{"id":543723,"date":"2016-10-30T10:31:11","date_gmt":"2016-10-30T17:31:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/?p=543723"},"modified":"2017-01-05T13:27:22","modified_gmt":"2017-01-05T21:27:22","slug":"%e6%b3%a1%e6%b3%a1%ef%bd%9c%e5%90%b4%e5%bc%ba%ef%bc%9a%e7%bd%91%e7%bb%9c%e5%85%ac%e6%b0%91%e7%a4%be%e4%bc%9a%e4%b8%8e%e7%bd%91%e7%bb%9c%e5%8f%82%e4%b8%8e","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/543723.html","title":{"rendered":"\u6ce1\u6ce1\uff5c\u5434\u5f3a\uff1a\u7f51\u7edc\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u7f51\u7edc\u53c2\u4e0e"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\uff08\u6ce1\u6ce1\u7279\u7ea6\uff09 \u968f\u7740\u51b7\u6218\u7ed3\u675f\u3001\u5168\u7403\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u7684\u590d\u82cf\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6700\u65e9\u7ecf\u7531\u9093\u6b63\u6765\u7b49\uff08\u9093\u6b63\u6765\uff0c1995\uff1b\u9093\u6b63\u6765\u548c\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\uff0c1999\uff09\u5f15\u5165\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u6539\u53d8\u4e16\u4eba\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u6700\u540e\u5341\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\u59cb\u7ec8\u5904\u4e8e\u6a21\u7cca\u4e0d\u6e05\u3001\u6447\u79fb\u4e0d\u5b9a\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u5728\u5b66\u754c\u8fd8\u662f\u5bf9\u516c\u4f17\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u90fd\u66f4\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u88ab\u8fc7\u6ee4\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u201d\u800c\u5df2(Metzger 1998)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1990\u5e74\u4ee3\u81f3\u4eca\uff0c\u56f4\u7ed5\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u6108\u76ca\u70ed\u70c8\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u6216\u8005\u4e2a\u6848\u53d1\u6398\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6e10\u8fdb\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u9051\u8bba\u56fd\u5bb6-\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6839\u672c\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u4e00\u6539\u53d8\u53ef\u80fd\u4ece\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5f15\u5165\u4e00\u523b\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u59cb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c1990\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u9010\u6e10\u5174\u8d77\u7684\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u5374\u7ec8\u7ed3\u4e86\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u201c\u7f51\u7edc\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u653f\u6cbb\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u516c\u4f17\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u53c2\u4e0e\u3001\u4e43\u81f3\u56fd\u5bb6-\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u53d1\u751f\u7740\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u9644\u52a0\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6216\u8005\u7f51\u7edc\u7b49\u7b49\u524d\u7f00\u4fee\u9970\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u4e5f\u56e0\u800c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u3001\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5316<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u6b64\u4e8c\u5341\u4f59\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u5b66\u754c\u4ee5\u53ca\u516c\u4f17\u5bf9\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u8fc7\u5ea6\u6982\u5ff5\u5316\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u9020\u6210\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u4e50\u89c2\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c \u5f53\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u201c\u865a\u62df\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u51fa\u73b0 \u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u76f2\u76ee\u4e50\u89c2\u53c8\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6000\u7591\u8bba\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f53\u4e0b\u653f\u6cbb\u53d1\u5c55\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5728\u89e3\u91ca\u7f51\u7edc\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u5148\u884c\u68b3\u7406\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ca\u5176\u540e\u679c\uff0c\u624d\u53ef\u80fd\u6b63\u786e\u7406\u89e3\u7f51\u7edc\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56de\u5230\u51b7\u6218\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8f6c\u6298\u70b9\uff0c\u56e2\u7ed3\u5de5\u4f1a\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u56e2\u4f53\u5728\u82cf\u4e1c\u96c6\u56e2\u7684\u5d29\u6e83\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u968f\u540eCohen and Arato\u4e8e1992\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8bba\u300b\uff08\u53ef\u60dc\u8fd9\u672c\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u81f3\u4eca\u672a\u51fa\u4e2d\u8bd1\u672c\uff09\u91cd\u65b0\u5524\u9192\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Cohen and Arato\u5faa\u7740\u201c\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14-\u845b\u5170\u59c6\u897f\u201d\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u7ebf\u7d22\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u80af\u5b9a\u4e86\u201c\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u5bf9\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6027\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u53d7\u6b64\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c1990\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u671f\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf91980\u5e74\u4ee3\u81ea\u7531\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u56e2\u4f53\u3001\u5b66\u751f\u8fd0\u52a8\u3001\u6c11\u4e3b\u5899\u8fd0\u52a8\u3001\u5730\u65b9\u5de5\u4f1a\u548c\u5de5\u4eba\u56e2\u4f53\u7b49\u201c\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u201d\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u6210\u4e3a\u4e3b\u6d41\uff08\u5982He 1997\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e1989\u540e\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5a01\u6743\u5316\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u6d77\u5916\u5b66\u754c(\u5982Brook and Frolic, 1997)\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u524d\u666f\u666e\u904d\u6301\u60b2\u89c2\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u591a\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60b2\u89c2\u8bba\u8c03\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u5728\u6d77\u5916\u4e2d\u56fd\u95ee\u9898\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u5ef6\u7eed\u7740\u5bf9\u65b0\u5174\u7f51\u7edc\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5ffd\u89c6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c Foley and Edwards (1996)\u53ca\u65f6\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1aII\u201d\u548c\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1aI\u201d\u7684\u5212\u5206\uff0c\u5c06\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u8fd9\u5bf9\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6027\u5730\u505a\u4e86\u5207\u5272\u3002\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1aI\u5373\u6258\u514b\u7ef4\u5c14\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u5fd7\u613f\u6027\u5e02\u6c11\u56e2\u4f53\uff0c\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6c11\u4e3b\u8fd0\u8f6c\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u540c\u671f\uff0c\u5e15\u7279\u5357(R. Putnam, 1993,1995)\u5bf9\u610f\u5927\u5229\u5317\u90e8\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c11\u4e3b\u8870\u843d\u7684\u63a2\u8ba8\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u652f\u6301\u548c\u52a0\u5f3a\u4e86\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e24\u8005\u7d27\u5bc6\u5173\u8054\u7684\u8bba\u70b9\uff0c\u5728\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u5927\u6279\u7406\u8bba\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u3002\u800c\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1aII\uff0c\u6307\u7684\u662f\u56e2\u7ed3\u5de5\u4f1a\u5f0f\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u56fd\u5bb6-\u793e\u4f1a\u95f4\u7684\u5bf9\u6297\u5173\u7cfb(contesting relationship)\uff0c\u5173\u5fc3\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5982\u4f55\u624d\u80fd\u6fc0\u53d1\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u53cd\u6297\u610f\u5fd7\u548c\u529b\u91cf\u3002Booth and Richard (1998: 781)\u5219\u7ee7\u7eed\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u66b4\u529b\u6027\u3001\u5bf9\u6297\u6027\u3001\u4f46\u5e76\u975e\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u53cd\u4e13\u5236\u56e2\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u90fd\u88ab\u5355\u72ec\u5212\u5165\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1aIII\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u8d70\u5f97\u592a\u8fdc\uff0c\u4f46\u968f\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u4e16\u7eaa\u53cd\u5168\u7403\u5316\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u9ad8\u6da8\u3001\u53cd\u5168\u7403\u5316\u7684\u6fc0\u8fdb\u66b4\u529b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\uff0c\u57281970\u5e74\u4ee3\u6fc0\u8fdb\u5de6\u7ffc\u7ec4\u7ec7\u9010\u6e10\u6ca1\u843d\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u518d\u5ea6\u8868\u660e\u201c\u81ea\u6cbb\u201d\u3001\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u7b49\u7b49\u6258\u514b\u7ef4\u5c14\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u4fdd\u5b88\u6982\u5ff5\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u793e\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u8fc5\u901f\u6539\u9020\uff0c\u662d\u793a\u7740\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u6c11\u4e3b\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u5230\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53ea\u662f\uff0c\u5bf91990\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e0b\u534a\u53f6\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u4efb\u4f55\u201c\u793e\u56e2\u6027\u201d\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u7ec4\u7ec7\u90fd\u88ab\u5b66\u754c\u770b\u4f5c\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u8ff9\u8c61\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u751a\u81f3\u4ea7\u751f\u4e2d\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u4e00\u591c\u4e4b\u95f4\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5e7b\u89c9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u5b66\u8005\u9093\u6b63\u6765\u4e0e\u82f1\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u8005\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u7f16\u8bd1\u5f15\u4ecb\u4e86\u6b27\u7f8e\u6b63\u5728\u70ed\u70c8\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5728\u540e89\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b66\u754c\u6fc0\u8d77\u867d\u4e0d\u6fc0\u70c8\u4f46\u5374\u6301\u7eed\u6027\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u4e5f\u9010\u6e10\u6210\u4e3a\u66ff\u4ee3\u9769\u547d\u8bdd\u8bed\u3001\u6216\u8005\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u8bdd\u8bed\u3001\u8f6c\u5411\u4ece\u56fd\u5bb6-\u793e\u4f1a\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u91cd\u6784\u3001\u63a8\u52a8\u6709\u9650\u5ea6\u653f\u6cbb\u6539\u9769\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7406\u8bba\u8d44\u6e90\uff08\u5982\u4fde\u53ef\u5e73\uff0c1999\uff0c2000\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u56f4\u7ed5\u7740\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u8fd8\u662f\u5e02\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u6216\u8005\u6c11\u95f4\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\uff0c\u6881\u6cbb\u5e73\uff082001\uff09\u7b49\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f20\u7edf\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u65e7\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b66\u7814\u7a76(Sinology)\u4e2d\u5bfb\u627e\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u672c\u571f\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u53bb\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u201d\u7684\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5bfb\u627e\u6258\u514b\u7ef4\u5c14\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5408\u4e4e\u6574\u4e2a1990\u5e74\u4ee3\u6d53\u91cd\u7684\u201c\u53bb\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u201d\u793e\u4f1a\u6c14\u6c1b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b66\u754c\u5728\u6b64\u6c14\u6c1b\u4e0b\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u201c\u56fd\u5b66\u70ed\u201d\u548c\u201c\u672c\u571f\u5316\u201d\u8f6c\u5411\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u90e8\u5206\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u5b66\u8005\u5411\u5112\u5bb6\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u56de\u5f52\uff08\u5982\u848b\u5e86\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u4ece\u73b0\u5b58\u653f\u6cbb\u7a7a\u95f4\u91cc\u53d1\u6398\u201c\u6cd5\u6cbb\u672c\u571f\u5316\u8d44\u6e90\u201d\uff08\u5982\u82cf\u529b\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u5f7b\u5e95\u653e\u5f03\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5bf9\u6297\u6027\u5f20\u529b\u3001\u7136\u540e\u786e\u8bc1\u53bb\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u7684\u201c\u6c11\u95f4\u793e\u4f1a-\u4f20\u7edf\u601d\u60f3\u201d\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u4fdd\u5b88\u4e3b\u4e49\u8f6c\u5411\u6700\u7ec8\u50ac\u751f\u4e86\u7ed3\u5408\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u4fdd\u5b88\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u5982\u6c6a\u6656\uff082008: 