{"id":546899,"date":"2016-12-17T15:56:00","date_gmt":"2016-12-17T23:56:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/?p=546899"},"modified":"2016-12-17T15:58:46","modified_gmt":"2016-12-17T23:58:46","slug":"%e5%bc%82%e5%8f%b2%e6%b0%8f%e6%9b%b0-%e7%ab%af%e6%9c%a8%e5%bc%82%ef%bc%9a%e4%b8%ba%e4%bb%80%e4%b9%88%e8%af%b4%e6%89%93%e5%9b%9e%e5%8e%bb%e6%98%af%e4%b8%80%e7%a7%8d%e7%b3%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/546899.html","title":{"rendered":"\u5f02\u53f2\u6c0f\u66f0 | 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\u201c\u6253\u56de\u53bb\u201d\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u5355\u4e00\u5316 vs \u6821\u56ed\u9738\u51cc\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u591a\u6837\u5316<\/strong><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>\u53cd\u51fb\u9738\u51cc\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u70ed\u8840\u6f2b\u91cc\u80f3\u818a\u4e00\u7529\u3001\u5e72\u4e0a\u4e00\u67b6\u8fd9\u4e48\u7b80\u5355\u3002\u7684\u786e\uff0c\u5728\u5076\u7136\u7684\u3001\u5355\u6b21\u7684\u80a2\u4f53\u51b2\u649e\u4e2d\uff0c\u529b\u91cf\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e0d\u662f\u8fc7\u4e8e\u60ac\u6b8a\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u201c\u6253\u56de\u53bb\u201d\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684\u3002\u6211\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u6587\u732e\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u5728\u6781\u7aef\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u66b4\u529b\u884c\u4e3a\u6bd4\u5982\u5f3a\u5978\u65f6\uff0c\u6bd4\u8d77\u6c42\u9976\u3001\u987a\u4ece\u548c\u8bf4\u7406\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u62b5\u6297\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u66b4\u529b\u7684\u8fd8\u662f\u975e\u66b4\u529b\u7684\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff08Jongyeon Tark &amp; Gary Kleck, 2014\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c<strong>\u6821\u56ed\u9738\u51cc\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u4f1a\u50cf\u9762\u5bf9\u5f3a\u5978\u3001\u62a2\u52ab\u3001\u6597\u6bb4\u8fd9\u6837\u6781\u7aef\u548c\u66b4\u623e\u3002<\/strong>\u9738\u51cc\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4eba\u9645\u4e4b\u95f4\u9690\u853d\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5728\u5b66\u6821\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\uff0c\u5374\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u6821\u56ed\u66b4\u529b\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u5b66\u6821\u8bdd\u9898\u91cc\u5f88\u5c11\u4f1a\u88ab\u5f53\u56de\u4e8b\u6765\u8ba8\u8bba\u548c\u8c08\u8d77(Besag, 1989; Katz, 1995; Stein, 1999\uff09\u3002<img decoding=\"async\" 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class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u25c6\u6211\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u62ff\u51fa\u6587\u732e\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u9762\u5bf9\u5f3a\u5978\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u91cd\u5ea6\u8eab\u4f53\u66b4\u529b\u884c\u4e3a\uff08\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5355\u6b21\u3001\u5076\u7136\u7684\uff09\uff0c\u53cd\u6297\u8005\u6bd4\u987a\u4ece\u8005\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u8d70\u51fa\u9634\u5f71\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u6b63\u8f68\u4e0a\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6821\u56ed\u9738\u51cc\u5f88\u5c11\u5f88\u5c11\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u6210\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e00\u822c\u96be\u4ee5\u8bc9\u8bf8\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3002<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\u4ece1970\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u632a\u5a01\u6700\u65e9\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u9738\u51cc\u7814\u7a76\uff08Olweus, 1978\uff09\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u9738\u51cc\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u5728\u8fd9\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u6765\u88ab\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u4e30\u5bcc\u548c\u6269\u5145\uff08Smith, Cowie, Olafsson, &amp; Liefooghe,2002\uff1bSmith et al.,2002\uff0c\u5bf9\u6b64\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u603b\u7ed3)\uff0c\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u9738\u51cc\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u4f46\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u8eab\u4f53\u653b\u51fb\uff08physical bully\/ agression\uff09\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u653b\u51fb\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u53d6\u5192\u72af\u6027\u7684\u5916\u53f7\u548c\u8bf4\u574f\u8bdd\uff09\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u95f4\u63a5\u6027\u7684\u201c\u8f6f\u66b4\u529b\u201d\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u662f\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u9738\u51cc\uff08relational