\u53ea\u542c\u5f97\u5230\u6b4c\u529f\u9882\u5fb7\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\uff0c\u800c\u515a\u7684\u9886\u8896\u5bf9\u4e0b\u7ea7\u88ab\u8feb\u4f5c\u51fa\u7684\u6d6e\u5938\u548c\u865a\u62a5\uff0c\u4fe1\u4ee5\u4e3a\u771f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e88\u4ee5\u9f13\u52b1\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u6279\u8bc4\u53cd\u5bf9\u610f\u89c1\u8fdb\u884c\u653f\u6cbb\u8feb\u5bb3\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u653f\u5e9c\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u8d44\u8baf\u5b8c\u5168\u5931\u771f\uff0c\u5b98\u5458\u4eec\u5728\u865a\u5047\u7684\u60c5\u62a5\u548c\u4e92\u76f8\u6b3a\u9a97\u4e2d\u5ea6\u65e5\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u505a\u51fa\u6781\u7aef\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u917f\u6210\u4e16\u754c\u53f2\u4e0a\u6b7b\u4eba\u6700\u591a\u7684\u5927\u9965\u8352\u3002\u6309\u5f20\u6b23\u548c\u6587\u8d2f\u4e2d (Chang and Wen, 1998) \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e01\u6292\u7684\u6587\u732e\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff0c\u9965\u8352\u9996\u5148\u7531\u5927\u70bc\u94a2\u94c1\u59cb\u3002 1958\u5e74\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u53d1\u52a8\u5927\u8dc3\u8fdb\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u5728\u94a2\u94c1\u751f\u4ea7\u80fd\u529b\u53ea\u6709599\u4e07\u5428\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c \u8981\u6c42\u751f\u4ea71199\u4e07\u5428\u94a2\u3002 \u7531\u65bc\u94a2\u94c1\u5382\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4ea7\u91cf\uff0c \u4ed6\u5f00\u59cb\u53f7\u53ec\u5168\u6c11\u70bc\u94a2\u94c1\uff0c \u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u5927\u597d\u5e74\u6210\u628a\u519c\u6c11\u58ee\u52b3\u529b\u5f04\u53bb\u505a\u571f\u9ad8\u7089\uff0c\u5c06\u519c\u6c11\u7684\u94c1\u708a\u5177\u70bc\u6210\u5e9f\u94c1\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5927\u91cf\u6797\u6728\u88ab\u6bc1\u6389\u3002\u52a0\u4e0a\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u4eb2\u81ea\u5236\u5b9a\u519c\u4f5c\u65b9\u6cd5 (\u519c\u4e1a\u516b\u5b57\u5baa\u6cd5) 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