1484\uff09\u6839\u672c\u62d2\u7edd\u793e\u4f1a-\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4e8c\u5143\u5212\u5206\uff0c\u9f13\u5439\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f20\u7edf\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u7279\u522b\u662f\u8fd1\u4ee3\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\u8574\u542b\u7740\u540c\u65f6\u5305\u5bb9\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u521b\u5236\uff0c\u5373\u665a\u6e05\u201c\u521b\u5236\u201d\u7684\u201c\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53ca\u5176\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u6027\u201d\u65e2\u662f\u9020\u6210\u665a\u6e05\u6c11\u65cf\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u6839\u6e90\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u4e49-\u6b27\u6d32\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e16\u754c\u5386\u53f2\u89c2\u7684\u6297\u62d2\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6839\u672c\u6d88\u89e3\u4e86\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14\u7684\u5e02\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7406\u8bba\u4ee5\u53ca\u845b\u5170\u59c6\u897f\u7684\u540e\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u5bf9\u4eca\u65e5\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c1980\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u867d\u7136\u88ab\u8feb\u6d41\u4ea7\u5374\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u5b9d\u8d35\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u9057\u4ea7\uff1a\u4ece1987\u52301989\u5e74\u672b\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\u591a\u9879\u6cd5\u6848\uff0c\u5982\u201c\u57ce\u5e02\u5c45\u6c11\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6cd5\u201d(\u8bd5\u884c\uff0c1987)\u3001\u201c\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u7ba1\u7406\u6761\u4f8b\u201d(1988)\u3001\u201c\u793e\u56e2\u767b\u8bb0\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406\u6761\u4f8b\u201d(\u8bd5\u884c\uff0c1989)\u3001 \u201c\u57ce\u5e02\u5c45\u6c11\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6cd5\u201d(1989)\u7b49\uff0c\u4e3a1990\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u6210\u957f\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u6709\u9650\u4f46\u662f\u5b9d\u8d35\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1990\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6539\u9769\u5728\u5e02\u573a\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u95f4\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u5bf9\u5bbd\u677e\u7684\u65b0\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5f71\u54cd\u7740\u4eca\u5929\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u770b\u6cd5\uff1a\u5176\u4e00\uff0c\u81ea1993\u5e74\u201c\u81ea\u7136\u4e4b\u53cb\u201d\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u8349\u521b\u540e\uff0c1995\u5e74\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u7b2c\u56db\u6b21\u5987\u5973\u5927\u4f1a\uff08\u5317\u4eac\uff09\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u201c\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u7ec4\u7ec7(NGO)\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u57281999\u5e74\u4e4b\u524d\u76f8\u5bf9\u5bbd\u677e\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6c14\u6c1b\u4e2d\u8bde\u751f\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u6279\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u5438\u5f15\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c11\u4ecd\u7136\u6000\u62b1\u793e\u4f1a\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u73af\u5883\u548c\u5987\u5973\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5f00\u521b\u4e86\u89c4\u6a21\u867d\u5c0f\u3001\u4f46\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u3001\u4e14\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u63a5\u8f68\u7684\u4e2d\u56fdNGO\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u4eca\u5929\u4e5f\u582a\u79f0\u53d1\u80b2\u4e2d\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u653f\u5e9c\u5173\u7cfb\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6307\u6807 (\u53c2\u89c1 Howell, 1995,1997; Ma, 1998; Saich, 2000; Wang and He, 2004)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4e8c\uff0c1992\u5e74\u540e\u5168\u9762\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6539\u9769\u6d6a\u6f6e\u4e0b\uff0c\u5728\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u6982\u5ff5\u6307\u5bfc\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u9886\u5bfc\u5c42\u6709\u610f\u63a8\u8fdb\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7ec4\u7ec7\u201d\u7684\u5efa\u8bbe\uff0c\u5404\u7c7b\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u6784\u548c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u81ea\u529e\u548c\u6302\u9760\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u56e2\u4f53\u5927\u91cf\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5927\u90e8\u4e3a\u201c\u5b98\u8425\u201d\u534f\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u6c11\u95f4\u534f\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u6302\u9760\u201d\u65b9\u5f0f\u767b\u8bb0\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u81f31999\u5e74\u5e95\uff0c\u5168\u56fd\u5c31\u6709\u8fd120\u4e07\u4e2a\u767b\u8bb0\u5728\u518c\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u56e2\u4f53\uff0c\u89c4\u6a21\u201c\u5e9e\u5927\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u57fa\u4e8e\u53ef\u7edf\u8ba1\u7684\u7b26\u5408\u5b98\u65b9\u5b9a\u4e49\u5e76\u83b7\u51c6\u767b\u8bb0\u7684\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u56e2\u4f53\u201d\u6240\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\u7206\u53d1\u6027\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u4e3a\u56fd\u5185\u5916\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e2d\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u5e26\u6765\u6781\u5927\u9f13\u821e\uff0c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u201c\u793e\u56e2\u9769\u547d\u201d\uff08Wang and He, 2004; \u9ad8\u4e19\u4e2d\u7b49\uff0c2008\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d\u8f83\u6709\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u6279\u79c1\u8425\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bb6\u534f\u4f1a\u5982\u6e29\u5dde(\u9648\u5269\u52c7\u548c\u9a6c\u658c, 2003, 2004a, 2004b)\u548c\u70df\u53f0(Foster 2002)\u7b49\u5730\u7684\u79c1\u4eba\u5546\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u53ca\u5176\u4e0e\u201c\u515a\u56fd\u9886\u5bfc\u793e\u4f1a\u4f53\u5236\u201d\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u6d77\u5916\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u5173\u6ce8(Unger, 1996)\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c1980\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u5174\u8d77\u7684\u6c14\u529f\u7ec4\u7ec7(Chen 1995)\u3001\u6821\u53cb\u4f1a\u3001\u8001\u4e61\u4f1a(Whyte 1992)\u548c\u8001\u5e72\u90e8\u3001\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u8054\u8c0a\u3001\u60bc\u5ff5\u6d3b\u52a8\u7b49(Mazur 1999)\u6240\u8c13\u81ea\u53d1\u7684\u201c\u6c11\u95f4\u7ec4\u7ec7\u201d\uff0c\u57281990\u5e74\u4ee3\u53bb\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u7684\u6c14\u6c1b\u4e2d\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u8bb6\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u6210\u957f\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f88\u5feb\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u56fd\u5185\u5b66\u754c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u70ed\u6f6e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u540c\u65f6\uff0c1998\u523099\u5e74\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u4e3a\u51c6\u5907\u5165\u4e16\u800c\u7b7e\u7f72\u4e86\u4e24\u9879\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u4eba\u6743\u516c\u7ea6\u540e\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u6743\u5229\u6982\u5ff5\u5f15\u5165\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6269\u5c55\u4e86\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6743\u5229\u548c\u6c11\u4e3b\u5185\u6db5\uff0c\u76f8\u5173\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u6587\u732e\u968f\u540e\u4e95\u55b7\u5f0f\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5f00\u59cb\u88ab\u5b66\u754c\u666e\u904d\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u201c\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u95e8\u201d\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4f53\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e00\u591c\u4e4b\u95f4\u5982\u96e8\u540e\u6625\u7b0b\u822c\u7684\u6210\u957f\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4e3a\u5f53\u65f6\u7406\u8bba\u754c\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u61a7\u61ac\u5f00\u8f9f\u4e86\u4e00\u6761\u65b0\u7684\u9053\u8def\uff08\u4fde\u53ef\u5e73\uff0c 2002\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ece21\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u81f3\u4eca\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u6210\u4e3a\u5b66\u754c\u8054\u7cfb\u653f\u7b56\u90e8\u95e8\u3001\u63a8\u52a8\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e0e\u6cbb\u7406\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u5148\u5bfc\u6027\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6bd41980\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u63d0\u6cd5\u66f4\u660e\u786e\u3001\u66f4\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u88ab\u79ef\u6781\u5e94\u7528\u5728\u57fa\u5c42\u9009\u4e3e\u548c\u6c11\u4e3b\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u6cbb\u7406\u6539\u5584\u548c\u6c11\u4e3b\u6df1\u5316\u7b49\u591a\u9879\u9886\u57df(\u5982\u4f55\u589e\u79d1\uff0c 