bully\/ aggression\uff09\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6392\u6324\u3001\u6c61\u8511\u3001\u9020\u8c23\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u542c\u8d77\u6765\u50cf\u662f\u5728\u63cf\u8ff0\u65e5\u5e38\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5c0f\u5b69\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u6709\u5404\u79cd\u5410\u69fd\u6253\u95f9\uff0c\u5c0f\u4f19\u4f34\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e5f\u6709\u76f8\u4e92\u7684\u63f6\u63c4\u548c\u56bc\u820c\u5934\u3002\u5076\u5c14\u7684\u4e89\u5435\u548c\u4e24\u4e2a\u52bf\u5747\u529b\u654c\u7684\u5c0f\u5b69\u6253\u67b6\u6597\u6bb4\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u89c6\u4e3a\u662f\u9738\u51cc\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u620f\u5f04\uff08teasing\uff09\uff0c\u6253\u6597\uff08fighting\uff09\u548c\u9738\u51cc\uff08bulling\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u597d\u50cf\u4f3c\u662f\u800c\u975e\u3002\u5982\u4f55\u533a\u5206\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>Dan Olweus\u535a\u58eb\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u9738\u51cc\u7684\u4e09\u79cd\u660e\u663e\u533a\u522b\u7279\u5f81\uff1a1\uff09\u91cd\u590d\u591a\u6b21\uff0c\u5b9a\u671f\u53d1\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5076\u4e00\u4e3a\u4e4b\uff1b2)\u4e0d\u60c5\u4e0d\u613f\uff08unwanted\uff09\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f7c\u6b64\u90fd\u89c9\u5f97\u597d\u73a9\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u67d0\u4e00\u65b9\u88ab\u5f3a\u52a0\u548c\u88ab\u8feb\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u5e76\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u4f24\u5bb3\u6027\u7684\u610f\u56fe\uff1b3\uff09\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u6743\u529b\/\u529b\u91cf\u4e0d\u5bf9\u7b49\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b(\u6bd4\u5982\u5927\u5b69\u5b50\u9488\u5bf9\u6bd4\u81ea\u5df1\u5c0f\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u591a\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5b69\u9488\u5bf9\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u6709\u793e\u4f1a\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u5c0f\u5b69\u9488\u5bf9\u5f31\u52bf\u7684\u5c0f\u5b69\uff09\uff0c\u53d7\u5bb3\u7684\u5c0f\u5b69\u53d1\u73b0\u81ea\u5df1\u96be\u4ee5\u62db\u67b6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u906d\u9047\u9738\u51cc\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u884c\u4e3a\uff08victimization\uff09\uff0c\u5982\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u906d\u9047\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u8a00\u8bed\u8fb1\u9a82\u548c\u8eab\u4f53\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u95f4\u63a5\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u56db\u5904\u53bb\u7f16\u6392\u6c61\u8511\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u4e2a\u4eba\u7269\u54c1\u548c\u8d22\u4ea7\u88ab\u52d2\u7d22\u6216\u906d\u53d7\u635f\u5bb3\u3002\u95f4\u63a5\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5f80\u5f80\u6bd4\u76f4\u63a5\u5f62\u5f0f\u4f24\u5bb3\u503c\u66f4\u5927\uff08Pellegrini, 1996\uff09\u3002\u968f\u7740\u5e74\u9f84\u7684\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u9738\u51cc\u4f1a\u9010\u6e10\u51cf\u5c11\u3002<strong>\u201c\u5c0f\u5b69\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6253\u95f9\uff0c\u957f\u5927\u5c31\u597d\u4e86\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u9738\u51cc\u884c\u4e3a\u6162\u6162\u5730\u53d8\u5f97\u4e0d\u90a3\u4e48\u9732\u9aa8\u4e86\u800c\u5df2\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_546901\" style=\"width: 582px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-546901\" class=\"size-full wp-image-546901\" src=\"http:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/files\/2016\/12\/Screen-Shot-2016-12-17-at-\u4e0b\u53483.47.10.png\" alt=\"\u25c6\u54c6\u5566a\u68a6\u91cc\u7684\u5927\u96c4\uff08\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\uff09\u548c\u80d6\u864e\uff08\u9738\u51cc\u8005\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fd9\u79cd\u66b4\u529b\u884c\u4e3a\uff08\u4e00\u5bf9\u4e00\u3001\u91cd\u5ea6\u8eab\u4f53\u9738\u51cc\u3001\u76f4\u63a5\u9738\u51cc\u5f62\u5f0f\uff09\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u53ea\u662f\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u6821\u56ed\u9738\u51cc\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u3002\" width=\"572\" height=\"181\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/files\/2016\/12\/Screen-Shot-2016-12-17-at-\u4e0b\u53483.47.10.png 572w, https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/files\/2016\/12\/Screen-Shot-2016-12-17-at-\u4e0b\u53483.47.10-300x95.