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\u66f4\u5178\u578b\u7684\u662f\u4fdd\u52a0\u5229\u4e9a\u300270\u5e74\u4ee3\u4fdd\u52a0\u5229\u4e9a\u5728\u591a\u7459\u6cb3\u4e0a\u5de5\u4e1a\u57ce\u5e02\u9c81\u585e\u5efa\u8bbe\u5927\u578b\u6c2f\u78b1\u8054\u5408\u4f01\u4e1a\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u707e\u96be\u6027\u6c61\u67d3\u3002\u5f53\u5730\u5e02\u6c11\u56e0\u800c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e86NGO\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u201c\u4fdd\u62a4\u9c81\u585e\u751f\u6001\u516c\u6c11\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u201d\uff0c\u53d1\u8d77\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u793a\u5a01\u6e38\u884c\u4e0e\u8bf7\u613f\u3002\u65e5\u592b\u79d1\u592b\uff08Todor Zhivkov\uff09\u653f\u6743\u672c\u6765\u662f\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8fd9\u7c7b\u6c11\u95f4\u7ec4\u7ec7\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u591a\u7459\u6cb3\u4e0b\u6e38\u6d41\u7ecf\u7f57\u9a6c\u5c3c\u4e9a\u548c\u82cf\u8054\uff0c\u6b64\u4e8b\u6210\u4e3a\u56fd\u9645\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5728\u7ecf\u4e92\u4f1a\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u4e0b\u6c2f\u78b1\u5382\u7ec8\u4e8e\u5173\u95ed\uff0c\u201c\u9c81\u585e\u751f\u6001\u8fd0\u52a8\u201d\u53d6\u5f97\u80dc\u5229\u3002\u7136\u800c\u8001\u7f9e\u6210\u6012\u7684\u5f53\u5c40\u5374\u628a\u53c2\u52a0\u8be5\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u4efd\u5b50\u5168\u90e8\u5f00\u9664\u51fa\u515a\uff0c\u8feb\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u8d70\u4e0a\u4e86\u53cd\u5bf9\u6d3e\u9053\u8def\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u4e00\u573a\u73af\u4fdd\u8fd0\u52a8\u88ab\u5f15\u4e0a\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\u8f68\u9053\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u8206\u8bba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u201c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8be5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u88ab\u9547\u538b\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e5f\u8bb8\u662f\u4fdd\u52a0\u5229\u4e9a\u516c\u6c11\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5728\u5b98\u65b9\u673a\u6784\u4e4b\u5916\u5bf9\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u201d[3]\u52301989\u5e74\u65e5\u592b\u79d1\u592b\u8f9e\u804c\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u7531\u201c\u9c81\u585e\u8fd0\u52a8\u201d\u53d1\u5c55\u800c\u6765\u7684\u201c\u751f\u6001\u516c\u5f00\u6027\u201d\u72ec\u7acb\u8054\u5408\u4f1a\u6210\u4e86\u5f53\u5c40\u65e0\u6cd5\u7981\u5236\u7684\u6700\u5927\u6c11\u95f4\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5176\u76ee\u6807\u6108\u6765\u6108\u7531\u751f\u6001\u95ee\u9898\u6269\u53ca\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5e7f\u6cdb\u9886\u57df\u30021989\u5e7412\u67087\u65e5\uff0c\u201c\u751f\u6001\u516c\u5f00\u6027\u201d\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e9b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e00\u8d77\u53d1\u8d77\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u201c\u6c11\u4e3b\u529b\u91cf\u8054\u76df\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8054\u76df\u6700\u7ec8\u6210\u4e3a\u5267\u53d8\u540e\u7684\u6267\u653f\u529b\u91cf[4]\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u4e09\u662f\u6210\u5458\u5229\u76ca\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e3b\u8981\u5c31\u662f\u5267\u53d8\u524d\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u975e\u5b98\u65b9\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u5de5\u4f1a\u3001\u519c\u4f1a\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u804c\u4e1a\u56e2\u4f53\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u5178\u578b\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u6ce2\u5170\u56e2\u7ed3\u5de5\u4f1a\u30021989\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5728\u4e1c\u6b27\u4e0e\u524d\u82cf\u8054\u4e00\u5ea6\u6781\u4e3a\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u59821990\u5e74\u5728\u65b0\u5e93\u5179\u6d85\u8328\u514b\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u5168\u82cf\u72ec\u7acb\u5de5\u4f1a\u8054\u76df\u201c\u5168\u82cf\u52b3\u8054\u201d\u3002\u8be5\u52b3\u8054\u7531\u56db\u5341\u4e03\u4e2a\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u4ef7\u503c\u53d6\u5411\u7684\u5de5\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u65e2\u6709\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u82cf\u8054\u975e\u5b98\u65b9\u5de5\u4eba\u7ec4\u7ec7\u201c\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u5de5\u4eba\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u201d\uff081987\u5e748\u6708\u6210\u7acb\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4ece\u5b98\u65b9\u5de5\u4f1a\u5206\u79bb\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u201c\u82cf\u8054\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5de5\u4f1a\u8054\u5408\u4f1a\u201d\uff081989\u5e74\u6210\u7acb\uff09\u3002\u65e2\u6709\u652f\u6301\u53f6\u5229\u94a6\uff08Boris Yeltsin\uff09\u4e0e\u6c11\u4e3b\u6d3e\u3001\u4e3b\u5f20\u591a\u515a\u5236\u4e0e\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u5e93\u5179\u5df4\u65af\u5de5\u4eba\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4e3b\u5f20\u201c\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u4e13\u653f\u201d\u3001\u53cd\u5bf9\u79c1\u6709\u5316\u7684\u6781\u5de6\u6d3e\u72ec\u7acb\u5de5\u4f1a\u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u8054\u5408\u9635\u7ebf\u201d\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6c11\u65cf\u5206\u79bb\u4e3b\u4e49\u7ec4\u7ec7\u201c\u9c81\u8d6b\u201d\u6210\u5458\u7684\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u5229\u6c83\u592b\u2500\u6c83\u4f26\u7164\u7530\u5de5\u4eba\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u3002\u65e2\u6709\u4e25\u683c\u5f3a\u8c03\u6210\u5458\u7684\u201c\u4f53\u529b\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u2500\u2500\u65e0\u4ea7\u8005\u201d\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u201c\u5217\u5b81\u683c\u52d2\u72ec\u7acb\u5de5\u4f1a\u201d\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u628a\u767d\u9886\u53ca\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u5728\u5185\u7684\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u52b3\u8054\u3002\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u7ebd\u5e26\u5c31\u662f\u5176\u6210\u5458\u7684\u96c7\u5458\u8eab\u4efd\u4e0e\u804c\u4e1a\u5229\u76ca[6]\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u4ee5\u8f6c\u8f68\u8f83\u987a\u5229\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u632f\u5174\u8f83\u5feb\u7684\u6ce2\u5170\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c1995\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u5728\u5de5\u4f1a\u7c7b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u964d\u4f4e\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u516c\u76ca\u7c7b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u5219\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6839\u636e\u6ce2\u5170\u514b\u9f99\u2500\u96c5\u6c83\u5c14\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4fe1\u606f\u5e932001\u5e74\u521d\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1[20]\uff0c\u6ce2\u5170\u5982\u4eca\u7684\u516c\u76ca\u6027NGO\u5df2\u53d1\u5c55\u5230\u8fd1\u5343\u4e2a\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u514b\u9f99\u2500\u96c5\u6c83\u5c14\u4fe1\u606f\u8054\u76df\u7684\u8f83\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6709191\u4e2a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4ee5\u5b97\u65e8\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c\u6709\u5173\u513f\u7ae5\u4fdd\u62a4\u768418\u4e2a\uff0c\u4ece\u4e8b\u4f53\u80b2\u4fdd\u5065\u76849\u4e2a\uff0c\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u3001\u5355\u4f4d\u6743\u76ca\u7ef4\u62a4\u56e2\u4f5319\u4e2a\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u4ea4\u6d41\u4e0e\u53cb\u597d\u7ec4\u7ec74\u4e2a\uff0c\u4eba\u6743\u6c11\u4e3b\u4fc3\u8fdb\u7ec4\u7ec710\u4e2a\uff0c\u516c\u76ca\u4e92\u52a9\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u4fc3\u8fdb\u7ec4\u7ec741\u4e2a\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u8054\u8c0a\u7ec4\u7ec74\u4e2a\uff0c\u751f\u6001\u73af\u4fdd\u7ec4\u7ec712\u4e2a\uff0c\u5973\u6743\u4e0e\u5987\u5973\u4fdd\u62a4\u7ec4\u7ec77\u4e2a\uff0c\u6148\u5584\u6551\u6d4e\u4e0e\u4fdd\u62a4\u6700\u5f31\u8005\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec726\u4e2a\uff0c\u8fd8\u670919\u4e2a\u6587\u6559\u673a\u6784\u30018\u4e2a\u884c\u4e1a\u2500\u804c\u4e1a\u516c\u4f1a\u3002\u4ee5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f62\u5f0f\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c\u5219\u81ea\u7531\u6210\u5458\u534f\u4f1a\u4e3a\u6570\u6700\u591a\uff0c\u5360\u4e86\u5c06\u8fd1\u534a\u6570\uff0893\u4e2a\uff09\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a26\u4e2a\uff0c\u8bba\u575b9\u4e2a\uff0c\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e813\u4e2a\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u673a\u67847\u4e2a\uff0c\u4e2d\u5fc316\u4e2a\uff0c\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a4\u4e2a\u3002<\/p>\n