2000\uff0c2007)\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5bf9\u5730\u65b9\u5546\u4f1a\u548c\u6c11\u95f4\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u540e\u6765\u8f6c\u5411\u57fa\u5c42\u6cbb\u7406\u548c\u57fa\u5c42\u6c11\u4e3b\u521b\u65b0\uff08\u90c1\u5efa\u5174\u7b49\uff0c2008\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c1999\u5e745\u6708\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6cd5\u8f6e\u529f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u548c\u968f\u540e\u884c\u653f\u5f53\u5c40\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u4e25\u5389\u7ba1\u5236\u3001\u91cd\u65b0\u767b\u8bb0\u4e0e\u6574\u987f\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u8868\u660e\u201c\u515a\u9886\u5bfc\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u683c\u5c40\u5e76\u672a\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u5728\u81f3\u4eca\u5c1a\u672a\u677e\u52a8\u7684\u793e\u56e2\u767b\u8bb0\u6761\u4f8b\u7684\u5a01\u6743\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u793e\u56e2\u4e3a\u515a\u653f\u673a\u6784\u76f4\u63a5\u5e72\u9884\u6216\u8005\u8fdb\u884c\u793e\u4f1a\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8d77\u7801\u7684\u81ea\u6cbb\u6027\u3001\u548c\u5fd7\u613f\u6027\uff0c\u5145\u5176\u91cf\u53ea\u80fd\u7b97\u4f5c\u653f\u5e9c\u652f\u6301\u6216\u8d44\u52a9\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u6216\u79f0GONGO\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u8fd8\u662f\u5b9e\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u90fd\u96be\u4ee5\u4ee3\u8868\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4f53\uff0c\u9051\u8bba\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u6cd5\u56e2\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u76f4\u5230\u6700\u8fd1\u51e0\u5e74\u4ecd\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u5b66\u8005\u575a\u6301\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c4\u6a21\u6027\u53d1\u5c55\u4ee3\u8868\u7740\u4e2d\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u968f\u81ea\u7531\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5374\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u5728\u201c\u6392\u65a5\u6027\u201d\u767b\u8bb0\u793e\u56e2\u6761\u4f8b\u4e0b\u5176\u4e2d\u5927\u90e8\u53ea\u662f\u5bf9\u515a\u653f\u673a\u5173\u4f9d\u9644\u6027\u6781\u5f3a\u7684GONGO\uff0c\u4e5f\u96be\u4ee5\u5728\u6982\u5ff5\u5bf9\u7b49\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u8c08\u8bba\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5728\u515a\u56fd\u4f53\u5236\u4e0b\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u53c2\u4e0e\uff0c\u76f8\u5173\u6848\u4f8b\u4f3c\u4e4e\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u201c\u5076\u53d1\u6027\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u53c2\u4e0e\u201d\uff0c\u5982\u73af\u4fddNGO\u53c2\u4e0e\u516c\u5171\u51b3\u7b56\u3001NGO\u4e0e\u653f\u5e9c\u76f8\u4e92\u8d2d\u4e70\u670d\u52a1\u3001\u5916\u6765\u5de5\u53c2\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u6cbb\u7406\u7b49\u7b49(\u5982\u8d3e\u897f\u6d25\uff0c2008)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2004\u5e74\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u7206\u53d1\u6a58\u8272\u9769\u547d\u540e\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u754c\u5148\u524d\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5e7b\u89c9\u548c\u70ed\u60c5\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e0e\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u52a0\u5267\u4e86\u5f53\u5c40\u5bf9\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7279\u522b\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u201c\u989c\u8272\u9769\u547d\u201d\u8513\u5ef6\u7684\u5fe7\u8651\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4e00\u4e9b\u66fe\u7ecf\u63a5\u53d7\u8fc7\u654f\u611f\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8d44\u91d1\u7684\u7231\u77e5\u884c\u7b49\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53d7\u5230\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u8f83\u6df1\u5377\u5165\u7ef4\u6743\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684NGO\uff0c\u5982\u516c\u76df\u3001\u76ca\u4ec1\u5e73\u7b49\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u5728\u6700\u8fd1\u4e24\u3001\u4e09\u5e74\u91cc\u4e5f\u591a\u6b21\u5e38\u5e38\u9762\u4e34\u7a0e\u52a1\u3001\u5370\u5237\u54c1\u3001\u7ecf\u8425\u8bb8\u53ef\u7b49\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4ec5\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c4\u6a21\u6709\u9650\u3001\u5374\u4eab\u6709\u8f83\u9ad8\u793e\u4f1a\u58f0\u671b\u7684NGO\u6240\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u8270\u96be\u5904\u5883\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u73b0\u72b6\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u524d\u666f\u90fd\u4e0d\u5bb9\u4e50\u89c2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8c\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5174\u8d77<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7528\u6237\u4ece1998\u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u767e\u4e07\u52302010\u5e74\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e94\u4ebf\uff0c\u865a\u62df\u793e\u4f1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u6025\u5267\u6269\u5f20\u6839\u672c\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5341\u4f59\u5e74\u7684\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3001\u7528\u6237\u7fa4\u843d\u7684\u6269\u5927\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u3001\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5316\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u6b63\u5728\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u53c2\u4e0e\u53d1\u751f\u7740\u6df1\u523b\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u8c13\u7f51\u7edc\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u6307\u8d2f\u7a7f\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5341\u6570\u5e74\u95f4\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u5176\u7f51\u7edc\u5316\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u653f\u6cbb\u6548\u5e94\u6240\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u5f62\u6001\u3002\u5c31\u7ed3\u6784\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e09\u5c42\u542b\u4e49\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u7f51\u7edc\u9996\u5148\u6307\u7684\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u5f62\u6210\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u516c\u5171\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5373\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u6280\u672f\u53d1\u5c55\u6700\u65e9\u59cb\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u519b\u65b9\u8d44\u52a9\uff0c\u4ece1970\u5e74\u4ee3\u5f00\u59cb\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u76f4\u52301980\u5e74\u4ee3\u624d\u9010\u6e10\u63a8\u5e7f\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u521d\u671f\u7684\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u53ea\u9650\u4e8e\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u3001\u8fdc\u7a0b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u548c\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u8bba\u575b\u7b49\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c01\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u5199\u4e8e1987\u5e74\uff0c\u4f46\u76f4\u52301990\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7684\u8bde\u751f\u3001BBS\u3001\u90ae\u4ef6\u7ec4\u7b49\u5e94\u7528\u8fc5\u901f\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f1998\u5e74\u7528\u6237\u7a81\u7834100\u4e07\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5f00\u59cb\u5177\u5907\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u5316\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u591a\u5bf9\u591a\u201d\u4f20\u64ad\u65b9\u5f0f\u3001\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7684\u201c\u8d5b\u535a\u7a7a\u95f4\u201d(cyberspace)\u521d\u6b65\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u8457\u540d\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e13\u5bb6Howald Rheingold \u57281993\u5e74\u9884\u8a00\u7684\u201c\u865a\u62df\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6700\u521d\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5230\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u865a\u62df\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u56e0\u4e3a\u5176\u865a\u62df\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u7279\u6027\u8fd8\u5e38\u5e38\u88ab\u4eba\u6000\u7591\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e3a\u96be\u4ee5\u4e0e\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u76f8\u63d0\u5e76\u8bba\uff0c\u5145\u5176\u91cf\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u865a\u62df\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u5947\u602a\uff0c\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u6216\u8005\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4fdd\u5b88\u6027\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u65e0\u77e5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u8fdf\u949d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u601d\u7ef4\u4e0e\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684\u60f0\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u9762\u5bf9\u9762\u4ea4\u6d41\u6709\u9650\u3001\u975e\u9762\u5bf9\u9762\u4ea4\u6d41\u8d8b\u4e8e\u5355\u5411\u5ea6\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u91cc\u7684\u901a\u75c5\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4f20\u64ad\u6280\u672f\u521b\u9020\u7684\u5374\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u865a\u62df\u201d(real virtuality)\uff0c\u5982\u5361\u65af\u7279\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u865a\u62df\u6027\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u53ea\u662f\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u5dee\u5f02\u5316\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u201d(Castells, 1996 2000: 402)\uff0c\u8868\u8fbe\u7740\u5927\u4f17\u5bf9\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u548c\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4ea4\u5f80\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u6e34\u671b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6280\u672f\u53d1\u5c55\u8fdb\u5165\u4ea4\u4e92\u6027\u6781\u5f3a\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u5a92\u4f53\u4e5f\u5c31\u662fWeb 2.0\u65f6\u4ee3\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5927\u6982\u5f88\u5c11\u4eba\u518d\u6000\u7591\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u865a\u62df\u6027\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u610f\u4e49\uff1a\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u7f51\u6e38\u7fa4\u4f53\u3001QQ\u7528\u6237\u7fa4\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u8bba\u575b\u4e0a\u7684\u7f51\u53cb\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u8054\u63a5\u548c\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u90fd\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u865a\u62df\u201d\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u7740\u201c\u81ea\u6211\u53c2\u7167\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u7c7b\u522b\u5316\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u5b9a\u4e49\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u610f\u5927\u5229\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5bb6Melucci(1996:77)\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u201cidentization\u201d\u2014\u2014\u7c7b\u540c\u5316\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u57fa\u7840\u65e2\u662f\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u516c\u5171\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u548c\u4ea4\u5f80\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5f7c\u6b64\u95f4\u6700\u5927\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u8ba4\u540c\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4ee5\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u3001IT\u3001\u7231\u597d\u7b49\u8bae\u9898\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u201c\u7c7b\u540c\u5316\u201d\uff0c\u4ece\u603b\u4f53\u4e0a\u6784\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u73b0\u5b9e\u793e\u4f1a\u8ba4\u540c\u8fe5\u5f02\u7684\u201c\u7f51\u6c11\u201d(netizen)\u7fa4\u4f53\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e25\u5389\u7ba1\u5236\u5a92\u4f53\u548c\u8206\u8bba\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ece1990\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u5230\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u6700\u521d\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4ea4\u6d41\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u5e94\u7528\u5c06\u7f51\u7edc\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u5851\u9020\u6210\u4e2d\u56fd\u552f\u4e00\u6709\u6548\u7684\u516c\u5171\u8206\u8bba\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e00\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u516c\u5171\u6027\u968f\u7740\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7ba1\u5236\u7684\u52a0\u5f3a\u9010\u6e10\u524a\u5f31\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u521d\u671f\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u96f6\u5e72\u9884\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c1998\u5e74\u201c\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u5883\u754c\u201d\u7b49\u65e9\u671f\u601d\u60f3\u7c7b\u7f51\u7ad9\u5960\u5b9a\u7684\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u6587\u5316\u57fa\u8c03\u8d2f\u7a7f\u59cb\u7ec8\uff0c\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u6709\u7740\u826f\u597d\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u666e\u901a\u516c\u6c11\u5728\u8d5b\u535a\u7a7a\u95f4\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4f5c\u4e3a\u516c\u5171\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u53d1\u5730\u521b\u5efa\u5927\u91cf\u3001\u5404\u7c7b\u65f6\u653f\u6027\u3001\u601d\u60f3\u6027\u516c\u5171BBS\u8bba\u575b\uff0c\u79ef\u6781\u53c2\u4e0e\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u57281998\u52302005\u5e74\u7684\u6570\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u4ee51998\/99\u5e74\u7684\u53cd\u7f8e\u6d6a\u6f6e\u30012003\u5e74\u5b59\u5fd7\u521a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e3a\u6807\u5fd7\uff0c\u804a\u5929\u5ba4\u548c\u8bba\u575b\u7684\u6fc0\u70c8\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e0e\u8bc4\u8bba\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u65ad\u8f6c\u53d1\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u95e8\u6237\u7f51\u7ad9\u3001\u975e\u8bba\u575b\u7f51\u7ad9\u548c\u4f20\u7edf\u5a92\u4f53\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u8f6c\u53d1\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u7f51\u4e0a\u8206\u8bba\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5728\u53d7\u63a7\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u7f51\u7edc\u8206\u8bba\u7684\u5174\u8d77\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u516c\u5171\u8206\u8bba\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd(Lagerkvist 