{"id":314642,"date":"2013-09-22T03:19:04","date_gmt":"2013-09-22T10:19:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/2013\/09\/%e9%a6%99%e6%b8%af%e7%8d%a8%e7%ab%8b%e5%aa%92%e9%ab%94-%ef%bc%bb%e5%a7%94%e5%85%a7%e7%91%9e%e6%8b%89%e2%80%a7%e7%8e%bb%e5%88%a9%e7%93%a6%e9%9d%a9%e5%91%bd%e7%b3%bb%e5%88%97%ef%bc%bd%e4%b9%8b\/"},"modified":"2013-09-22T03:19:04","modified_gmt":"2013-09-22T10:19:04","slug":"%e9%a6%99%e6%b8%af%e7%8d%a8%e7%ab%8b%e5%aa%92%e9%ab%94-%ef%bc%bb%e5%a7%94%e5%85%a7%e7%91%9e%e6%8b%89%e2%80%a7%e7%8e%bb%e5%88%a9%e7%93%a6%e9%9d%a9%e5%91%bd%e7%b3%bb%e5%88%97%ef%bc%bd%e4%b9%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/314642.html","title":{"rendered":"\u9999\u6e2f\u7368\u7acb\u5a92\u9ad4 | \uff3b\u59d4\u5167\u745e\u62c9\u2027\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u9769\u547d\u7cfb\u5217\uff3d\u4e4b  \u59d4\u5167\u745e\u62c9\u7684\u6982\u6cc1"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n                    <img loading=\"lazy\" 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de Ojeda)\u300c\u63a2\u96aa\u300d\u767b\u9678\u7684\u4eba\u99ac\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u53eb\u505a\uff1a\u5a01\u65af\u666e\u5951 (Amerigo Vespucci)\u7684\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u9818\u822a\u54e1\uff08\u90a3\u500b\u300c\u65b0\u4e16\u754c\u300d\u5f8c\u4f86\u7d66\u547d\u540d\u70ba\uff1a\u300c\u4e9e\u7f8e\u5229\u5805\u300d(\u7f8e\u6d32)\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6e90\u81ea\u4ed6\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff1aAmerigo\uff0c\u4e4b\u5f8c\u518d\u7d66\u9670\u6027\u5316\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u770b\u5230\u7576\u5730\u4eba\u5efa\u65bc\u99ac\u62c9\u958b\u6ce2\u6e56(Lake Maracaibo)\u6253\u8457\u6728\u6a01\u7684\u623f\u820d\uff0c\u5c31\u806f\u60f3\u5230\u5a01\u5c3c\u65af\u7684\u98a8\u8c8c\u3002\u65bc\u662f\u628a\u9019\u5730\u65b9\u7a31\u4f5c\uff1aVeneziola\uff0c\u610f\u6307\uff1a\u300c\u5c0f\u5a01\u5c3c\u65af\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53e6\u4e00\u4f86\u6e90\uff0c\u5247\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u63a2\u96aa\u5718\u968a\u7684\u6210\u54e1\uff1a\u8cbb\u5357\u5fb7\u8332(Martin Fernandez de 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\/>\n\u5357\u7f8e\u6d32\u5730\u5340\u7d71\u4e00\u4e4b\u5922<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u59d4\u5167\u745e\u62c9\u5404\u7701\u806f\u5408\u6703\u8b70\u65bc1811\u5e74\u5ba3\u5e03\u59d4\u5167\u745e\u62c9\u7368\u7acb\uff0c\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c07\u8ecd\u5247\u662f\u7368\u7acb\u6230\u722d\u4e2d\u4e00\u4f4d\u81ea\u7531\u9b25\u58eb\u3002\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u5e74\u5167\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u300c\u7b2c\u4e00\u5171\u548c\u300d\u5373\u4ee5\u5931\u6557\u544a\u7d42\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u56de\u5230\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u7684\u638c\u63a7\u3002\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c07\u8ecd\u8dd1\u5230\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u54e5\u502b\u6bd4\u4e9e\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u81f4\u529b\u5c07\u6574\u500b\u5730\u5340\u812b\u96e2\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u638c\u63a7\u3001\u65bc\u65b0\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u300c\u65b0\u683c\u5167\u9054\u806f\u5408\u7701\u4efd\u6703\u8b70\u300d(The Congress of United Provinces of New