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NGO\u7684\u201c\u5168\u7403\u516c\u6c11\u7ed3\u793e\u9769\u547d\u201d\u8272\u5f69\u4e0e\u8de8\u56fdNGO\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u4e5f\u662f\u4e1c\u6b27\u6c11\u95f4\u793e\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8868\u73b0\u5728\u4ee5\u4e1c\u6b27\u3001\u6b27\u6d32\u3001\u56fd\u9645\u3001\u5168\u7403\u4e3a\u540d\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u53cb\u597d\u4e0e\u4ea4\u6d41\u56e2\u4f53\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u8868\u73b0\u5728\u8de8\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u3001\u65cf\u7f18\u3001\u5730\u7f18\u56e2\u4f53\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u6ce2\u5170\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u4eba\u3001\u767d\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4ebaNGO\u4e0e\u4e1c\u6b63\u6559\u80cc\u666fNGO\u90fd\u4e0e\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u3001\u767d\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e1c\u6b63\u6559\u6c11\u95f4\u793e\u4f1a\u6709\u5bc6\u5207\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u8de8\u56fd\u5730\u533a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5982\u5580\u5c14\u5df4\u9621\u534f\u4f1a\uff0c\u5219\u5728\u5580\u5c14\u5df4\u9621\u5c71\u533a\u6709\u5173\u5404\u56fd\uff08\u6ce2\u5170\u3001\u6377\u514b\u3001\u7f57\u9a6c\u5c3c\u4e9a\u3001\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u7b49\uff09\u90fd\u6709\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u636e\u8be5\u4fe1\u606f\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u6ce2\u5170\u5404\u79cdNGO\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u5fd7\u613f\u8005370\u4e07\u4eba\uff0c\u5360\u5168\u56fd\u4eba\u53e3\u8fd1\u4e00\u6210\uff08\u7531\u4e8e\u4e00\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u52a0\u51e0\u4e2aNGO\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u6545\u5b9e\u9645\u4eba\u6570\u8981\u5c11\u5f97\u591a\uff09\u3002\u800c\u6839\u636e\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u585e\u62c9\u8499\uff08Lester M. Salamon\uff09\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u7ea6\u7ff0\uff0e\u970d\u666e\u91d1\u65af\u5927\u5b66\u6536\u96c6\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6ce2\u5170NPO\u57281995\u5e74\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u5360\u5168\u56fd\u603b\u6570\u76841.5%\uff08\u5176\u4e2d\u53d7\u85aa\u80051.2%\uff0c\u5fd7\u613f\u80050.3%\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u4e1c\u6b27\u8f6c\u578b\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\u4f4e\u4e8e\u6377\u514b\u3001\u5308\u7259\u5229\uff0c\u9ad8\u4e8e\u65af\u6d1b\u4f10\u514b\u4e0e\u7f57\u9a6c\u5c3c\u4e9a\uff0c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4e2d\u95f4\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6ce2\u5170\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u5728\u4e1c\u6b27\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