2006)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u76f8\u6bd4\u88ab\u52a8\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u6027\u6c11\u610f\u8c03\u67e5\u3001\u53d7\u5230\u4e25\u5389\u7ba1\u5236\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u5a92\u4f53\u4e0a\u7684\u8206\u8bba\u3001\u6216\u8005\u4f20\u7edf\u4f53\u5236\u5185\u6709\u9650\u7684\u6c11\u610f\u8868\u8fbe\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5982\u5355\u4f4d\u5185\u7684\u804c\u4ee3\u4f1a\u3001\u5e72\u90e8\u4efb\u9009\u8bc4\u4f30\u3001\u57fa\u5c42\u9009\u4e3e\u7b49\uff08\u89c1\u5510\u6587\u65b9 2005 2008\uff09\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u8206\u8bba\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u5237\u65b0\u65e0\u7591\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u7740\u5145\u5206\u5e7f\u6cdb\u6027\u3001\u5373\u65f6\u6027\u3001\u51b2\u51fb\u6027\u548c\u9010\u6e10\u5f62\u6001\u5316\u7684\u201c\u7f51\u7edc\u6c11\u610f\u201d\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f53\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e4e\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u516c\u5f00\u5316\u7684\u3001\u4e3b\u52a8\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6c11\u610f\u8868\u8fbe\u673a\u5236\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5176\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u201c\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u503e\u5411\uff0c\u6bd4\u59821999\u5e745\u67088\u65e5\u5357\u6d77\u649e\u673a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u540e\u7684\u201c\u7f51\u7edc\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u9ad8\u6da8(Li and Qin, 2001)\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u201c\u4e2d\u5171\u4e27\u5931\u4e86\u5bf9\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e3b\u4e49\u8bdd\u8bed\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u9738\u6743\u201d (Cries 2004)\uff0c\u4e0e\u603b\u4f53\u4e0a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u201c\u7f51\u7edc\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5174\u8d77\u201d\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30(Yang 2003)\u5e76\u4e0d\u77db\u76fe\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c2006\u5e74\u540eWeb 2.0\u6280\u672f\u7684\u9010\u6e10\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u89c6\u9891\u3001\u4e2a\u4eba\u535a\u5ba2\u548c\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u6d8c\u73b0\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f2008\u5317\u4eac\u5965\u8fd0\u4f1a\u540e\u63a8\u7279\u548c\u65b0\u6d6a\u5fae\u535a\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u201c\u7f51\u7edc\u6c11\u610f\u201d\u6108\u76ca\u6c79\u6d8c\uff0c\u5145\u65a5\u7740\u5404\u7c7b\u5730\u65b9\u6027\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u516c\u5171\u8bae\u7a0b\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u8206\u8bba\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u5a92\u4f53\u5373\u5faa\u8ff9\u800c\u81f3\uff0c\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5de6\u53f3\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u5a92\u4f53\u8bdd\u8bed\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u7fa4\u4f53\u6027\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u5982\u74ee\u5b89\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3001\u77f3\u9996\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3001\u4fdd\u5b9a\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/space\/%E6%88%91%E7%88%B8%E6%98%AF%E6%9D%8E%E5%88%9A\" 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\u201c\u53d8\u6001\u5206\u5c42\u201d (heterarchical)\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7cfb\u7edf(Kontopoulos, 1993: 55)\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u539f\u6709\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u793e\u4f1a\u201c\u5355\u4e00\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3001\u6811\u72b6\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u5c42\u7ea7\u5f0f\u7684\u201d\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fdNGO\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u65f6\u4ee3\u751a\u81f3\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fdNGO\u7684\u751f\u6210\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u65b0\u5174NGO\u5b8c\u5168\u5d4c\u5165\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\uff0cNGO\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6a2a\u5411\u7f51\u7edc\u751f\u957f\u4e5f\u6539\u53d8\u4e86NGO\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u5185\u90e8\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4f9d\u8d56\u5c11\u6570\u8d44\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u578b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u5c42\u7ea7\u7ed3\u6784\u6f14\u53d8\u4e3a\u591a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u201c\u53d8\u6001\u5206\u5c42\u201d\u7f51\u7edc(Wu 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2.0\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u5a92\u4f53\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6269\u5c55\u4e3a\u5f62\u5f0f\u591a\u6837\u7684\u201c\u8d5b\u535a\u884c\u52a8\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d(cyberactivism)\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5305\u62ec\u5404\u79cd\u5728\u7ebf\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u5982\u7f51\u7edc\u56f4\u89c2\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u8ddf\u8d34\u642d\u697c\uff09\u3001\u7f51\u4e0a\u6350\u6b3e\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u8baf\u793e\u4e0e\u7f51\u7edc\u8bb0\u8005\u3001\u7f51\u4e0a\u8c03\u67e5\uff08\u4eba\u8089\u641c\u7d22\uff09(Yang 2009)\uff0c\u66f4\u53d1\u5c55\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6781\u5bcc\u73b0\u5b9e\u51b2\u51fb\u529b\u7684\u7ebf\u4e0b\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u5982\u5728\u573a\u62a5\u9053\u3001\u5b9e\u5730\u8c03\u67e5\u3001\u516c\u6c11\u8bb0\u8005\u3001\u8bb0\u5f55\u62cd\u6444\u7b49\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u5404\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u5a92\u4f53\u968f\u65f6\u4e0e\u7f51\u7edc\u516c\u4f17\u4fdd\u6301\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u89c6\u9891\u548c\u97f3\u9891\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea4\u4e92\u5a92\u4f53\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u5316\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u793e\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u4ee5\u7f51\u7edc\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u201c\u53bb\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u201d\u5f7b\u5e95\u6539\u9020\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5f97\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6709\u610f\u4fdd\u6301\u53bb\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u59ff\u6001\u7684NGO\u4ece\u4e00\u5ea6\u7684\u793e\u8fd0\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6ca6\u4e3a\u793e\u8fd0\u7684\u8fb9\u7f18\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c2008\u5e74\u74ee\u5b89\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u8bb0\u8005\u4f50\u62c9\uff08\u5468\u66d9\u5149\uff09\u7b2c\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u6df1\u5165\u74ee\u5b89\u73b0\u573a\u5e76\u5728\u4e2a\u4eba\u535a\u5ba2\u548c\u76f8\u518c\u4e0a\u53d1\u5e03\u89c1\u95fb\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u5916\u754c\u4e86\u89e3\u4e8b\u4ef6\u771f\u76f8\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u624b\u6750\u6599\uff1b2009\u5e74\u6c76\u5ddd\u5730\u9707\u540e\uff0c\u8457\u540d\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u827e\u672a\u672a\u4eb2\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8d74\u5ddd\u67e5\u627e\u3001\u6574\u7406\u9047\u96be\u513f\u7ae5\u540d\u5f55\uff0c\u5e76\u6309\u751f\u65e5\u9010\u65e5\u516c\u5e03\u63a8\u7279\u4e0a\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u4e86\u516c\u4f17\u5bf9\u6c76\u5ddd\u5730\u9707\u9047\u96be\u8005\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u5173\u6ce8\uff1b\u57282009\u5e74<a href=\"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/space\/%E9%82%93%E7%8E%89%E5%A8%87%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6\" target=\"_blank\">\u9093\u7389\u5a07\u4e8b\u4ef6<\/a>\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f51\u53cb\u5c60\u592b\uff08\u5434\u6de6\uff09\u53ea\u8eab\u95ef\u8fc7\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u8bbe\u7acb\u7684\u9694\u79bb\u7ebf\uff0c\u4e5f\u907f\u5f00\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u5a92\u4f53\u6240\u53d7\u7684\u62a5\u9053\u7981\u4ee4\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u5b9e\u65f6\u63a2\u8bbf\u5230\u9093\u7389\u5a07\u672c\u4eba\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u53cd\u54cd\uff0c\u4e3a\u9093\u7389\u5a07\u672c\u4eba\u7684\u65e0\u7f6a\u5316\u5224\u51b3\u8d77\u5230\u5173\u952e\u4f5c\u7528\uff1b\u57282010\u5e74\u5e7f\u5dde\u756a\u79ba\u5783\u573e\u5904\u7406\u5382\u6297\u8bae\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f51\u53cb\u5317\u98ce\uff08\u6e29\u4e91\u8d85\uff09\u5728\u6297\u8bae\u73b0\u573a\u4e0e\u63a8\u7279\u7f51\u53cb\u7684\u53ca\u65f6\u4e92\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u6b64\u79cd\u79cd\u653f\u6cbb\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u5355\u7eaf\u662f\u7f51\u4e0a\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u800c\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u7ed3\u5408\u4e86\u7f51\u4e0a\u4e0e\u7f51\u4e0b\u7684\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5728\u4ee5\u793e\u4f1a\u76d1\u63a7\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u201c\u4e0d\u5728\u573a\u653f\u6cbb\u201d\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u4f9d\u9760Web 2.0\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u5a92\u4f53\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e2a\u4eba\u5316\u548c\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\uff0c\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7684\u201c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u53ef\u5728\u573a\u201d\u7684\u201c\u5171\u65f6\u653f\u6cbb\u201d\u53c2\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u5434\u5f3a 2011\uff09\uff0c\u5f7b\u5e95\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6240\u8c13\u865a\u62df\u6027\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7f51\u7edc\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u4ecb\u5165\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5f97\u7ef4\u6743\u8fd0\u52a8\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5df2\u7ecf\u6f14\u53d8\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ece\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u653f\u6cbb\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u6216\u884c\u52a8\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u7edd\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u90fd\u660e\u663e\u5728\u6cd5\u5b9a\u6846\u67b6\u548c\u65e2\u6709\u8bc9\u6c42\u7ba1\u9053\u5185\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u5373\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u5438\u7eb3\u578b\u6297\u4e89\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0a\u8ff0\u76f8\u5173\u6848\u4f8b\u5374\u5927\u90e8\u843d\u5165\u5f53\u5c40\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u548c\u9632\u8303\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u6d3b\u52a8\u5206\u5b50\u8eab\u9677\u56f9\u5704\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u51f8\u663e\u4f53\u5236\u5916\u653f\u6cbb\u53c2\u4e0e\u672c\u8eab\u4e0e\u76d1\u63a7\u653f\u6cbb\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7d27\u5f20\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u5438\u7eb3\u578b\u6297\u4e89\u6240\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u73b0\u6709\u6cd5\u5b9a\u6846\u67b6\u548c\u8bc9\u6c42\u7ba1\u9053\u6b63\u5728\u88ab\u4eba\u4e3a\u5173\u95ed\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4f53\u5236\u5916\u7f51\u7edc\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6210\u957f\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u7f51\u7edc\u6c11\u610f\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u6fc0\u589e\u5e76\u975e\u6709\u610f\u6f14\u6210\u793e\u4f1a-\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5bf9\u6297\u6001\u52bf\uff0c\u5374\u4e5f\u88ab\u7ba1\u6cbb\u5f53\u5c40\u89c6\u4e3a\u201c\u903e\u8d8a\u578b\u6297\u4e89\u201d\u800c\u6b32\u52a0\u63a7\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5317\u7f8e\u793e\u8fd0\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\u9ea6\u514b\u4e9a\u5f53\u7b49\u4eba\u5bf9\u5438\u7eb3\u4e0e\u903e\u8d8a\u578b\u6297\u4e89\u7684\u5212\u5206(McAdam