Granada)\u5c31\u4efb\u65b0\u7684\u8ecd\u8077\u30021813\u5e74\u5e95\uff0c\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c07\u8ecd\u7387\u9818\u8ecd\u968a\u53c8\u300c\u89e3\u653e\u300d\u4e86\u59d4\u5167\u745e\u62c9\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u57281821\u5e74\uff0c\u518d\u4ee5\u300c\u5927\u54e5\u502b\u6bd4\u4e9e\u300d\u570b(Gran Columbia)(\u5305\u62ec\u7576\u4eca\u7684\u54e5\u502b\u6bd4\u4e9e\u3001\u59d4\u5167\u745e\u62c9\u3001\u5384\u74dc\u591a\u3001\u5df4\u62ff\u99ac\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u79d8\u9b6f\u8207\u5df4\u897f\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206)\u540d\u7fa9\u5ba3\u5e03\u7368\u7acb\uff1b\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u6210\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u7d71\u4e00\u5357\u7f8e\u6d32\u7684\u570b\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53ea\u662f\u5230\u4e861820\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u5730\u5340\u5404\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u7d1b\u4e82\u4e0d\u5b89\u3001\u8ecd\u968a\u5167\u90e8\u7684\u5206\u88c2\u8207\u4e92\u9b25\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u672a\u80fd\u9054\u6210\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c07\u8ecd\u90a3\u6574\u500b\u5730\u5340\u7d71\u4e00\u4e4b\u5922\u3002\u4ed6\u65bc1830\u5e74\u56e0\u80ba\u7d50\u6838\u53bb\u901d\uff1b\u800c\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u59d4\u5167\u745e\u62c9\u4e5f\u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u300c\u5927\u54e5\u502b\u6bd4\u4e9e\u300d\u570b\u5206\u88c2\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u300c\u59d4\u5167\u745e\u62c9\u5171\u548c\u570b\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53ea\u662f\uff0c\u8981\u60f3\u5275\u5efa\u4e00\u65b0\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u5171\u548c\u570b\uff0c\u8981\u60f3\u8b93\u5b83\u80fd\u9806\u66a2\u904b\u4f5c\u3001\u5be6\u65bd\u6cd5\u5236\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u60f3\u8981\u6709\uff0c\u5c31\u63ac\u624b\u53ef\u53ca\u7684\u3002\u59d4\u5167\u745e\u62c9\uff0c\u4e5f\u540c\u62c9\u4e01\u7f8e\u6d32\u8a31\u591a\u65b0\u8208\u570b\u5ea6\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u591a\u4e16\u7d00\u662f\u6b77\u7d93\u653f\u6cbb\u6df7\u4e82\u3001\u8ecd\u95a5\u5272\u64da\u3001\u8ecd\u4e8b\u5f37\u4eba(caudillos)\u7368\u88c1\u7d71\u6cbb\u7b49\u72c0\u6cc1\uff1b\u800c\u9019\u4e5f\u985e\u4f3c\u6211\u501120\u4e16\u7d00\u6c11\u570b\u521d\u5e74\u7684\u6df7\u4e82\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u904e\u662f\u70ba\u671f\u66f4\u9577\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u800c\u5c0d\u65bc\u8ecd\u95a5\u8207\u5f37\u4eba\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u6e05\u695a\u4ed6\u5011\u591a\u53ea\u662f\u60f3\u978f\u56fa\u8207\u64f4\u5927\u81ea\u8eab\u8207\u8eab\u908a\u8ddf\u73ed\u8005\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff1b\u9bae\u5c11\u6703\u8003\u616e\u5230\u6574\u500b\u793e\u6703\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u8207\u767e\u59d3\u7684\u798f\u7949\u3002\u800c\u300c\u59d4\u5167\u745e\u62c9\u5171\u548c\u570b\u300d\uff0c\u5247\u5192\u51fa\u500b\u4f8b\u5916\u3002\u9019\u662f\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c07\u8ecd\u53bb\u4e16\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u5f8c\u3001\u5728\u8af8\u591a\u5927\u5730\u4e3b\/\u8ecd\u95a5\u5272\u64da\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u51fa\u73fe\u4e86\u4e00\u4f4d\u7ad9\u5728\u8fb2\u6c11\u7acb\u5834\u7684\u4f50\u83ab\u62c9(Ezequil