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 572px) 100vw, 572px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-546901\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u25c6\u54c6\u5566a\u68a6\u91cc\u7684\u5927\u96c4\uff08\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\uff09\u548c\u80d6\u864e\uff08\u9738\u51cc\u8005\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fd9\u79cd\u66b4\u529b\u884c\u4e3a\uff08\u4e00\u5bf9\u4e00\u3001\u91cd\u5ea6\u8eab\u4f53\u9738\u51cc\u3001\u76f4\u63a5\u9738\u51cc\u5f62\u5f0f\uff09\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u53ea\u662f\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u6821\u56ed\u9738\u51cc\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\u201c\u6253\u56de\u53bb\u201d\u7684\u5355\u4e00\u7b56\u7565\u5728\u9762\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u9738\u51cc\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u662f\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f1a\u5931\u7075\u7684\u3002\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u662f\u6253\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fd8\u624b\u3002\u8fb1\u9a82\u3001\u7f16\u6392\u3001\u56db\u5904\u6563\u5e03\u4f60\u7684\u6076\u610f\u8c23\u8a00\uff0c\u4f60\u4f1a\u6253\u56de\u53bb\u5417\uff1f\u4e5f\u8bb8\u53ef\u4ee5\u3002\u4f46\u968f\u7740\u7f51\u7edc\u9738\u51cc\uff08cyberbully\uff09\u5728\u6821\u56ed\u9738\u51cc\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u591a\uff0c\u8eb2\u5728\u533f\u540d\u8d26\u53f7\u540e\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u4eba\u8eab\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u8981\u600e\u4e48\u6253\u56de\u53bb\u5462\uff1f\u591a\u4eba\u9488\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5b69\u8fdb\u884c\u8fb1\u9a82\u3001\u5632\u8bbd\u548c\u6c61\u540d\u5316\uff0c\u4f60\u80fd\u9760\u6253\u56de\u53bb\u89e3\u51b3\u5417\uff1f\u53d1\u73b0\u4f60\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u88ab\u6254\u8fdb\u4e86\u5783\u573e\u6876\uff0c\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u4f60\u8981\u4ece\u7ecf\u5e38\u9738\u51cc\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4eba\u91cc\uff0c\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u53d6\u4e00\u540d\u6253\u56de\u53bb\u5417\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u7ad9\u5728\u5c0f\u5b69\u5b50\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u201c\u8c01\u5148\u52a8\u624b\u201d\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u5b98\u65b9\u88c1\u65ad\u9738\u51cc\u8005\u548c\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u7684\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u65e0\u8bba\u591a\u4e48\u6709\u7406\uff0c\u88c1\u65ad\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5c31\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u201c\u6253\u4eba\u603b\u662f\u4e0d\u5bf9\u7684\u201d\u3002\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u66f4\u4e3a\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u8f6f\u66b4\u529b\u548c\u95f4\u63a5\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u9738\u51cc\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u6253\u56de\u53bb\u201d\u53cd\u800c\u4f1a\u8ba9\u53d7\u5bb3\u5c0f\u5b69\u66f4\u52a0\u88ab\u8fb9\u7f18\u5316\u548c\u906d\u5230\u6b67\u89c6\u3001\u6392\u65a5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7ad9\u5728\u6559\u80b2\u8005\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5e94\u5bf9\u9738\u51cc\u6311\u8845\u65f6\u7684\u56de\u5e94\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u89e3\u8bfb\u9738\u51cc\u8005\u7684\u610f\u56fe\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u5408\u9002\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u8ba9\u4e8b\u6001\u7f13\u548c\u5e76\u4ee5\u548c\u5e73\u65b9\u5f0f\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u793e\u4ea4\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\uff08problem-solving\uff09\uff0c<strong>\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8bad\u7ec3\u548c\u63d0\u9ad8\u7684<\/strong>\uff08\u4e0b\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4f1a\u8bb2\uff0c\u957f\u671f\u53d7\u9738\u51cc\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u5757\u662f\u6b20\u7f3a\u7684\uff09\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u559c\u6b22\u795e\u79d8\u5316\u7684\u201c\u60c5\u5546\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u6253\u56de\u53bb\u201d\uff0c\u65e0\u52a9\u4e8e\u57f9\u517b\u5b69\u5b50\u5904\u7406\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u4e89\u7aef\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u800c\u5f53\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5b69\u90fd\u88ab\u6559\u80b2\u8981\u201c\u6253\u56de\u53bb\u201d\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u662f\u5728\u6076\u5316\u5b69\u5b50\u6240\u5728\u7684\u6821\u56ed\u73af\u5883\u3002\u6362\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c<strong>\u201c\u6253