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(\u4e00)\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6751\u6c11\u81ea\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u4e4b\u5efa\u7acb<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u5728\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u672f\u8bed\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u201d\u6216\u201c\u521b\u65b0\u793e\u4f1a\u7ba1\u7406\u201d\u7b49\u63d0\u6cd5\u51fa\u73b0\u4e8e2008\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u201d\u65e9\u5df2\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u519c\u6751\u91cd\u5efa\u6751\u6c11\u81ea\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 1980\u5e74\uff0c\u5e7f\u897f\u5b9c\u5c71\u53bf\u4e09\u5c94\u516c\u793e(\u73b0\u4e3a\u5b9c\u5dde\u5e02\u5c4f\u5357\u4e61)\u81ea\u53d1\u5730\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6751\u6c11\u9009\u4e3e\u7684\u6751\u59d4\u4f1a\u2014\u2014\u679c\u4f5c\u6751\u6751\u59d4\u4f1a(\u53f2\u536b\u6c11\u7b49\uff0c2009\uff1app2)\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u7531\u6751\u6c11\u76f4\u63a5\u9009\u4e3e\u6751\u59d4\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u80af\u5b9a\uff0c\u9010\u6e10\u63a8\u884c\u5230\u5168\u56fd\u5404\u5730(\u53f2\u536b\u6c11\u7b49\uff0c2009\uff1app2-19)\u30021987\u5e7411\u6708\uff0c\u7b2c\u516d\u5c4a\u5168\u56fd\u4eba\u5927\u5e38\u59d4\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u300a\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u6751\u6c11\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6cd5(\u8bd5\u884c)\u300b\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u5168\u56fd\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u5b9e\u884c\u6751\u6c11\u81ea\u6cbb\u548c\u6751\u59d4\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u9009\u4e3e\u30021998\u5e7411\u6708\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e5d\u5c4a\u5168\u56fd\u4eba\u5927\u5e38\u59d4\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u300a\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u6751\u6c11\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6cd5\u300b(\u7b80\u79f0\u300a\u6751\u6c11\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6cd5\u300b)\uff0c\u6751\u6c11\u81ea\u6cbb\u6210\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u6b63\u5f0f\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3002\u8be5\u6cd5\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u201c\u6751\u6c11\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u662f\u6751\u6c11\u81ea\u6211\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u57fa\u5c42\u7fa4\u4f17\u6027\u81ea\u6cbb\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u5b9e\u884c\u6c11\u4e3b\u9009\u4e3e\u3001\u6c11\u4e3b\u51b3\u7b56\u3001\u6c11\u4e3b\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u6c11\u4e3b\u76d1\u7763\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u804c\u80fd\u662f\uff0c\u201c\u529e\u7406\u672c\u6751\u7684\u516c\u5171\u4e8b\u52a1\u548c\u516c\u76ca\u4e8b\u4e1a\uff0c\u8c03\u89e3\u6c11\u95f4\u7ea0\u7eb7\uff0c\u534f\u52a9\u7ef4\u62a4\u793e\u4f1a\u6cbb\u5b89\uff0c\u5411\u4eba\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u53cd\u6620\u6751\u6c11\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u3001\u8981\u6c42\u548c\u63d0\u51fa\u5efa\u8bae\u201d\u3002\u8be5\u6cd5\u7b2c\u5341\u4e00\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u201c\u6751\u6c11\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4efb\u3001\u526f\u4e3b\u4efb\u3001\u59d4\u5458\u7531\u6751\u6c11\u76f4\u63a5\u9009\u4e3e\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u7531\u6751\u6c11\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u540d\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6216\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0d\u5f97\u6307\u5b9a\u3001\u59d4\u6d3e\u6216\u8005\u64a4\u6362\u6751\u59d4\u4f1a\u6210\u5458\u201d\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u300a\u6751\u6c11\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6cd5\u300b\u662f\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u519c\u6751\u5730\u533a\u91cd\u5efa\u57fa\u5c42\u793e\u4f1a\u81ea\u6cbb\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u66ff\u4ee3\u5df2\u7ecf\u74e6\u89e3\u7684\u5b97\u65cf\u548c\u4e61\u65cf\u7684\u81ea\u6cbb\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 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and Li\uff0c2000\uff1bBirney\uff0c2010)\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6307\u51fa\uff0c2008\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u63a8\u52a8\u793e\u4f1a\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 (\u4e8c)\u793e\u4f1a\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u57fa\u5c42\u793e\u4f1a\u5f15\u5165\u81ea\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u662f\u63a8\u52a8\u793e\u4f1a\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u5176\u91cd\u70b9\u662f\u5e0c\u671b\u5728\u57ce\u5e02\u57fa\u5c42\u793e\u4f1a\u5efa\u7acb\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u6751\u6c11\u81ea\u6cbb\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2010\u5e749\u670829\u65e5\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u4e3e\u529e\u96c6\u4f53\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u603b\u4e66\u8bb0\u80e1\u9526\u6d9b\u63d0\u51fa\u8981\u79ef\u6781\u63a8\u52a8\u793e\u4f1a\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u5236\u673a\u5236\u521b\u65b0\uff0c(<a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/redirect.viglink.com?key=11fe087258b6fc0532a5ccfc924805c0&#038;u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aisixiang.com%2Fdata%2F68696-2.html\">\u70b9\u51fb\u6b64\u5904\u9605\u8bfb\u4e0b\u4e00\u9875<\/a>)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u8d23\u7f16\uff1a<span><a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" 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