et al., 2001: 7-8)\u53ef\u80fd\u5e76\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u72b6\u51b5\uff0c\u96be\u4ee5\u5ef6\u7eed\u201c\u89c4\u5219\u9075\u5b88\u201d(rule-making)\u4e0e\u201c\u89c4\u5219\u7834\u574f\u201d(rule-breaking)\u7684\u793e\u8fd0\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u9075\u5b88\u65e2\u6709\u89c4\u5219\u5e76\u4e0d\u6784\u6210\u793e\u8fd0\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u53ca\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fc7\u53bb\u5341\u6570\u5e74\u6765\u9010\u6e10\u6210\u957f\u3001\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u58f0\u52bf\u6d69\u5927\u7684\u7ef4\u6743\u8fd0\u52a8\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5176\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u201c\u5438\u7eb3\u7a7a\u95f4\u201d\u6781\u5176\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4ecb\u5165\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u5448\u73b0\u4e3a\u201c\u903e\u8d8a\u578b\u6297\u4e89\u201d\u7684\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5e7f\u6cdb\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u6297\u4e89\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7f51\u7edc\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u53c2\u4e0e\u662f\u5728\u672a\u83b7\u5f97\u5e73\u7b49\u53c2\u4e0e\u6743\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u7684\u81ea\u53d1\u6784\u5efa\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u521b\u65b0\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u5f3a\u7684\u53cd\u5a01\u6743\u6027\u8d28\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0e\u7f51\u7edc\u76d1\u7ba1\u673a\u6784\u5df2\u7ecf\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u6c11\u610f\u6240\u5185\u542b\u7684\u8349\u6839\uff08\u57fa\u5c42\uff09\u6b63\u4e49\u8bc9\u6c42\u76f4\u63a5\u6311\u6218\u73b0\u6709\u6cbb\u7406\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u7edf\u6cbb\u653f\u6743\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5206\u79bb\u3001\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6210\u957f\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5bf9\u7ba1\u6cbb\u672c\u8eab\u800c\u975e\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd\u4e3b\u4f53\u5e76\u4e0d\u9650\u4e8e\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u6216\u8005\u5177\u4f53\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u57fa\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u6297\u4e89\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u516c\u5171\u6027\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u8fdc\u8fdc\u8d85\u51fa\u5730\u65b9\u751a\u81f3\u56fd\u571f\u7586\u754c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u5404\u7ea7\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u3001\u5404\u653f\u5e9c\u90e8\u95e8\u90fd\u8bd5\u56fe\u4e3b\u52a8\u5360\u9886\u6216\u8005\u63a7\u5236\u7f51\u7edc\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u79ef\u6781\u5e72\u9884\u7f51\u7edc\u8206\u8bba\u7684\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u76d1\u63a7\u7f51\u4e0b\u7ed3\u793e\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u8c0b\u6c42\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u7684\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7ba1\u7406\u521b\u65b0\uff0c\u9632\u8303\u201c\u989c\u8272\u9769\u547d\u201d\u4ece\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7a7a\u95f4\u7206\u53d1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u7ba1\u6cbb\u5f53\u5c40\u8bd5\u56fe\u4ece\u5f3a\u5316\u5bf9\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\u5165\u624b\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\u5185\u5bb9\u5ba1\u67e5\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u5b9e\u65f6\u64cd\u7eb5\u95e8\u6237\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u8bae\u9898\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u76d1\u63a7\u7740\u6240\u6709\u5883\u5185\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u8a00\u8bba\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f42008\u5e74\u540e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5883\u5185\u7f51\u7ad9\u6570\u91cf\u5f00\u59cb\u5927\u5e45\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u8fd12009\u5e74\u4e00\u5e74\u5c31\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86132\u4e07\u4e2a\uff0c\u5e74\u964d\u5e4541%(CNNIC, 2011\/1\/19)\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u515a\u56fd\u4f53\u5236\u4e5f\u5728\u8bd5\u56fe\u79ef\u6781\u5730\u5e94\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\uff0c\u91c7\u53d6\u4e3b\u52a8\u624b\u6bb5\u5360\u9886\u8d5b\u535a\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\uff0c\u9664\u4e8621\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u5168\u9762\u6253\u9020\u201ce-government\u201d\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u91cd\u89c6\u5229\u7528Web 2.0\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u653f\u5e9c\u5fae\u535a\uff0c\u4e3b\u52a8\u5f00\u8f9f\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7a7a\u95f4\u5185\u516c\u6c11\u53c2\u4e0e\u5bf9\u8bdd\u7684\u65b0\u6e20\u9053\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u5c06\u7f51\u7edc\u8206\u8bba\u4e0e\u4ea4\u6d41\u7eb3\u5165\u5b98\u65b9\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd\u673a\u5236\u548c\u8bdd\u8bed\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u52aa\u529b\u201c\u6392\u6324\u201d\u81ea\u53d1\u6027\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u624b\u6cd5\u4e0e\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u521b\u5efa\u5b98\u65b9\u8d44\u52a9\u7684\u793e\u56e2(GONGO)\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u81f4\u4e8e\uff0c\u4ece2003\u5e74\u5b59\u5fd7\u521a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u89e6\u53d1\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u5e9f\u6b62\u201c\u6536\u5bb9\u5ba1\u67e5\u6761\u4f8b\u201d\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u6c11\u610f\u4e0e\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ea\u80fd\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u9690\u5f62\u5bf9\u8bdd\uff0c\u5e76\u65e0\u5b9e\u8d28\u6027\u6216\u5efa\u8bbe\u6027\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6-\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u660e\u663e\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u5341\u5e74\u6765\u9010\u6e10\u6210\u957f\u3001\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u58f0\u52bf\u6d69\u5927\u7684\u7ef4\u6743\u8fd0\u52a8\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u7ba1\u6cbb\u5f53\u5c40\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u6392\u6324\u5f0f\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7ba1\u7406\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5982\u540c\u65e9\u5148NGO\u6240\u5021\u5bfc\u7684\u201c\u7ef4\u6743\u201d\u3001\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u670d\u52a1\u201d\u3001\u201c\u5fd7\u613f\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u7b49\u793e\u4f1a\u4ecb\u5165\u65b9\u5f0f\u88ab\u5f53\u5c40\u5438\u7eb3\uff0c\u5148\u540e\u7531\u515a\u653f\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u5efa\u7acb\u591a\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u6027\u201c\u519c\u6c11\u5de5\u7ef4\u6743\u201d\u3001\u201c\u5987\u5973\u7ef4\u6743\u201d\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u9f13\u52b1\u5efa\u7acb\u793e\u533a\u201c\u975e\u8425\u5229\u793e\u4f1a\u5355\u4f4d\u201d\uff0c\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u5965\u8fd0\u4f1a\u671f\u95f4\u901a\u8fc7\u5171\u9752\u56e2\u52a8\u5458\u8d77\u5927\u6279\u201c\u5fd7\u613f\u9752\u5e74\u201d\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u5373\u54c8\u8d1d\u9a6c\u65af\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5316\u201d\u6216\u201c\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5316\u201d\uff08\u54c8\u8d1d\u9a6c\u65af 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civil society)\uff0c\u6216\u53ef\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a 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Dissidents)\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\uff0c\u5f532011\u5e74\u521d\u7a81\u5c3c\u65af\u3001\u57c3\u53ca\u7206\u53d1\u4e86\u4ee5\u201c\u63a8\u7279\u9769\u547d\u201d\u63a8\u52a8\u7684\u201c\u8309\u8389\u82b1\u9769\u547d\u201d\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7f51\u7edc\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u53c2\u4e0e\u6216\u8bb8\u6b63\u5904\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u7684\u5341\u5b57\u8def\u53e3\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0e\u7ba1\u5236\u3001\u53c2\u4e0e\u548c\u5438\u7eb3\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u53d1\u5c55\u5c06\u5f71\u54cd\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u653f\u6cbb\u672a\u6765\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n<p>(\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u5434\u5f3a\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u535a\u58eb)<\/p>\n<p><small>\u672c\u6587\u7531\u81ea\u52a8\u805a\u5408\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53d6\u81ea\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u548c\u89c2\u70b9\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u6570\u5b57\u65f6\u4ee3\u7acb\u573a<\/small><\/p>\n<p>\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb<a 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rel=\"noopener\">\u8fd9\u91cc<\/a>\uff0c\u7a7f\u5899\u9605\u8bfb\u6570\u5b57\u65f6\u4ee3\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\uff08\u6ce1\u6ce1\u7279\u7ea6\uff09\u968f\u7740\u51b7\u6218\u7ed3\u675f\u3001\u5168\u7403\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u7684\u590d\u82cf\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6700\u65e9\u7ecf\u7531\u9093\u6b63\u6765\u7b49\uff08\u9093\u6b63\u6765\uff0c1995\uff1b\u9093\u6b63\u6765\u548c\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\uff0c1999\uff09\u5f15\u5165\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u6539\u53d8\u4e16\u4eba\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u6700\u540e\u5341\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\u59cb\u7ec8\u5904\u4e8e\u6a21\u7cca\u4e0d\u6e05\u3001\u6447\u79fb\u4e0d\u5b9a\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u5728\u5b66\u754c\u8fd8\u662f\u5bf9\u516c\u4f17\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u90fd\u66f4\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u88ab\u8fc7\u6ee4\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u201d\u800c\u5df2(Metzger 1998)\u3002p.p1 margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 17.0px Georgia; color: #323333; -webkit-text-stroke: #000000span.s1 font-kerning: none1990\u5e74\u4ee3\u81f3\u4eca\uff0c\u56f4\u7ed5\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u6108\u76ca\u70ed\u70c8\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u6216\u8005\u4e2a\u6848\u53d1\u6398\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6e10\u8fdb\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u9051\u8bba\u56fd\u5bb6-\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6839\u672c\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u4e00\u6539\u53d8\u53ef\u80fd\u4ece\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5f15\u5165\u4e00\u523b\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c1990\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u9010\u6e10\u5174\u8d77\u7684\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u5374\u7ec8\u7ed3\u4e86\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u201c\u7f51\u7edc\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u653f\u6cbb\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u516c\u4f17\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u53c2\u4e0e\u3001\u4e43\u81f3\u56fd\u5bb6-\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u53d1\u751f\u7740\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u9644\u52a0\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6216\u8005\u7f51\u7edc\u7b49\u7b49\u524d\u7f00\u4fee\u9970\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u4e5f\u56e0\u800c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\u3002\u4e00\u3001\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5316\u5982\u6b64\u4e8c\u5341\u4f59\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u5b66\u754c\u4ee5\u53ca\u516c\u4f17\u5bf9\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u8fc7\u5ea6\u6982\u5ff5\u5316\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u9020\u6210\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u4e50\u89c2\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u5f53\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u201c\u865a\u62df\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u51fa\u73b0\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u76f2\u76ee\u4e50\u89c2\u53c8\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6000\u7591\u8bba\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f53\u4e0b\u653f\u6cbb\u53d1\u5c55\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5728\u89e3\u91ca\u7f51\u7edc\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u5148\u884c\u68b3\u7406\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ca\u5176\u540e\u679c\uff0c\u624d\u53ef\u80fd\u6b63\u786e\u7406\u89e3\u7f51\u7edc\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u56de\u5230\u51b7\u6218\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8f6c\u6298\u70b9\uff0c\u56e2\u7ed3\u5de5\u4f1a\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u56e2\u4f53\u5728\u82cf\u4e1c\u96c6\u56e2\u7684\u5d29\u6e83\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u968f\u540eCohen and Arato\u4e8e1992\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8bba\u300b\uff08\u53ef\u60dc\u8fd9\u672c\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u81f3\u4eca\u672a\u51fa\u4e2d\u8bd1\u672c\uff09\u91cd\u65b0\u5524\u9192\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3002Cohen and Arato\u5faa\u7740\u201c\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14-\u845b\u5170\u59c6\u897f\u201d\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u7ebf\u7d22\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u80af\u5b9a\u4e86\u201c\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u5bf9\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6027\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u53d7\u6b64\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c1990\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u671f\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf91980\u5e74\u4ee3\u81ea\u7531\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u56e2\u4f53\u3001\u5b66\u751f\u8fd0\u52a8\u3001\u6c11\u4e3b\u5899\u8fd0\u52a8\u3001\u5730\u65b9\u5de5\u4f1a\u548c\u5de5\u4eba\u56e2\u4f53\u7b49\u201c\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u201d\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u6210\u4e3a\u4e3b\u6d41\uff08\u5982He 1997\uff09\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e1989\u540e\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5a01\u6743\u5316\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u6d77\u5916\u5b66\u754c(\u5982Brook and Frolic, 1997)\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u524d\u666f\u666e\u904d\u6301\u60b2\u89c2\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u591a\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60b2\u89c2\u8bba\u8c03\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u5728\u6d77\u5916\u4e2d\u56fd\u95ee\u9898\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u5ef6\u7eed\u7740\u5bf9\u65b0\u5174\u7f51\u7edc\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5ffd\u89c6\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c Foley and Edwards (1996)\u53ca\u65f6\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1aII\u201d\u548c\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1aI\u201d\u7684\u5212\u5206\uff0c\u5c06\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u8fd9\u5bf9\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6027\u5730\u505a\u4e86\u5207\u5272\u3002\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1aI\u5373\u6258\u514b\u7ef4\u5c14\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u5fd7\u613f\u6027\u5e02\u6c11\u56e2\u4f53\uff0c\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6c11\u4e3b\u8fd0\u8f6c\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\u3002p.p1 margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px Helvetica; color: #101010; -webkit-text-stroke: #101010p.p2 margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 17.0px Georgia; color: #323333; -webkit-text-stroke: #000000span.s1 font-kerning: nonespan.s2 font: 17.0px Helvetica; font-kerning: none \u540c\u671f\uff0c\u5e15\u7279\u5357(R. Putnam, 1993,1995)\u5bf9\u610f\u5927\u5229\u5317\u90e8\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c11\u4e3b\u8870\u843d\u7684\u63a2\u8ba8\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u652f\u6301\u548c\u52a0\u5f3a\u4e86\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e24\u8005\u7d27\u5bc6\u5173\u8054\u7684\u8bba\u70b9\uff0c\u5728\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u5927\u6279\u7406\u8bba\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u3002\u800c\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1aII\uff0c\u6307\u7684\u662f\u56e2\u7ed3\u5de5\u4f1a\u5f0f\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u56fd\u5bb6-\u793e\u4f1a\u95f4\u7684\u5bf9\u6297\u5173\u7cfb(contesting relationship)\uff0c\u5173\u5fc3\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5982\u4f55\u624d\u80fd\u6fc0\u53d1\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u53cd\u6297\u610f\u5fd7\u548c\u529b\u91cf\u3002Booth and Richard (1998: 781)\u5219\u7ee7\u7eed\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u66b4\u529b\u6027\u3001\u5bf9\u6297\u6027\u3001\u4f46\u5e76\u975e\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u53cd\u4e13\u5236\u56e2\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u90fd\u88ab\u5355\u72ec\u5212\u5165\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1aIII\u201d\u3002\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u8d70\u5f97\u592a\u8fdc\uff0c\u4f46\u968f\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u4e16\u7eaa\u53cd\u5168\u7403\u5316\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u9ad8\u6da8\u3001\u53cd\u5168\u7403\u5316\u7684\u6fc0\u8fdb\u66b4\u529b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\uff0c\u57281970\u5e74\u4ee3\u6fc0\u8fdb\u5de6\u7ffc\u7ec4\u7ec7\u9010\u6e10\u6ca1\u843d\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u518d\u5ea6\u8868\u660e\u201c\u81ea\u6cbb\u201d\u3001\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u7b49\u7b49\u6258\u514b\u7ef4\u5c14\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u4fdd\u5b88\u6982\u5ff5\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u793e\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u8fc5\u901f\u6539\u9020\uff0c\u662d\u793a\u7740\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u6c11\u4e3b\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u5230\u6765\u3002p.p1 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\u201c\u57ce\u5e02\u5c45\u6c11\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6cd5\u201d(1989)\u7b49\uff0c\u4e3a1990\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u6210\u957f\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u6709\u9650\u4f46\u662f\u5b9d\u8d35\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u7a7a\u95f4\u30021990\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6539\u9769\u5728\u5e02\u573a\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u95f4\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u5bf9\u5bbd\u677e\u7684\u65b0\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5f71\u54cd\u7740\u4eca\u5929\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u770b\u6cd5\uff1a\u5176\u4e00\uff0c\u81ea1993\u5e74\u201c\u81ea\u7136\u4e4b\u53cb\u201d\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u8349\u521b\u540e\uff0c1995\u5e74\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u7b2c\u56db\u6b21\u5987\u5973\u5927\u4f1a\uff08\u5317\u4eac\uff09\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u201c\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u7ec4\u7ec7(NGO)\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u57281999\u5e74\u4e4b\u524d\u76f8\u5bf9\u5bbd\u677e\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6c14\u6c1b\u4e2d\u8bde\u751f\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u6279\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u5438\u5f15\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c11\u4ecd\u7136\u6000\u62b1\u793e\u4f1a\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u73af\u5883\u548c\u5987\u5973\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5f00\u521b\u4e86\u89c4\u6a21\u867d\u5c0f\u3001\u4f46\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u3001\u4e14\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u63a5\u8f68\u7684\u4e2d\u56fdNGO\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u4eca\u5929\u4e5f\u582a\u79f0\u53d1\u80b2\u4e2d\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u653f\u5e9c\u5173\u7cfb\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6307\u6807 (\u53c2\u89c1 Howell, 1995,1997; Ma, 1998; Saich, 2000; Wang and He, 2004)\u3002\u5176\u4e8c\uff0c1992\u5e74\u540e\u5168\u9762\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6539\u9769\u6d6a\u6f6e\u4e0b\uff0c\u5728\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u6982\u5ff5\u6307\u5bfc\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u9886\u5bfc\u5c42\u6709\u610f\u63a8\u8fdb\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7ec4\u7ec7\u201d\u7684\u5efa\u8bbe\uff0c\u5404\u7c7b\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u6784\u548c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u81ea\u529e\u548c\u6302\u9760\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u56e2\u4f53\u5927\u91cf\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5927\u90e8\u4e3a\u201c\u5b98\u8425\u201d\u534f\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u6c11\u95f4\u534f\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u6302\u9760\u201d\u65b9\u5f0f\u767b\u8bb0\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u81f31999\u5e74\u5e95\uff0c\u5168\u56fd\u5c31\u6709\u8fd120\u4e07\u4e2a\u767b\u8bb0\u5728\u518c\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u56e2\u4f53\uff0c\u89c4\u6a21\u201c\u5e9e\u5927\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u57fa\u4e8e\u53ef\u7edf\u8ba1\u7684\u7b26\u5408\u5b98\u65b9\u5b9a\u4e49\u5e76\u83b7\u51c6\u767b\u8bb0\u7684\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u56e2\u4f53\u201d\u6240\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\u7206\u53d1\u6027\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u4e3a\u56fd\u5185\u5916\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e2d\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u5e26\u6765\u6781\u5927\u9f13\u821e\uff0c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u201c\u793e\u56e2\u9769\u547d\u201d\uff08Wang and He, 2004; \u9ad8\u4e19\u4e2d\u7b49\uff0c2008\uff09\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u8f83\u6709\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u6279\u79c1\u8425\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bb6\u534f\u4f1a\u5982\u6e29\u5dde(\u9648\u5269\u52c7\u548c\u9a6c\u658c, 2003, 2004a, 2004b)\u548c\u70df\u53f0(Foster 2002)\u7b49\u5730\u7684\u79c1\u4eba\u5546\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u53ca\u5176\u4e0e\u201c\u515a\u56fd\u9886\u5bfc\u793e\u4f1a\u4f53\u5236\u201d\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u6d77\u5916\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u5173\u6ce8(Unger, 