\u56de\u53bb\u201d\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u5236\u9020\u9738\u51cc\u7684\u6c1b\u56f4<\/strong>\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5f88\u591a\u975e\u66b4\u529b\u7684\u4e89\u7aef\u76f4\u63a5\u5347\u7ea7\u6210\u66b4\u529b\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5c0f\u5b69\u5b50\u5e38\u5e38\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bc4\u4f30\u884c\u4e3a\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u540e\u679c\uff08\u201c\u4e0b\u624b\u6ca1\u6df1\u6d45\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u8fd8\u51fb\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5e26\u6765\u76f8\u5f53\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u4f24\u5bb3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>b\uff09\u6821\u56ed\u9738\u51cc\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u201c\u6253\u56de\u53bb\u201d\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u6ca1\u7528<\/strong><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_546902\" style=\"width: 277px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-546902\" class=\"size-full wp-image-546902\" src=\"http:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/files\/2016\/12\/Screen-Shot-2016-12-17-at-\u4e0b\u53483.47.50.png\" alt=\"\u25c6 \u56e0\u4e3a\u80fd\u7528\u201c\u6253\u56de\u53bb\u201d\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u3002 \" width=\"267\" height=\"148\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-546902\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u25c6 \u56e0\u4e3a\u80fd\u7528\u201c\u6253\u56de\u53bb\u201d\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u3002<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\u7406\u89e3\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u5904\u7406\u9738\u51cc\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u662f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u867d\u7136<strong>\u906d\u9047\u9738\u51cc\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u9700\u8981\u4ec0\u4e48\u7406\u7531<\/strong>\uff08Batsche&amp;Knoff, 1994\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u9762\u5bf9\u5404\u79cd\u6d88\u6781\u8bc4\u4ef7\uff0c\u957f\u671f\u9738\u51cc\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\uff0c\u548c\u6ca1\u6709\u906d\u9047\u8fc7\u9738\u51cc\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u786e\u5b9e\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u6027\u683c\u7279\u8d28\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4eec\u51e0\u4e4e\u90fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u957f\u671f\u9738\u51cc\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u81f4\u5206\u6210\u4e24\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u8f83\u4e3a\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u88ab\u52a8\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ece\u4e0d\u8fd8\u624b\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u300a\u54c6\u5566a\u68a6\u300b\u7684\u7537\u4e3b\u89d2\u91ce\u6bd4\u5927\u96c4\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u4f20\u7edf\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7684\u5178\u578b\u9738\u51cc\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u5f62\u8c61\uff1a\u9006\u6765\u987a\u53d7\uff0c\u81ea\u5c0a\u5fc3\u5f31\uff0c\u7ecf\u5e38\u9000\u7f29\uff0c\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u9488\u5bf9\uff0c\u5374\u53c8\u6beb\u65e0\u8fd8\u624b\u62a5\u590d\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u88ab\u9738\u51cc\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u7c7b\u578b\u6bd4\u4f8b\u8981\u5c11\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u4f1a\u9009\u62e9\u201c\u6253\u56de\u53bb\u201d\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u662f\u6311\u8845\u578b\/\u653b\u51fb\u578b\uff08Agreesive\/Provocative victim\uff09\u3002<strong>\u4ed6\u4eec\u540c\u65f6\u662f\u9738\u51cc\u8005\u548c\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005<\/strong>\u3002\u65e9\u5728\u4e0a\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e03\u516b\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0cDan Olweus\u7b49\u5b66\u8005\u5c31\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6559\u5e08\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u66b4\u8e81\u6613\u6012\uff0c\u653b\u51fb\u6027\u5f3a\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f1a\u7528\u4e0d\u6070\u5f53\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6fc0\u6012\u4ed6\u4eba\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u53d8\u6210\u88ab\u9738\u51cc\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f1a\u8fd8\u51fb\u9738\u51cc\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6700\u7ec8\u4ee5\u5931\u8d25\u544a\u7ec8\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u662f\u201c\u65e0\u6548\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u201d\uff08ineffectual