Zamora)\u5c07\u8ecd\u3002\u4ed6\u65bc1846\u5e74\u7387\u9818\u8fb2\u6c11\uff0c\u767c\u52d5\u300c\u8fb2\u6c11\u8d77\u7fa9\u300d\uff0c\u722d\u53d6\u571f\u5730\u8207\u8fb2\u6c11\u6b0a\u76ca\uff0c\u8207\u4fdd\u5b88\u5927\u5730\u4e3b\u52e2\u529b\u5c0d\u5e79\u3002\u53ea\u662f\u6253\u4e86\u5341\u5e7e\u5e74\u7684\u4ed7\uff0c\u4f50\u83ab\u62c9\u65bc1860\u5e74\u7d66\u523a\u6bba\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u7d42\u6b78\u672a\u80fd\u6301\u7e8c\u300c\u5927\u696d\u300d\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u7684\u4e8b\u8e5f\u4e00\u76f4\u6d41\u50b3\u65bc\u6c11\u773e\u4e4b\u9593\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>\u767c\u73fe\u77f3\u6cb9<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5230\u4e8620\u4e16\u7d00\uff0c\u767c\u751f\u5169\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u800c\u8b93\u59d4\u5167\u745e\u62c9\u7684\u5c40\u52e2\u8b8a\u5f97\u6bd4\u8f03\u300c\u5e73\u7a69\u300d\uff1b\u800c\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u77e5\u9053:\u300c\u5e73\u7a69\u300d\uff0c\u672a\u5fc5\u4ee3\u8868\u300c\u6b63\u7fa9\u300d\u3002\u5176\u4e00\uff0c\u662f1914\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u81e8\u8fd1\u54e5\u502b\u6bd4\u4e9e\u7684\u6731\u5229\u4e9e\u5dde(Zulia)\u7684\u99ac\u62c9\u958b\u6ce2\u6e56\u6e56\u7554\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u77f3\u6cb9\u5132\u85cf\u3002\u65bc\u662f\u59d4\u5167\u745e\u62c9\u81ea1920\u5e74\u4ee3\u5373\u958b\u59cb\u5927\u91cf\u958b\u63a1\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u5168\u7403\u77f3\u6cb9\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8f38\u51fa\u570b\uff1b\u800c\u57281935\u5e74\uff0c\u77f3\u6cb9\u51fa\u53e3\u5373\u5df2\u4f54\u8a72\u5e74\u5168\u570b\u7e3d\u51fa\u53e3\u91cf\u768491.2%\u3002\u5f8c\u4f86\u5373\u4fbf\u662f\u4e2d\u6771\u7684\u7522\u6cb9\u570b\u7d1b\u7d1b\u5192\u51fa\uff0c\u4f46\u59d4\u5167\u745e\u62c9\u76ee\u524d\u4ecd\u5c45\u4e16\u754c\u7b2c\u4e94\u5927\u77f3\u6cb9\u8f38\u51fa\u570b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>\u77f3\u6cb9\u8f38\u51fa\u5e36\u4f86\u4e86\u2026\u2026<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u77f3\u6cb9\u7684\u8f38\u51fa\uff0c\u4e5f\u4ee3\u8868\u8457\u6574\u500b\u7d93\u6fdf\u8207\u793e\u6703\u72c0\u6cc1\u7684\u8f49\u8b8a\u3002\u4e00\u500b\u539f\u672c\u9760\u5496\u5561\u3001\u53ef\u53ef\u51fa\u53e3\u7684\u8fb2\u696d\u3001\u8ca7\u7aae\u570b\u5ea6\uff0c\u8e8d\u5347\u70ba\u9760\u77f3\u6cb9\u51fa\u53e3\u7684\u5bcc\u570b\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u4e5f\u6b63\u5982\u540c\u4e16\u754c\u8a31\u591a\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u9019\u56e0\u6b64\u800c\u4f86\u7684\u65b0\u5192\u51fa\u7684\u300c\u8ca1\u5bcc\u300d\uff0c\u4e26\u672a\u9020\u798f\u6240\u6709\u6c11\u773e\uff1b\u800c\u662f\u7531\u5c11\u6578\u96c6\u5718\u3001\u5c11\u6578\u4eba\u6240\u74dc\u5206\u3002\u65bc\u662f\u59d4\u5167\u745e\u62c9\u5728\u5e7e\u5341\u5e74\u9593\uff0c\u6574\u500b\u793e\u6703\u51fa\u73fe\u5169\u500b\u72c0\u6cc1:<\/p>\n<p>    \u8ca7\u5bcc\u6975\u70ba\u4e0d\u5747\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u9760\u77f3\u6cb9\u81f4\u5bcc\u7684\u7576\u5730\u6709\u9322\u83c1\u82f1\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u8207\u6d88\u8cbb\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u6bd4\u7f8e\u7d10\u7d04\u8207\u5df4\u9ece\uff1b\u65bc\u662f\u5728\u50cf\u5361\u62c9\u5361\u65af\u7b49\u5927\u90fd\u5e02\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u500b\u8207\u9031\u906d\u72c0\u6cc1\u53cd\u5dee\u6975\u5927\u3001\u6975\u70ba\u897f\u5f0f\/\u7f8e\u5f0f\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\/\u6d88\u8cbb\u5708\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u7d55\u5927\u591a\u6578\u4eba\uff0c\u537b\u662f\u6d3b\u5728\u8ca7\u7aae\u6216\u8d64\u8ca7\u72c0\u6cc1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>    \u6975\u5ea6\u7684\u90fd\u5e02\u5316\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u9760\u8457\u6cb9\u5143\u5927\u91cf\u9032\u53e3\u8fb2\u7522\u54c1\u8207\u8af8\u591a\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u7528\u54c1\uff0c\u8207\u5e0c\u9580\u6d85\u8332(Marcos Perez Jimenez)\u7368\u88c1\u7e3d\u7d71\u81ea1952\u5e74\u8d77\u5168\u570b\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u5de5\u696d\u5316\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u90fd\u5c0e\u81f4\u9109\u9593\u7684\u8fb2\u696d\u7121\u4ee5\u70ba\u7e7c\u3001\u8fb2\u6751\u7834\u7522\u3001\u8fb2\u6c11\u7121\u4ee5\u70ba\u751f\u3002\u50cf\u662f\u8fb2\u7522\u54c1\u5916\u92b7\uff0c\u57281920\u5e74\u4f54\u7e3d\u5916\u92b7\u7684\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\uff1b\u5230\u4e861950\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u53ea\u4f54\u5916\u92b7\u7e3d\u91cf\u768410%\uff1b\u800c\u52301998\u5e74\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u964d\u52306%\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u9109\u9593\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u51fa\u8def\u7684\u5c0f\u8fb2\uff0c\u7d1b\u7d1b\u9077\u5f80\u90fd\u5e02\uff1b\u800c\u7a7a\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u4e5f\u65e5\u76ca\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u5c11\u6578\u4eba\u7684\u624b\u4e2d\u3002\u59d4\u5167\u745e\u62c9\u65bc\u662f\u6210\u70ba\u62c9\u4e01\u7f8e\u6d32\u6700\u90fd\u5e02\u5316\u7684\u570b\u5ea6\uff1a\u5168\u570b\u7d04\u6709\u516b\u6210\u4eba\u53e3\uff0c\u662f\u4f4f\u5728\u90fd\u5e02\u6216\u57ce\u93ae\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u9019\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u53c8\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u662f\u4f4f\u5728\u5e02\u4e2d\u5fc3\u65c1\u3001\u5c71\u908a\u6216\u5c71\u4e0a\u8af8\u591a\u300c\u9055\u7ae0\u5efa\u7bc9\u300d\u7684\u8ca7\u6c11\u7a9f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c45\u6c11\u81ea\u7acb\u9020\u5c4b\u3001\u4fee\u9053\u8def\u3001\u958b\u4e0b\u6c34\u9053\uff1b\u751f\u6d3b\u4e0a\u7f3a\u6c34\u3001\u7f3a\u96fb\uff0c\u7f3a\u5404\u7a2e\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u793e\u6703\u670d\u52d9\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u4e5f\u9020\u6210\u7576\u5730\u6c11\u773e\u958b\u5c55\u81ea\u529b\u6551\u6fdf\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u5404\u7a2e\u793e\u5340\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u7db2\u7d61\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53e6\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u5247\u662f\u5e0c\u9580\u6d85\u8332\u7684\u7368\u88c1\u653f\u6b0a\uff0c1958\u5e741\u6708\u5728\u7531\u4e00\u4e9b\u300c\u6c11\u4e3b\u300d\u653f\u9ee8\u6240\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u300c\u611b\u570b\u653f\u5718\u300d(Junta Patriotica)(\u5b83\u591a\u5c11\u662f\u7531\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u6703\u3001\u672c\u5730\u5546\u6703\u8207\u7f8e\u570b\u653f\u5e9c\u6240\u652f\u6301)\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u5168\u570b\u6c11\u773e\u7684\u7e3d\u7f77\u5de5\u8207\u8ecd\u65b9\u58d3\u529b\u4e0b\u5ba3\u544a\u57ae\u53f0\uff1b\u5e0c\u9580\u6d85\u8332\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u9003\u5230\u570b\u5916\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>\u300c\u7b2c\u56db\u5171\u548c\u300d\u7684\u300c\u8abf\u63a7\u5f0f\u300d\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u7576\u6642\uff0c\u59d4\u5167\u745e\u62c9\u6574\u500b\u793e\u6703\u4e5f\u6d0b\u6ea2\u8457\u5c0d\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u671f\u671b\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5e7b\u6ec5\uff0c\u4f86\u7684\u4e5f\u5f88\u5feb\u3002\u5728\u5361\u62c9\u5361\u65af\u300c\u8056\u2027\u5361\u7f85\u65af\u81ea\u7531\u71df\u623f\u300d(San