1996)\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c1980\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u5174\u8d77\u7684\u6c14\u529f\u7ec4\u7ec7(Chen 1995)\u3001\u6821\u53cb\u4f1a\u3001\u8001\u4e61\u4f1a(Whyte 1992)\u548c\u8001\u5e72\u90e8\u3001\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u8054\u8c0a\u3001\u60bc\u5ff5\u6d3b\u52a8\u7b49(Mazur 1999)\u6240\u8c13\u81ea\u53d1\u7684\u201c\u6c11\u95f4\u7ec4\u7ec7\u201d\uff0c\u57281990\u5e74\u4ee3\u53bb\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u7684\u6c14\u6c1b\u4e2d\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u8bb6\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u6210\u957f\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f88\u5feb\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u56fd\u5185\u5b66\u754c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u70ed\u6f6e\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c1998\u523099\u5e74\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u4e3a\u51c6\u5907\u5165\u4e16\u800c\u7b7e\u7f72\u4e86\u4e24\u9879\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u4eba\u6743\u516c\u7ea6\u540e\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u6743\u5229\u6982\u5ff5\u5f15\u5165\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6269\u5c55\u4e86\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6743\u5229\u548c\u6c11\u4e3b\u5185\u6db5\uff0c\u76f8\u5173\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u6587\u732e\u968f\u540e\u4e95\u55b7\u5f0f\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5f00\u59cb\u88ab\u5b66\u754c\u666e\u904d\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u201c\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u95e8\u201d\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4f53\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e00\u591c\u4e4b\u95f4\u5982\u96e8\u540e\u6625\u7b0b\u822c\u7684\u6210\u957f\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4e3a\u5f53\u65f6\u7406\u8bba\u754c\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u61a7\u61ac\u5f00\u8f9f\u4e86\u4e00\u6761\u65b0\u7684\u9053\u8def\uff08\u4fde\u53ef\u5e73\uff0c 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Rheingold \u57281993\u5e74\u9884\u8a00\u7684\u201c\u865a\u62df\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u201d\u3002\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6700\u521d\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5230\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u865a\u62df\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u56e0\u4e3a\u5176\u865a\u62df\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u7279\u6027\u8fd8\u5e38\u5e38\u88ab\u4eba\u6000\u7591\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e3a\u96be\u4ee5\u4e0e\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u76f8\u63d0\u5e76\u8bba\uff0c\u5145\u5176\u91cf\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u865a\u62df\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u3002\u4e0d\u5947\u602a\uff0c\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u6216\u8005\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4fdd\u5b88\u6027\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u65e0\u77e5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u8fdf\u949d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u601d\u7ef4\u4e0e\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684\u60f0\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u9762\u5bf9\u9762\u4ea4\u6d41\u6709\u9650\u3001\u975e\u9762\u5bf9\u9762\u4ea4\u6d41\u8d8b\u4e8e\u5355\u5411\u5ea6\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u91cc\u7684\u901a\u75c5\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4f20\u64ad\u6280\u672f\u521b\u9020\u7684\u5374\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u865a\u62df\u201d(real virtuality)\uff0c\u5982\u5361\u65af\u7279\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u865a\u62df\u6027\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u53ea\u662f\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u5dee\u5f02\u5316\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u201d(Castells, 1996 2000: 402)\uff0c\u8868\u8fbe\u7740\u5927\u4f17\u5bf9\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u548c\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4ea4\u5f80\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u6e34\u671b\u3002\u5f53\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6280\u672f\u53d1\u5c55\u8fdb\u5165\u4ea4\u4e92\u6027\u6781\u5f3a\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u5a92\u4f53\u4e5f\u5c31\u662fWeb 2.0\u65f6\u4ee3\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5927\u6982\u5f88\u5c11\u4eba\u518d\u6000\u7591\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u865a\u62df\u6027\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u610f\u4e49\uff1a\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u7f51\u6e38\u7fa4\u4f53\u3001QQ\u7528\u6237\u7fa4\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u8bba\u575b\u4e0a\u7684\u7f51\u53cb\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u8054\u63a5\u548c\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u90fd\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u865a\u62df\u201d\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u7740\u201c\u81ea\u6211\u53c2\u7167\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u7c7b\u522b\u5316\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u5b9a\u4e49\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u610f\u5927\u5229\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5bb6Melucci(1996:77)\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u201cidentization\u201d\u2014\u2014\u7c7b\u540c\u5316\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u57fa\u7840\u65e2\u662f\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u516c\u5171\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u548c\u4ea4\u5f80\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5f7c\u6b64\u95f4\u6700\u5927\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u8ba4\u540c\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4ee5\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u3001IT\u3001\u7231\u597d\u7b49\u8bae\u9898\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u201c\u7c7b\u540c\u5316\u201d\uff0c\u4ece\u603b\u4f53\u4e0a\u6784\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u73b0\u5b9e\u793e\u4f1a\u8ba4\u540c\u8fe5\u5f02\u7684\u201c\u7f51\u6c11\u201d(netizen)\u7fa4\u4f53\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e25\u5389\u7ba1\u5236\u5a92\u4f53\u548c\u8206\u8bba\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ece1990\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u5230\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u6700\u521d\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4ea4\u6d41\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u5e94\u7528\u5c06\u7f51\u7edc\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u5851\u9020\u6210\u4e2d\u56fd\u552f\u4e00\u6709\u6548\u7684\u516c\u5171\u8206\u8bba\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e00\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u516c\u5171\u6027\u968f\u7740\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7ba1\u5236\u7684\u52a0\u5f3a\u9010\u6e10\u524a\u5f31\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u521d\u671f\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u96f6\u5e72\u9884\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c1998\u5e74\u201c\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u5883\u754c\u201d\u7b49\u65e9\u671f\u601d\u60f3\u7c7b\u7f51\u7ad9\u5960\u5b9a\u7684\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u6587\u5316\u57fa\u8c03\u8d2f\u7a7f\u59cb\u7ec8\uff0c\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u6709\u7740\u826f\u597d\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u666e\u901a\u516c\u6c11\u5728\u8d5b\u535a\u7a7a\u95f4\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4f5c\u4e3a\u516c\u5171\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u53d1\u5730\u521b\u5efa\u5927\u91cf\u3001\u5404\u7c7b\u65f6\u653f\u6027\u3001\u601d\u60f3\u6027\u516c\u5171BBS\u8bba\u575b\uff0c\u79ef\u6781\u53c2\u4e0e\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u57281998\u52302005\u5e74\u7684\u6570\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u4ee51998\/99\u5e74\u7684\u53cd\u7f8e\u6d6a\u6f6e\u30012003\u5e74\u5b59\u5fd7\u521a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e3a\u6807\u5fd7\uff0c\u804a\u5929\u5ba4\u548c\u8bba\u575b\u7684\u6fc0\u70c8\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e0e\u8bc4\u8bba\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u65ad\u8f6c\u53d1\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u95e8\u6237\u7f51\u7ad9\u3001\u975e\u8bba\u575b\u7f51\u7ad9\u548c\u4f20\u7edf\u5a92\u4f53\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u8f6c\u53d1\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u7f51\u4e0a\u8206\u8bba\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5728\u53d7\u63a7\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u7f51\u7edc\u8206\u8bba\u7684\u5174\u8d77\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u516c\u5171\u8206\u8bba\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd(Lagerkvist 2006)\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u88ab\u52a8\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u6027\u6c11\u610f\u8c03\u67e5\u3001\u53d7\u5230\u4e25\u5389\u7ba1\u5236\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u5a92\u4f53\u4e0a\u7684\u8206\u8bba\u3001\u6216\u8005\u4f20\u7edf\u4f53\u5236\u5185\u6709\u9650\u7684\u6c11\u610f\u8868\u8fbe\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5982\u5355\u4f4d\u5185\u7684\u804c\u4ee3\u4f1a\u3001\u5e72\u90e8\u4efb\u9009\u8bc4\u4f30\u3001\u57fa\u5c42\u9009\u4e3e\u7b49\uff08\u89c1\u5510\u6587\u65b9 2005 2008\uff09\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u8206\u8bba\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u5237\u65b0\u65e0\u7591\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u7740\u5145\u5206\u5e7f\u6cdb\u6027\u3001\u5373\u65f6\u6027\u3001\u51b2\u51fb\u6027\u548c\u9010\u6e10\u5f62\u6001\u5316\u7684\u201c\u7f51\u7edc\u6c11\u610f\u201d\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f53\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e4e\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u516c\u5f00\u5316\u7684\u3001\u4e3b\u52a8\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6c11\u610f\u8868\u8fbe\u673a\u5236\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5176\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u201c\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u503e\u5411\uff0c\u6bd4\u59821999\u5e745\u67088\u65e5\u5357\u6d77\u649e\u673a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u540e\u7684\u201c\u7f51\u7edc\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u9ad8\u6da8(Li and Qin, 2001)\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u201c\u4e2d\u5171\u4e27\u5931\u4e86\u5bf9\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e3b\u4e49\u8bdd\u8bed\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u9738\u6743\u201d (Cries 2004)\uff0c\u4e0e\u603b\u4f53\u4e0a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u201c\u7f51\u7edc\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5174\u8d77\u201d\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30(Yang 2003)\u5e76\u4e0d\u77db\u76fe\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c2006\u5e74\u540eWeb 2.0\u6280\u672f\u7684\u9010\u6e10\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u89c6\u9891\u3001\u4e2a\u4eba\u535a\u5ba2\u548c\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u6d8c\u73b0\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f2008\u5317\u4eac\u5965\u8fd0\u4f1a\u540e\u63a8\u7279\u548c\u65b0\u6d6a\u5fae\u535a\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u201c\u7f51\u7edc\u6c11\u610f\u201d\u6108\u76ca\u6c79\u6d8c\uff0c\u5145\u65a5\u7740\u5404\u7c7b\u5730\u65b9\u6027\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u516c\u5171\u8bae\u7a0b\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u8206\u8bba\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u5a92\u4f53\u5373\u5faa\u8ff9\u800c\u81f3\uff0c\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5de6\u53f3\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u5a92\u4f53\u8bdd\u8bed\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u7fa4\u4f53\u6027\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u5982\u74ee\u5b89\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3001\u77f3\u9996\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3001\u4fdd\u5b9a\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/space\/%E6%88%91%E7%88%B8%E6%98%AF%E6%9D%8E%E5%88%9A\" 