aggressor\uff09\uff08Perry, 1992\uff09\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u9738\u51cc\u8005\u5012\u5e38\u5e38\u662f\u201c\u6709\u6548\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u5927\u6982\u5e76\u4e0d\u96be\u7406\u89e3\u3002<strong>\u4e24\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6821\u56ed\u9738\u51cc\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u6765\u5904\u7406\u597d\u9738\u51cc\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u8d70\u5411\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u6781\u7aef\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u524d\u4e00\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u4ece\u4e0d\u8fd8\u624b\u201d\u7684\u6d88\u6781\u578b\u53d7\u5bb3\u5b69\u5b50\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u6253\u56de\u53bb\uff1f\u56e0\u4e3a\u80fd\u6253\u56de\u53bb\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u9738\u51cc\u4e86\u5440\u3002\u8fd9\u50cf\u662f\u4e2a\u9e21\u751f\u86cb\u8fd8\u662f\u86cb\u751f\u9e21\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5728\u6700\u7ec8\u8fd8\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fd8\u624b\u3001\u6216\u8005\u8fd8\u624b\u5931\u8d25\u540e\uff0c\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u9677\u5165\u6cae\u4e27\u548c\u65e0\u529b\u611f\u3002\u5c1d\u8bd5\u201c\u6253\u56de\u53bb\u201d\u5931\u8d25\u540e\u7684\u632b\u6298\u611f\uff0c<strong>\u5e38\u5e38\u4f1a\u8f6c\u79fb\u5bf9\u9738\u51cc\u8005\u5e94\u6709\u7684\u8d23\u5907\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u81ea\u6211\u8d23\u5907\u548c\u5426\u5b9a<\/strong>\u3002\u9f13\u52b1\u201c\u6253\u56de\u53bb\u5c31\u884c\u4e86\u201d\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\uff0c\u8fd8\u5305\u542b\u7740\u4e00\u79cd<strong>\u8d23\u5907\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005<\/strong>\u7684\u610f\u5473\uff1a\u4f60\u6002\uff0c\u4f60\u6253\u4e0d\u56de\u53bb\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4f60\u6d3b\u8be5\u88ab\u6b3a\u8d1f\u3002\u660e\u660e\u201c\u6253\u56de\u53bb\u5c31\u884c\u4e86\u201d\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u90a3\u4e48\u591a\u4eba\uff0c\u5c31\u9738\u51cc\u4f60\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u540e\u4e00\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u65e0\u6548\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u201d\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c<strong>\u201c\u8fdb\u653b\u662f\u6700\u597d\u7684\u9632\u5b88\u201d\u4ee5\u53ca\u201c\u6253\u56de\u53bb\u201d\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u53ea\u4f1a\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u7cdf<\/strong>\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bb9\u6613\u53cd\u5e94\u8fc7\u5934\uff0c\u628a\u4e00\u4e9b\u542b\u6df7\u4e0d\u6e05\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u89e3\u8bfb\u6210\u6311\u8845\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8bef\u89e3\u4e86\u4fe1\u606f\u5305\u542b\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff08\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b66\u672f\u4e0a\u88ab\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u654c\u610f\u6027\u5f52\u56e0\u504f\u5dee\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u53c8\u4e0d\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u5730\u8fd0\u7528\u653b\u51fb\u548c\u91c7\u53d6\u6b63\u5f53\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0a\u66f4\u591a\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u672c\u80fd\u7684\u5931\u63a7\u548c\u51b2\u52a8\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u6bd4\u8d77\u4ece\u4e0d\u8fd8\u624b\u7684\u6d88\u6781\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\uff0c\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u53d8\u6210\u957f\u671f\u9738\u51cc\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\uff08Catherine Dulmus, Karen Sowers, Matthew Theriot, 2006\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\u6bd4\u4e00\u822c\u5c0f\u5b69\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u6ce2\u52a8\uff0c\u4f1a\u4e0d\u65ad\u6076\u5316\u548c\u5347\u7ea7\u906d\u9047\u9738\u51cc\u7684\u72b6\u51b5\uff0c\u62db\u81f4\u62a5\u590d\u5e76\u5f80\u590d\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u77eb\u6b63\u8bad\u7ec3\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u6a21\u62df\u5982\u4f55\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u5904\u7406\u793e\u4ea4\u573a\u666f\uff09\u548c\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u8f85\u5bfc\uff0c\u624d\u662f<strong>\u66f4\u6709\u6548<\/strong>\u7684\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6362\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u6253\u56de\u53bb\u201d\u7684\u6821\u56ed\u53cd\u9738\u51cc\u8bdd\u8bed\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9738\u51cc\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u957f\u671f\