\u603b\u7684\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u4e1c\u6b27\u8f6c\u578b\u56fd\u5bb6\u6c11\u95f4\u975e\u8425\u5229\u7ec4\u7ec7\u867d\u7136\u5df2\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0e\u53d1\u8fbe\u56fd\u5bb6\u4ecd\u76f8\u5dee\u751a\u8fdc\uff08\u5982\u88681[21]\uff09\uff0c\u5927\u4f53\u4e0a\u4ecd\u5904\u4e8e\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ece\u8fd9\u9879\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e2d\u4e0d\u96be\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u53d1\u5c55\u6c34\u5e73\u5728\u4e1c\u6b27\u5185\u90e8\u662f\u8f6c\u8f68\u8fdb\u5ea6\u6700\u5feb\u7684\u6377\u514b\u3001\u5308\u7259\u5229\u9ad8\u4e8e\u8f6c\u8f68\u8fdb\u5ea6\u8f83\u6162\u7684\u7f57\u9a6c\u5c3c\u4e9a\u7b49\u56fd\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u53d1\u8fbe\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u5177\u6709\u6240\u8c13\u4e9a\u6d32\u4ef7\u503c\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u4e0e\u798f\u5229\u56fd\u5bb6\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u82ac\u5170\u3001\u745e\u5178\u6700\u4f4e\uff0c\u82f1\u7f8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u201c\u81ea\u7531\u5e02\u573a\u201d\u56fd\u5bb6\u5219\u8981\u9ad8\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u800c\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u662f\u201c\u7b2c\u4e09\u6761\u9053\u8def\u201d\u7684\u6807\u672c\u8377\u5170\u3002\u53ef\u89c1\u4eba\u4eec\u5fd7\u613f\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u53d1\u8fbe\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u67d0\u79cd\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u62e5\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u4f1a\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u8d23\u4efb\u611f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u6c11\u95f4\u516c\u76ca\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u6c34\u5e73\u3001\u4e5f\u4e0e\u4f53\u5236\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u6709\u5173\u3002\u5411\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u8f6c\u578b\u4fbf\u6210\u4e3a\u516c\u76ca\u90e8\u95e8\u5f97\u4ee5\u53d1\u8fbe\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n