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2009)\uff0c\u66f4\u53d1\u5c55\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6781\u5bcc\u73b0\u5b9e\u51b2\u51fb\u529b\u7684\u7ebf\u4e0b\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u5982\u5728\u573a\u62a5\u9053\u3001\u5b9e\u5730\u8c03\u67e5\u3001\u516c\u6c11\u8bb0\u8005\u3001\u8bb0\u5f55\u62cd\u6444\u7b49\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u5404\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u5a92\u4f53\u968f\u65f6\u4e0e\u7f51\u7edc\u516c\u4f17\u4fdd\u6301\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u89c6\u9891\u548c\u97f3\u9891\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea4\u4e92\u5a92\u4f53\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u5316\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u793e\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u4ee5\u7f51\u7edc\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u201c\u53bb\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u201d\u5f7b\u5e95\u6539\u9020\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5f97\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6709\u610f\u4fdd\u6301\u53bb\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u59ff\u6001\u7684NGO\u4ece\u4e00\u5ea6\u7684\u793e\u8fd0\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6ca6\u4e3a\u793e\u8fd0\u7684\u8fb9\u7f18\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c2008\u5e74\u74ee\u5b89\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u8bb0\u8005\u4f50\u62c9\uff08\u5468\u66d9\u5149\uff09\u7b2c\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u6df1\u5165\u74ee\u5b89\u73b0\u573a\u5e76\u5728\u4e2a\u4eba\u535a\u5ba2\u548c\u76f8\u518c\u4e0a\u53d1\u5e03\u89c1\u95fb\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u5916\u754c\u4e86\u89e3\u4e8b\u4ef6\u771f\u76f8\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u624b\u6750\u6599\uff1b2009\u5e74\u6c76\u5ddd\u5730\u9707\u540e\uff0c\u8457\u540d\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u827e\u672a\u672a\u4eb2\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8d74\u5ddd\u67e5\u627e\u3001\u6574\u7406\u9047\u96be\u513f\u7ae5\u540d\u5f55\uff0c\u5e76\u6309\u751f\u65e5\u9010\u65e5\u516c\u5e03\u63a8\u7279\u4e0a\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u4e86\u516c\u4f17\u5bf9\u6c76\u5ddd\u5730\u9707\u9047\u96be\u8005\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u5173\u6ce8\uff1b\u57282009\u5e74<a href=\"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/space\/%E9%82%93%E7%8E%89%E5%A8%87%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6\" target=\"_blank\">\u9093\u7389\u5a07\u4e8b\u4ef6<\/a>\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f51\u53cb\u5c60\u592b\uff08\u5434\u6de6\uff09\u53ea\u8eab\u95ef\u8fc7\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u8bbe\u7acb\u7684\u9694\u79bb\u7ebf\uff0c\u4e5f\u907f\u5f00\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u5a92\u4f53\u6240\u53d7\u7684\u62a5\u9053\u7981\u4ee4\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u5b9e\u65f6\u63a2\u8bbf\u5230\u9093\u7389\u5a07\u672c\u4eba\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u53cd\u54cd\uff0c\u4e3a\u9093\u7389\u5a07\u672c\u4eba\u7684\u65e0\u7f6a\u5316\u5224\u51b3\u8d77\u5230\u5173\u952e\u4f5c\u7528\uff1b\u57282010\u5e74\u5e7f\u5dde\u756a\u79ba\u5783\u573e\u5904\u7406\u5382\u6297\u8bae\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f51\u53cb\u5317\u98ce\uff08\u6e29\u4e91\u8d85\uff09\u5728\u6297\u8bae\u73b0\u573a\u4e0e\u63a8\u7279\u7f51\u53cb\u7684\u53ca\u65f6\u4e92\u52a8\u3002\u5982\u6b64\u79cd\u79cd\u653f\u6cbb\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u5355\u7eaf\u662f\u7f51\u4e0a\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u800c\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u7ed3\u5408\u4e86\u7f51\u4e0a\u4e0e\u7f51\u4e0b\u7684\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5728\u4ee5\u793e\u4f1a\u76d1\u63a7\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u201c\u4e0d\u5728\u573a\u653f\u6cbb\u201d\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u4f9d\u9760Web 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et al., 2001: 7-8)\u53ef\u80fd\u5e76\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u72b6\u51b5\uff0c\u96be\u4ee5\u5ef6\u7eed\u201c\u89c4\u5219\u9075\u5b88\u201d(rule-making)\u4e0e\u201c\u89c4\u5219\u7834\u574f\u201d(rule-breaking)\u7684\u793e\u8fd0\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u9075\u5b88\u65e2\u6709\u89c4\u5219\u5e76\u4e0d\u6784\u6210\u793e\u8fd0\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u53ca\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fc7\u53bb\u5341\u6570\u5e74\u6765\u9010\u6e10\u6210\u957f\u3001\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u58f0\u52bf\u6d69\u5927\u7684\u7ef4\u6743\u8fd0\u52a8\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5176\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u201c\u5438\u7eb3\u7a7a\u95f4\u201d\u6781\u5176\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4ecb\u5165\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u5448\u73b0\u4e3a\u201c\u903e\u8d8a\u578b\u6297\u4e89\u201d\u7684\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5e7f\u6cdb\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u6297\u4e89\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7f51\u7edc\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u53c2\u4e0e\u662f\u5728\u672a\u83b7\u5f97\u5e73\u7b49\u53c2\u4e0e\u6743\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u7684\u81ea\u53d1\u6784\u5efa\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u521b\u65b0\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u5f3a\u7684\u53cd\u5a01\u6743\u6027\u8d28\u3002\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0e\u7f51\u7edc\u76d1\u7ba1\u673a\u6784\u5df2\u7ecf\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u6c11\u610f\u6240\u5185\u542b\u7684\u8349\u6839\uff08\u57fa\u5c42\uff09\u6b63\u4e49\u8bc9\u6c42\u76f4\u63a5\u6311\u6218\u73b0\u6709\u6cbb\u7406\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u7edf\u6cbb\u653f\u6743\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5206\u79bb\u3001\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6210\u957f\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5bf9\u7ba1\u6cbb\u672c\u8eab\u800c\u975e\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd\u4e3b\u4f53\u5e76\u4e0d\u9650\u4e8e\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u6216\u8005\u5177\u4f53\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u57fa\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u6297\u4e89\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u516c\u5171\u6027\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u8fdc\u8fdc\u8d85\u51fa\u5730\u65b9\u751a\u81f3\u56fd\u571f\u7586\u754c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u5404\u7ea7\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u3001\u5404\u653f\u5e9c\u90e8\u95e8\u90fd\u8bd5\u56fe\u4e3b\u52a8\u5360\u9886\u6216\u8005\u63a7\u5236\u7f51\u7edc\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u79ef\u6781\u5e72\u9884\u7f51\u7edc\u8206\u8bba\u7684\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u76d1\u63a7\u7f51\u4e0b\u7ed3\u793e\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u8c0b\u6c42\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u7684\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7ba1\u7406\u521b\u65b0\uff0c\u9632\u8303\u201c\u989c\u8272\u9769\u547d\u201d\u4ece\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7a7a\u95f4\u7206\u53d1\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u7ba1\u6cbb\u5f53\u5c40\u8bd5\u56fe\u4ece\u5f3a\u5316\u5bf9\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\u5165\u624b\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\u5185\u5bb9\u5ba1\u67e5\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u5b9e\u65f6\u64cd\u7eb5\u95e8\u6237\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u8bae\u9898\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u76d1\u63a7\u7740\u6240\u6709\u5883\u5185\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u8a00\u8bba\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f42008\u5e74\u540e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5883\u5185\u7f51\u7ad9\u6570\u91cf\u5f00\u59cb\u5927\u5e45\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u8fd12009\u5e74\u4e00\u5e74\u5c31\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86132\u4e07\u4e2a\uff0c\u5e74\u964d\u5e4541%(CNNIC, 2011\/1\/19)\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u515a\u56fd\u4f53\u5236\u4e5f\u5728\u8bd5\u56fe\u79ef\u6781\u5730\u5e94\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\uff0c\u91c7\u53d6\u4e3b\u52a8\u624b\u6bb5\u5360\u9886\u8d5b\u535a\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\uff0c\u9664\u4e8621\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u5168\u9762\u6253\u9020\u201ce-government\u201d\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u91cd\u89c6\u5229\u7528Web 2.0\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u653f\u5e9c\u5fae\u535a\uff0c\u4e3b\u52a8\u5f00\u8f9f\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7a7a\u95f4\u5185\u516c\u6c11\u53c2\u4e0e\u5bf9\u8bdd\u7684\u65b0\u6e20\u9053\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u5c06\u7f51\u7edc\u8206\u8bba\u4e0e\u4ea4\u6d41\u7eb3\u5165\u5b98\u65b9\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd\u673a\u5236\u548c\u8bdd\u8bed\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u52aa\u529b\u201c\u6392\u6324\u201d\u81ea\u53d1\u6027\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u624b\u6cd5\u4e0e\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u521b\u5efa\u5b98\u65b9\u8d44\u52a9\u7684\u793e\u56e2(GONGO)\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\u4ee5\u81f4\u4e8e\uff0c\u4ece2003\u5e74\u5b59\u5fd7\u521a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u89e6\u53d1\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u5e9f\u6b62\u201c\u6536\u5bb9\u5ba1\u67e5\u6761\u4f8b\u201d\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u6c11\u610f\u4e0e\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ea\u80fd\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u9690\u5f62\u5bf9\u8bdd\uff0c\u5e76\u65e0\u5b9e\u8d28\u6027\u6216\u5efa\u8bbe\u6027\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6-\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u660e\u663e\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u5341\u5e74\u6765\u9010\u6e10\u6210\u957f\u3001\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u58f0\u52bf\u6d69\u5927\u7684\u7ef4\u6743\u8fd0\u52a8\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u7ba1\u6cbb\u5f53\u5c40\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u6392\u6324\u5f0f\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7ba1\u7406\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5982\u540c\u65e9\u5148NGO\u6240\u5021\u5bfc\u7684\u201c\u7ef4\u6743\u201d\u3001\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u670d\u52a1\u201d\u3001\u201c\u5fd7\u613f\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u7b49\u793e\u4f1a\u4ecb\u5165\u65b9\u5f0f\u88ab\u5f53\u5c40\u5438\u7eb3\uff0c\u5148\u540e\u7531\u515a\u653f\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u5efa\u7acb\u591a\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u6027\u201c\u519c\u6c11\u5de5\u7ef4\u6743\u201d\u3001\u201c\u5987\u5973\u7ef4\u6743\u201d\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u9f13\u52b1\u5efa\u7acb\u793e\u533a\u201c\u975e\u8425\u5229\u793e\u4f1a\u5355\u4f4d\u201d\uff0c\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u5965\u8fd0\u4f1a\u671f\u95f4\u901a\u8fc7\u5171\u9752\u56e2\u52a8\u5458\u8d77\u5927\u6279\u201c\u5fd7\u613f\u9752\u5e74\u201d\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u5373\u54c8\u8d1d\u9a6c\u65af\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5316\u201d\u6216\u201c\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5316\u201d\uff08\u54c8\u8d1d\u9a6c\u65af 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