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\uff0c\u5012\u66f4\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4f24\u5bb3\uff0c<strong>\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u6216\u8005\u6839\u672c\u6253\u4e0d\u51fa\u62f3\u5934\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u53ea\u662f\u53cd\u5e94\u8fc7\u6fc0\u7684\u65e0\u6548\u653b\u51fb\u8005<\/strong>\u3002\u4ee5\u201c\u6253\u56de\u53bb\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7b56\u7565\u8ba9\u5c0f\u5b69\u5b50\u81ea\u884c\u5316\u89e3\u9738\u51cc\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u8d1f\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u3002\u6821\u56ed\u9738\u51cc\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u6307\u671b\u9760\u5c0f\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u6765\u5904\u7406\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u662f\u65e0\u89e3\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>c\uff09\u6821\u56ed\u9738\u51cc\u7684\u65c1\u89c2\u8005\uff1a\u7ad9\u5728\u906d\u9047\u9738\u51cc\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u8fb9<\/strong><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>\u65e5\u672c\u5f8b\u653f\u5267\u300aLegal High\u300b\u91cc\uff0c\u7537\u732a\u811a\u53e4\u7f8e\u95e8\u5f8b\u5e08\u6709\u4e2a\u5728\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u4f20\u75af\u4e86\u7684\u91d1\u53e5\u2014\u2014\u201c\u9738\u51cc\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6c1b\u56f4\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u5e76\u4e0d\u7cbe\u786e\uff0c\u4f46\u786e\u5b9e\u6233\u4e2d\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u9738\u51cc\u884c\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u5173\u952e\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u6821\u56ed\u9738\u51cc\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5148\u9a71Dan Olweus\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u57281993\u5e74\u8bd5\u56fe\u6307\u51fa\u9738\u51cc\u884c\u4e3a\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u51e0\u79cd\u7fa4\u4f53\u673a\u5236\u65f6\u8bf4\u7684\u8bdd\uff1a\u201c<strong>\u9738\u51cc\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7fa4\u4f53\u73b0\u8c61\u3002<\/strong>\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u592a\u591a\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u8005\u70ed\u8877\u4e8e\u8c08\u8bba\u9738\u51cc\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u7279\u8d28\uff08\u4f4e\u81ea\u5c0a\u3001\u5185\u5411\u3001\u65e0\u81ea\u4fe1\u3001\u9000\u7f29\u3001\u987a\u4ece\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9738\u51cc\u8005\u7684\u9ad8\u81ea\u5c0a\u3001\u83ab\u540d\u4f18\u8d8a\u611f\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u7279\u8d28\u548c\u53cd\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u72af\u7f6a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5f52\u6839\u7ed3\u5e95\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89d2\u8272\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u7279\u8d28\u548c\u7fa4\u4f53\u7279\u5f81\u5171\u540c\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u644a\u5f00\u4e86\u8bf4\u5c31\u662f\uff0c<strong>\u4e2a\u4f53\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u4e00\u5458\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u662f\u7531\u7fa4\u4f53\u6210\u5458\u7684\u9700\u8981\u548c\u671f\u671b\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u3002<\/strong>\u7b26\u5408\u7fa4\u4f53\u9884\u671f\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4f1a\u88ab\u5956\u52b1\uff0c\u548c\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e3b\u89c2\u6807\u51c6\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4f1a\u88ab\u60e9\u7f5a\u3002\uff08\u738b\u4e2d\u6770\uff0c\u5218\u534e\u5c71\uff0c2004\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u6821\u56ed\u66b4\u529b\u533a\u522b\u4e8e\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u66b4\u529b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u663e\u8457\u7279\u5f81\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5b66\u6821\u91cc\u6709\u66b4\u529b\u884c\u4e3a\u53d1\u751f\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u6709\u65c1\u89c2\u8005\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5bf9\u5c0f\u5b66\u751f\u9738\u51cc\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c85%\u7684\u9738\u51cc\u884c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u4e00\u540d\u540c\u4f34\u5728\u573a\uff0c\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e2d\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u6216\u8005\u66f4\u591a\u540c\u4f34\u5728\u573a\uff08O&#8217; Connell, 1999)\u300292%\u7684\u4e2d\u5b66\u751f\u548c97%\u7684\u5c0f\u5b66\u751f\u81f3\u5c11\u4eb2\u773c\u5728\u5b66\u6821\u76ee\u7779\u8fc7\u4e00\u6b21\u8a00\u8bed\u9738\u51cc\uff0860%\uff09\u548c\u8eab\u4f53\u9738\u51cc\uff0874%\uff09\uff08Ken Rigby, 