69563_140321154332_1<\/p>\n

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null<\/p>\n

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\u4efb\u5d07\u5f6c\u3000\u8054\u90a6\u4e3b\u4e49\uff1a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7edf\u4e00\u7e41\u8363\u4e4b\u57fa\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5206\u88c2\u74e6\u89e3\u4e4b\u6e90\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u59da\u65b0\u52c7\u3000\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u6c11\u65cf\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u201c\u53cd\u601d\u6f6e\u201d<\/p>\n

\u5468\u9646\u6d0b\u3000\u300a\u4eba\u6c11\u65e5\u62a5\u300b\u201c\u7231\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u53d8\u8fc1<\/p>\n

\u5b8b\u6c38\u6bc5\u3000\u518d\u8bba\u7cae\u98df\u6218\u4e89\uff1a\u519b\u4e8b\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9965\u8352\u7684\u53d1\u751f<\/p>\n

\u8c2d\u3000\u521a\u3000\u5f62\u8c61\u5851\u9020\u4e0e\u653f\u6743\u5de9\u56fa\u2013\u5efa\u56fd\u521d\u671f\u5185\u8499\u53e4\u7267\u533a\u7684\u6027\u75c5\u9632\u6cbb\u5de5\u4f5c<\/p>\n

\u7814\u7a76\u7b14\u8bb0<\/p>\n

\u5434\u5143\u4e2d\u3000\u4f20\u627f\u4e0e\u91cd\u6784\u2013\u8bc4\u6790\u5f20\u5343\u5e06\u7684\u300c\u4e2d\u534e\u5baa\u653f\u89c2\u300d<\/p>\n