Carlos Free Barracks)\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u6210\u54e1:\u7c73\u7d66(Negro Miguel)\uff0c\u5c31\u56de\u61b6\u5230:\u300c\u6211\u5011\u7576\u6642\u65b9\u812b\u96e2\u5e0c\u9580\u6d85\u8332\u5341\u5e74\u4f86\u6b98\u66b4\u7684\u7d71\u6cbb\u3002\u7136\u5f8c\u5192\u51fa\u4e86\u90a3\u7d66\u8aa4\u7a31\u7684\u300e\u6c11\u4e3b\u300f\u3002\u525b\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4ee5\u70ba\u662f\u8b8a\u5929\u4e86\uff0c\u5c0d\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u62b1\u8457\u5e0c\u671b\u3002\u4f46\u90a3\u53ea\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u5834\u9152\u6703\uff1b\u9694\u5929\u5269\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u6eff\u5730\u7684\u5783\u573e\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u59d4\u5167\u745e\u62c9\u7684\u300c\u6c11\u4e3b\u884c\u52d5\u9ee8\u300d(Democratic Action Party(AD))\u8207\u300c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6c11\u4e3b\u9ee8\u300d(Christian Democratic\uff0cCOPEI)\u7b49\u5169\u5927\u9ee8,\u8207\u4e00\u4e9b\u50cf\u662f:\u300c\u6c11\u4e3b\u5171\u548c\u806f\u5408\u300d(URD)\u7b49\u5c0f\u9ee8\u65bc1958\u5e7410\u670831\u65e5\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u53eb\u505a\u300c\u5f6d\u8a17\u2027\u8cbb\u5408\u300d(Punto Fijo)\u7684\u5bd3\u6240\uff0c\u79c1\u4e0b\u5171\u540c\u7c3d\u7f72\u4e86: \u300c\u5f6d\u8a17\u2027\u8cbb\u5408\u5354\u8b70\u300d(Punto Fijo Pact)\u3002\u9019\u4efd\u5354\u8b70\uff0c\u958b\u5c55\u51fa\u65e5\u5f8c\u6240\u7a31\u7684\u59d4\u5167\u745e\u62c9\u300c\u7b2c\u56db\u5171\u548c\u300d(\u8a3b2)\uff0c\u4e5f\u7dad\u7e6b\u4e86\u5b83\u5f80\u5f8c40\u5e74\u7684\u653f\u5c40:\u7531\u767d\u4eba\u7d71\u6cbb\u968e\u7d1a\u6240\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u5169\u500b\u653f\u9ee8\u8f2a\u6d41\u57f7\u653f\u3002\u4e0d\u8ad6\u662f\u54ea\u500b\u9ee8\u52dd\u9078\u4e0a\u53f0\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f97\u7d0d\u5165\u53cb\u9ee8\u4eba\u58eb\u9032\u5165\u5167\u95a3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f9e\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u89c0\u9ede\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u9019\u53ef\u7b97\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u300c\u653f\u6cbb\u8207\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u5206\u8d13\u300d\u5236\u5ea6\uff1b\u9019\u7a2e\u7d93\u904e\u300c\u8abf\u63a7\u5f0f\u300d\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u4e5f\u662f\u60f3\u4f86\u78ba\u4fdd\u7d71\u6cbb\u968e\u7d1a\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u58d3\u5236\u7b2c\u4e09\u52e2\u529b\u6216\u6c11\u773e\u52e2\u529b\u7684\u5192\u51fa\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u5728\u7d93\u6fdf\u4e0a\uff0c\u5247\u662f\u6536\u8cb7\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u63a7\u5236\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u77f3\u6cb9\u6536\u5165\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u6216\u5718\u9ad4\uff0c\u5982:\u5de5\u6703\u3001\u6559\u6703\u3001\u5927\u4f01\u696d\u3001\u5a92\u9ad4\u7b49\u53ea\u8981\u52a0\u5165\u6216\u642d\u4e0a\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u653f\u9ee8\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u7531\u6cb9\u5143\u4e2d\u7372\u5f97\u597d\u8655\uff1b\u5176\u5b83\u7684\uff0c\u5247\u662f\u4efb\u5176\u81ea\u751f\u81ea\u6ec5\u3002\u65bc\u662f\u5728\u6574\u500b\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c11\u6578\u83c1\u82f1\u65e5\u76ca\u5bcc\u6709\uff1b\u800c\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u7aae\u4eba\uff0c\u6108\u4f86\u6108\u7aae\u3002\u65bc\u662f\u6642\u9593\u4e00\u9577\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u904b\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u81ea\u7136\u4e5f\u6703\u65e5\u76ca\u8b8a\u5f97\u8150\u5316\u8207\u554f\u984c\u767e\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong><em><br \/>\n\u8b93\u6c11\u773e\u767c\u52d5\u9a37\u52d5\u7684\u662f\u2026<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u81f3\u65bc\u9019\u300c\u5145\u6eff\u7aae\u4eba\u7684\u5bcc\u570b\u300d\u3001\u9019\u770b\u4f3c\u300c\u5e73\u7a69\u300d\u7684\u793e\u6703\u3001\u7d93\u6fdf\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u4e5f\u57281983\u5e74\u8d77\u56e0\u59d4\u5167\u745e\u62c9\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u547d\u8108:\u77f3\u6cb9\u570b\u969b\u6cb9\u50f9\u7684\u4e0b\u8dcc\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5916\u50b5\u8207\u653f\u5e9c\u8ca1\u653f\u5371\u6a5f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1989\u5e74\uff0c\u65b0\u9023\u4efb\u7684\u5b89\u5fb7\u70c8\u65af\u7e3d\u7d71(Carlos Andres Perez)\uff0c\u5728\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5916\u50b5\u903c\u8feb\u4e0b\u53ea\u5f97\u653e\u68c4\u539f\u672c\u7684\u7af6\u9078\u8afe\u8a00\uff1b\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u5feb\u901f\u8f49\u5411\uff0c\u4f9d\u7167\u300c\u570b\u969b\u8ca8\u5e63\u57fa\u91d1\u300d\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u8abf\u6574\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u63a8\u52d5\u300c\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6539\u9769\u300d:\u6e1b\u5c11\u570b\u5bb6\u652f\u51fa\u3001\u7e2e\u6e1b\u793e\u6703\u798f\u5229\u7d93\u8cbb\uff0c\u516c\u71df\u4e8b\u696d\u6c11\u71df\u5316\/\u8ca1\u5718\u5316\u2026\u2026\u4e00\u822c\u6c11\u773e\u3001\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4e2d\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u751f\u6d3b\u6c34\u5e73\u5927\u5e45\u4e0b\u964d\uff1b\u5168\u570b1900\u842c\u4eba\uff0c\u67091600\u842c\u4f4f\u90fd\u5e02\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u534a\u53c8\u662f\u8655\u65bc\u8ca7\u56f0\u72c0\u614b\u3002\u65bc\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u300c\u6539\u9769\u300d\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u7b49\u65bc\u662f\u706b\u4e0a\u6dfb\u6cb9\uff1b\u9019\u4e5f\u7acb\u5373\u5f15\u767c\u59d4\u5167\u745e\u62c9\u5728\u9577\u4e45\u300c\u5e73\u7a69\u300d\u4e0b\uff0c\u6c11\u773e\u300c\u7531\u5c71\u4e0a\u8dd1\u4e0b\u4f86\u300d\uff0c\u81ea\u884c\u767c\u52d5\u8d77\u300c\u5361\u62c9\u5361\u65af\u5927\u9a37\u52d5\u300d(Caracazo)\uff0c\u70ba\u59d4\u5167\u745e\u62c9\u5f80\u5f8c\u7684\u65b0\u5c40\uff0c\u958b\u555f\u502a\u7aef\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8a3b1.  \u5728\u76ee\u524d28\u500b\u539f\u8457\u6c11\u65cf\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u67094\u500b\u65cf\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u662f\u8d85\u904e\u4e00\u842c\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8a3b2.  \u59d4\u5167\u745e\u62c9\u7684\u300c\u7b2c\u56db\u5171\u548c\u300d\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u75311831\u5e74\u300c\u5927\u54e5\u502b\u6bd4\u4e9e\u300d\u6563\u89e3\u4e0d\u4e45\u5f8c\u958b\u59cb\u7b97\u8d77\uff0c\u76f4\u52301999\u5e74\u67e5\u7dad\u65af\u4e0a\u53f0\u70ba\u6b62\u3002\u4f46\u67e5\u7dad\u65af\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\uff0c\u5247\u662f\u628a\u5728\u300c\u5f6d\u8a17\u3002\u8cbb\u5408\u5354\u8b70\u300d(Punto Fijo Pact)\u4e0b\u904b\u4f5c\u768440\u5e74\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u7b2c\u56db\u5171\u548c\u300d\u30021998\u5e74\u63a8\u52d5\u67e5\u7dad\u65af\u7af6\u9078\u6240\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u653f\u9ee8\uff0c\u5247\u81ea\u7a31\u70ba\u662f:\u300c\u671d\u5411\u7b2c\u4e94\u5171\u548c\u904b\u52d5\u300d(MVR)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5716\u7247\u8f49\u81ea:<br \/>\n<a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/photo.hanyu.iciba.com\/upload\/encyclopedia_2\/67\/fc\/bk_67fc1693530aaa2866c97c196db8468c_MLGsr8.jpg\" title=\"http:\/\/photo.hanyu.iciba.com\/upload\/encyclopedia_2\/67\/fc\/bk_67fc1693530aaa2866c97c196db8468c_MLGsr8.jpg\">http:\/\/photo.hanyu.iciba.com\/upload\/encyclopedia_2\/67\/fc\/bk_67fc1693530a&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u9644\u5176\u4ed6\u5716\u7247\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u8acb\u5230\u7db2\u8a8c\u7684<a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/grassmediaction.wordpress.com\/category\/%E5%A7%94%E5%85%A7%E7%91%9E%E6%8B%89%E2%80%A7%E7%8E%BB%E5%88%A9%E7%93%A6%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97\/\">\u59d4\u5167\u745e\u62c9\u2027\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u9769\u547d\u7cfb\u5217\u5c08\u9801<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><small>\u672c\u6587\u7531\u81ea\u52a8\u805a\u5408\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53d6\u81ea\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u548c\u89c2\u70b9\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u6570\u5b57\u65f6\u4ee3\u7acb\u573a<\/small><\/p>\n<form method=\"POST\" action=\"http:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.us4.list-manage.com\/subscribe\/post?u=17daa75df533f6c6ff72e51ab&#038;id=b4fd4ae247\">\n<a href=\"http:\/\/eepurl.com\/mstlf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u5899\u5916\u65b0\u95fb\u5b9e\u65f6\u66f4\u65b0 \u6b22\u8fce\u8ba2\u9605\u6570\u5b57\u65f6\u4ee3<\/a><br \/>\n <br \/><input type=\"email\" value=\"\" name=\"EMAIL\" id=\"mce-EMAIL_in_post\" size=\"25\" style=\"display:block;\" placeholder=\"\u8bf7\u8f93\u5165\u60a8\u7684\u90ae\u4ef6\u5730\u5740\" required><br \/>\n\t<input type=\"submit\" value=\"\u70b9\u51fb\u8ba2\u9605\" name=\"subscribe\" style=\"height: 20px;\" id=\"in_post_subscribe\"><br \/>\n<\/form>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p> \u8349\u6839\u884c\u52d5\u5a92\u9ad4\u7de8\u6309\uff1a\u4eca\u5e74\u4e09\u6708\uff0c\u59d4\u5167\u745e\u62c9\u524d\u7e3d\u7d71\u67e5\u7dad\u65af\u53bb\u4e16\uff0c \u9999\u6e2f\u5404\u5927\u5a92\u9ad4\u90fd\u805a\u7126\u65bc\u53cd\u7f8e\u3001\u7368\u88c1\u8005\uff0c\u800c\u5c0d\u5728\u4ed6\u4efb\u5167\uff0c\u8ca7\u7aae\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u666e\u53ca\u5316\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8a31\u591a\u793e\u5340\u7531\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u793e\u3001 \u793e\u5340\u5171\u8b58\u81ea\u6cbb\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u90fd\u6c92\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5831\u5c0e\u3002\u300c\u8349\u6839\u2027\u884c\u52d5\u2027\u5a92\u9ad4\u300d\u9080\u8acb\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5357\u7f8e\u6d32\u570b\u5bb6\u5de6\u7ffc\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u793e\u6703\u8207\u6587\u5316\u5be6\u8e10\u8a31\u591a\u5e74\uff0c\u65e9\u5e74\u8b6f\u5beb \u300a\u62c9\u7f8e\u5730\u8a8c\uff0c\u9b54\u5e7b\u884c\u8173\uff0d\u89e3\u653e\u8ecd\u3001\u53e4\u67ef\u9e7c\u3001\u793e\u5340\u7e3d\u9ad4\u71df\u9020\u300b\u7684\u8212\u8a69\u5049\/\u963f\u5049\uff0c\u4ee5\u67e5\u7dad\u65af\u5728\u59d4\u5167\u745e\u62c9\u7684\u9769\u547d\u904b\u52d5\u70ba\u984c\u64b0\u6587\uff0c\u4e26\u6bcf\u5468\u4e00\u7bc7\u4f5c\u9023\u8f09\u3002 \u8f49\u8cbc\u5728\u7368\u7acb\u5a92\u9ad4\u7684\u6b64\u6587\u662f\uff3b\u59d4\u5167\u745e\u62c9\u2027\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u9769\u547d\u7cfb\u5217\uff3d\u56db\u81f3\u4e03\u7684\u7d50\u96c6\uff0c\u6700\u65b0\u9023\u8f09\u8acb\u7559\u610f \u8349\u6839\u2027\u884c\u52d5\u2027\u5a92\u9ad4\u7db2\u8a8c \u3002 \u6587\uff1a\u8212\u8a69\u5049 \u8981\u60f3\u4e86\u89e3\u300c\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u9769\u547d\u300d\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c\u5c31\u5f97\u5148\u6e05\u695a\u4e00\u500b\u5927\u81f4\u7684\u821e\u53f0\uff1a\u59d4\u5167\u745e\u62c9\u3002 \u5728\u76ee\u524d\u7d66\u7a31\u4f5c\u662f\u300c\u59d4\u5167\u745e\u62c9\u300d\u7684\u9019\u500b\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\uff1a\u300c\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u59d4\u5167\u745e\u62c9\u5171\u548c\u570b\u300d\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u9019\u500b\u300c\u65b0\u300d\u570b\u865f\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u8981\u5230\u67e5\u7dad\u65af1998\u5e74\u4e0a\u53f0\u57f7\u653f\u30011999\u5e74\u5168\u570b\u5236\u5b9a\u65b0\u61b2\u6cd5\u5f8c\uff0c\u624d\u7d66\u78ba\u5b9a\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\uff08\u4e4b\u524d\u5247\u7a31\u505a: \u300c\u59d4\u5167\u745e\u62c9\u5171\u548c\u570b\u300d)\u3002 \u59d4\u5167\u745e\u62c9\uff0c\u4f4d\u65bc\u5357\u7f8e\u6d32\u7684\u897f\u5317\u65b9\u3002\u6771\u908a\u6709\u5967\u91cc\u8afe\u79d1\u6c96\u7a4d\u5e73\u539f(Orinoco River Delta)\u3001\u84cb\u4e9e\u7d0d\u3001\u84cb\u4e9e\u7d0d\u9ad8\u539f\u8207\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\uff1b\u5357\u65b9\u63a5\u8457\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u5df4\u897f\u8207\u4e9e\u99ac\u905c\u96e8\u6797\u3002\u897f\u908a\u6709\u54e5\u502b\u6bd4\u4e9e\u8207\u5b89\u5730\u65af\u5c71\u8108\uff0c\u4e2d\u90e8\u5247\u662f\u5927\u8349\u539f\u8207\u5317\u908a\u7684\u52a0\u52d2\u6bd4\u6d77\u3002\u6574\u500b\u9762\u7a4d\u7d04916,445\u5e73\u65b9\u516c\u91cc\uff0c\u7d04\u6bd4\u53f0\u7063\u592725\u500d\uff1b\u53ef\u662f\u4eba\u53e3\u537b\u6c92\u6bd4\u53f0\u7063\u591a\u591a\u5c11\uff0c\u7d043,000\u842c\uff082011\u5e74\u7d71\u8a08\uff1a28,946,101\u4eba\uff09\u3002\u800c\u9019\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u7d44\u6210\uff0c\u6b50\u6d32-\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u6df7\u8840\u7684\uff0c\u7d04\u4f54\u4e03\u6210\uff1b\u6b50\u88d4\u7684\u767d\u4eba\uff0c\u4f54\u5169\u6210\uff1b\u975e\u88d4\u4eba\u53e3\u4f548%\uff1b\u800c\u539f\u672c\u7684\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u5247\u4e0d\u52303%( \u8a3b1)\u3002 \u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u906d\u9047 \u5176\u5be6\uff0c\u5728\u66f4\u65e9\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u4e0d\u662f\u53eb\u300c\u59d4\u5167\u745e\u62c9\u300d\u7684\uff1b\u7576\u5730\u539f\u672c\u5171\u7d04100\u842c\u4eba\u53e3\u7684150\u4f86\u500b\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\uff0c\u5404\u6709\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u53eb\u6cd5\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u539f\u4f86\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u767d\u4eba\u3001\u9ed1\u4eba\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u4e5f\u5c31\u66f4\u4e0d\u6703\u6709\u6df7\u8840\u7684\u4eba\u7a2e\u3002 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