2005\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_546903\" style=\"width: 411px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-546903\" class=\"size-full wp-image-546903\" src=\"http:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/files\/2016\/12\/Screen-Shot-2016-12-17-at-\u4e0b\u53483.49.13.png\" alt=\"\u25c6\u75db\u65a5\u8fc7\u770b\u5ba2\u4e4b\u51b7\u6f20\u7684\u9c81\u8fc5\uff0c\u4f1a\u5bf9\u65c1\u89c2\u7684\u5c0f\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u8bf4\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f\uff08\u56fe\u4e3a1932\u5e74\u51ac\u9c81\u8fc5\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u5e08\u8303\u5927\u5b66\u8bb2\u6f14\uff09\" width=\"401\" height=\"190\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/files\/2016\/12\/Screen-Shot-2016-12-17-at-\u4e0b\u53483.49.13.png 401w, https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/files\/2016\/12\/Screen-Shot-2016-12-17-at-\u4e0b\u53483.49.13-300x142.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 401px) 100vw, 401px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-546903\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u25c6\u75db\u65a5\u8fc7\u770b\u5ba2\u4e4b\u51b7\u6f20\u7684\u9c81\u8fc5\uff0c\u4f1a\u5bf9\u65c1\u89c2\u7684\u5c0f\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u8bf4\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f\uff08\u56fe\u4e3a1932\u5e74\u51ac\u9c81\u8fc5\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u5e08\u8303\u5927\u5b66\u8bb2\u6f14\uff09<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\u65c1\u89c2\u8005\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5728\u6821\u56ed\u9738\u51cc\u884c\u4e3a\u673a\u5236\u4e2d\u81f3\u4e3a\u5173\u952e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u66b4\u529b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u65c1\u89c2\u8005\u65e2\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u77e5\u60c5\u8005\u3001\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u76ee\u7779\u8005\u6216\u8005\u5e72\u9884\u8005\uff08\u5e2e\u52a9\u65bd\u66b4\u8005\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5e2e\u52a9\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\uff09\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4eec\u6240\u6307\u7684\u65c1\u89c2\u8005\uff0c\u7528\u6211\u4eec\u719f\u6089\u7684\u8bdd\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u9c81\u8fc5\u7b14\u4e0b\u7684\u770b\u5ba2\u3002Judy Smith\uff081999\uff09\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u4e03\u4e2a\u65c1\u89c2\u8005\u7279\u8d28\uff0c\u603b\u6709\u4e00\u6b3e\u4f60\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u7ad9\u5728\u65c1\u8fb9\u89c2\u770b\u6253\u67b6\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4efb\u4f55\u5e2e\u52a9\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>\u559c\u6b22\u770b\u4eba\u6253\u67b6\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>\u7ecf\u5e38\u9f13\u52b1\u9738\u51cc\u8005\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u6709\u6743\u5a01\u4eba\u7269\u8fc7\u6765\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u8001\u5e08\uff09\uff0c\u4f1a\u5e2e\u5fd9\u63d0\u9192\u9738\u51cc\u8005\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u65f6\u4f1a\u5413\u5f97\u4e00\u52a8\u4e0d\u52a8\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>\u662f\u7ed9\u9738\u51cc\u8005\u559d\u5f69\u7684\u4e00\u5458\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u6709\u6253\u67b6\u53d1\u751f\u65f6\uff0c\u603b\u662f\u5728\u573a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u542c\u8d77\u6765\u975e\u5e38\u8033\u719f\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u6821\u56ed\u9738\u51cc\u4e0d\u662f\u53ea\u5728\u9738\u51cc\u8005\u548c\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u58f0\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u4e5f\u4ecd\u7136\u5728\u53c2\u4e0e\u548c\u626e\u6f14\u7740\u6295\u7968\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c<strong>57%\u7684\u9738\u51cc\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u56e0\u4e3a\u65c1\u89c2\u8005\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u5e72\u9884\u800c\u88ab\u6709\u6548\u5236\u6b62\u7684<\/strong>\uff08Hawkins, Pepler, &amp; Craig\uff0c2001\uff09\u3002\u5728\u9738\u51cc\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u548c\u9ed8\u8bb8\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u5728\u5bf9\u9738\u51cc\u884c\u4e3a\u8fdb\u884c\u6b63\u9762\u5f3a\u5316\uff08Christina Salmivalli, 2010\uff09\u3002\u9738\u51cc\u8005\u5f97\u4ee5\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u5730\u5c55\u793a\u548c\u53d1\u6325\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3001\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u5730\u70b9\uff08Christina Salmivalli, Marinus Voeten\uff0cElisa