\u666f\u89c2<\/p>\n

\u6768\u884d\u7547\u3000\u5efa\u6784\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u795e\u8bdd\uff1a\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u827a\u672f\u53d1\u5c55<\/p>\n

\u4e66\u8bc4<\/p>\n

\u4f0d\u3000\u56fd\u3000\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u9769\u547d\u4e2d\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u5fc3\u6001\u53f2\u2013\u8bc4\u90ed\u4e8e\u534e\u300a\u53d7\u82e6\u4eba\u7684\u8bb2\u8ff0\uff1a\u9aa5\u6751\u5386\u53f2\u4e0e\u4e00\u79cd\u6587\u660e\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u300b<\/p>\n

\u6768\u9f99\u3001\u674e\u6e58\u5b81\u30001970\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u8bba\u4e89\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u53d8\u9769\u2013\u8bc4\u5434\u6c5f\u300a\u653f\u6cbb\u6ca7\u6851\u516d\u5341\u5e74\uff1a\u5434\u6c5f\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\u300b<\/p>\n

\u535e\u51ac\u78ca\u3000\u201c\u6d3b\u4eba\u201d\u529e\u62a5\u53ca\u5176\u5386\u53f2\u4e66\u5199\u2013\u8bc4\u674e\u91d1\u94e8\u7f16\u300a\u62a5\u4eba\u62a5\u56fd\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u65b0\u95fb\u53f2\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u8bfb\u6cd5\u300b<\/p>\n

\u9648\u534e\u6587\u3000\u56fd\u5bb6\u6784\u5efa\u4e2d\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e0e\u73b0\u4ee3\u6307\u5411\u2013\u8bc4\u4efb\u5251\u6d9b\u300a\u5efa\u56fd\u4e4b\u60d1\uff1a\u7559\u5b66\u7cbe\u82f1\u4e0e\u73b0\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u8bef\u89e3\u300b<\/p>\n

\u80e1\u60a6\u6657\u3000\u4e00\u90e8\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u89c6\u89d2\u4e0b\u7684\u6c11\u56fd\u5317\u4eac\u57ce\u5e02\u53f2\u8457\u4f5c\u2013\u8bc4Madeleine Yue Dong, Republican Beijing: The City and Its Histories<\/p>\n

\u674e\u3000\u52bc\u3000\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u4f53\u80b2\u2013\u8bc4Xu Guoqi, Olympic Dreams: China and Sports, 1895-2008<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u8fb9\u4e92\u52a8<\/p>\n

\u7f16\u540e\u8bed<\/p>\n

\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90<\/p>\n

\u6ce8\u91ca<\/p>\n

1\u3000\u5468\u5176\u4ec1\uff1a\u3008\u4e2d\u56fd\u519c\u6751\u6539\u9769\uff1a\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u6240\u6709\u6743\u5173\u7cfb\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u5b63\u520a\u300b\uff0c\u603b\u7b2c\u516b\u671f\uff081994\u5e74\u590f\u5b63\u5377\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

2\u3000\u6208\u5b9d\u690d\uff1a\u3008\u6ce2\u5170\u548c\u6ce2\u5170\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u82cf\u8054\u4e1c\u6b27\u7814\u7a76\u8d44\u6599\u300b\uff0c1983\u5e74\u7b2c5\u81f36\u671f\uff0c\u9875151\u3002<\/p>\n

3\u3000\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\uff0e\u5e15\u8c22\u514b\u3001\u7f57\u6770\uff0e\u5361\u5185\u7279\uff1a\u3008\u4e1c\u6b27\u5267\u53d8\uff1a\u653f\u6cbb\u6539\u9769\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u57fa\u7840\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u82cf\u8054\u4e1c\u6b27\u95ee\u9898\u7814\u7a76\u8bd1\u4e1b\u300b\uff0c1991\u5e74\u7b2c1\u671f\uff0c\u9875114\u3002<\/p>\n

4\u3000Krassimira Paskaleva et al., eds., Bulgaria in Transition: Environmental Consequences of Political and Economic Transformation (Aldershot, Hants: Ashgate Publishing Company, 1998).<\/p>\n

5\u3000Andrew Wilson, Ukrainian Nationalism in the 1990s: A Minority Faith (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997).<\/p>\n

6\u3000\u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u044f, 1990, no. 35.<\/p>\n

7\u3000Vladimir Pasti, The Challenges of Transition: Romania in Transition, trans. Fraga Cheva Cusin (Boulder: East European Monographs, 1997).<\/p>\n

8\u3000A. Kemp-Welch, trans. and ed., The Birth of Solidarity, 2nd ed. (Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Macmillan in association with St. Antony\u2019s College, Oxford, 1991).<\/p>\n

9\u3000Alain Touraine et al., Solidarity: The Analysis of a Social Movement: Poland, 1980-1981, trans. David Denby (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983).<\/p>\n

10\u3000William Dan Perdue, Paradox of Change: The Rise and Fall of Solidarity in the New Poland (Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 1995).<\/p>\n

11\u3000Arista Maria Cirtautas, The Polish Solidarity Movement: Revolution, Democracy and Natural Rights (London; New York: Routledge, 1997).<\/p>\n

12\u3000Maria Jarosz, ed., Polish Employee-owned Companies in 1995 (Warsaw: PAN ISP, 1996).<\/p>\n

13\u3000Jacqueline Hayden, Poles Apart: Solidarity and the New Poland (Dublin: Irish Academic Press, 1994).<\/p>\n

14\u3000\u300a\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u62a5\u300b\uff08\u6ce2\uff09\uff0c2001\u5e746\u670817\u65e5\u3002<\/p>\n

15\u3000Jerzy Pietrewicz and Stanislaw Hedda, \u201cThe Economic and Financial Con-dition of Employee-owned Companies\u201d, in Polish Employee-owned Companies in 1995, 29-56.<\/p>\n

16\u3000Halina Szostkiewicz , \u201cTrade Unions in Employee-owned Companies\u201d, in Polish Employee-owned Companies in 1995, 105-12.<\/p>\n

17\u3000J. Hardy, A. Rainnie, J. Kot, M. Dziura and E. Piasecka, \u201cRestructuring Huta T. Sendzimira\u2500From the Lenin Steelworks to Lean Production\u201d, Communist Economies and Economic Transformation 8, no. 2 (1996), 237-49.<\/p>\n

18\u3000\u9a6c\u514b\uff0e\u6e29\u65af\u5766\uff1a\u3008\u6ce2\u5170\u56e2\u7ed3\u5de5\u4f1a\u7684\u8870\u843d\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e16\u754c\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u300b\uff0c1994\u5e74\u7b2c3\u671f\uff0c\u987541-46\u3002<\/p>\n

19\u3000\u91d1\u96c1\uff1a\u3008\u201c\u65b0\u94a2\u57ce\u201d\u7684\u65b0\u751f\u3009\uff0c\u8f7d\u300a\u706b\u51e4\u51f0\u4e0e\u732b\u5934\u9e70\u300b\uff08\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e09\u8054\u4e66\u5e97\uff0c1999\uff09\uff0c\u98751-21\u3002<\/p>\n

20\u3000\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8d44\u6599\u5747\u6765\u81eawww.free.ngo.pl.\u4e0ewww.klon\/jawor.pl\u7b49\u7f51\u7ad9\u3002<\/p>\n

21\u300122\u3000Lester M. Salamon, Global Civil Society: Dimension of the Nonprofit Sector (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies, 1999).<\/p>\n

23\u3000\u53c2\u89c1\u79e6\u6656\uff1a\u3008\u4ece\u201c\u4e49\u52a1\u201d\u5230\u201c\u5fd7\u613f\u201d\uff1a\u5199\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u5fd7\u613f\u8005\u5e74\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u5357\u65b9\u5468\u672b\u300b\uff0c2001\u5e741\u67081\u65e5\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u6765\u6e90: \u300a\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u4e16\u7eaa\u300b2005\u5e7410\u6708\u53f7 | \u8d23\u4efb\u7f16\u8f91\uff1a\u4f59\u6c13 \u8f6c\u81ea\uff1a\u65b0\u516c\u6c11\u8fd0\u52a8<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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