Poskiparta\uff0c2011\uff09\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u9738\u51cc\u884c\u4e3a\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u83b7\u5f97\u6743\u529b\u548c\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u201d(Gellert, 1997, p.116)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u901a\u4fd7\u5730\u8bb2\u5c31\u662f\uff1a<strong>\u5403\u74dc\u7fa4\u4f17\u7684\u51b7\u6f20\u3001\u4e0d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u548c\u4e0d\u8868\u6001\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5728\u4fc3\u8fdb\u9738\u51cc\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u6240\u6709\u7684\u56f4\u89c2\u548c\u54c4\u7b11\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u5bf9\u9738\u51cc\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u9f13\u52b1\u548c\u63a8\u52a8<\/strong>\u3002<img decoding=\"async\" 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srcset=\"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/files\/2016\/12\/Screen-Shot-2016-12-17-at-\u4e0b\u53483.49.56.png 569w, https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/files\/2016\/12\/Screen-Shot-2016-12-17-at-\u4e0b\u53483.49.56-300x169.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 569px) 100vw, 569px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-546904\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u25c6\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u6c14\u6c1b\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u9738\u51cc\u884c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u7684\u201d\u65c1\u89c2\u8005\u6548\u5e94\u201c\u3002\u9738\u51cc\u8005\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u5438\u5f15\u5230\u5174\u8da3\u3001\u9f13\u52b1\u548c\u56f4\u89c2\u7b49\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u4e2d\u6b62\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\u540c\u4f34\u95ee\u9898\u4e5f\u662f\u88ab\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u91cd\u89c6\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u3002\u6709\u540c\u4f34\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u786e\u5b9e\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u51cf\u5c11\u9738\u51cc\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6096\u8bba\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22\u548c\u88ab\u9738\u51cc\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u4ea4\u670b\u53cb\uff08\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u6709\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u540c\u4f34\u62d2\u7edd\u5ea6\uff09\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u53cb\u60c5\u786e\u5b9e\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u5230\u53d7\u9738\u51cc\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e0d\u826f\u7ecf\u5386\uff08Schwartz, McFayden-Ketchum, Dodge, Bates\uff0c1999\uff1b\u9ad8\u7428, \u90b9\u6cd3, 2001\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9e21\u751f\u86cb\u8fd8\u662f\u86cb\u751f\u9e21\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u9760\u5c0f\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u81ea\u8eab\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u90a3\u4e48\u95ee\u9898\u6765\u4e86\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u8ba9\u65c1\u89c2\u8005\u79ef\u6781\u5730\u53c2\u4e0e\u5230\u5236\u6b62\u9738\u51cc\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u91cc\u53bb\u5462\uff1f\u8fd9\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u9700\u8981\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\uff0c\u4ece\u5b66\u6821\u7ba1\u7406\u5c42\u9762\u5230\u8bfe\u5802\u6559\u80b2\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u6765\u5145\u5206\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u5f15\u5bfc\uff0c\u548c\u5efa\u7acb\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6fc0\u52b1\u673a\u5236\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>2\u3001\u9664\u4e86\u201c\u6253\u56de\u53bb\u201d\u8fd8\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u529e\u6cd5\u6765\u5236\u6b62\u6821\u56ed\u9738\u51cc<\/strong><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>\u5fc5\u987b\u518d\u6b21\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c<strong>\u5efa\u7acb\u6210\u4eba\u4ecb\u5165\u7684\u5e72\u9884\u673a\u5236\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027<\/strong>\u3002\u8bb2\u767d\u4e86\uff0c\u9738\u51cc\u73b0\u8c61\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u529e\u6cd5\u88ab\u675c\u7edd\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5374\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5404\u79cd\u5e72\u9884\uff0c\u88ab\u5145\u5206\u5730\u7f13\u89e3\u548c\u51cf\u5c11\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c<strong>\u52aa\u529b\u8425\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u8db3\u591f\u53cb\u597d\u3001\u53cd\u5bf9\u9738\u51cc\u7684\u6821\u56ed\u6c1b\u56f4\uff0c\u6bd4\u4efb\u4f55\u201c\u6253\u56de\u53bb\u201d\u7684\u9632\u8eab\u6280\u80fd\u90fd\u6765\u5f97\u91cd\u8981<\/strong>\u3002\u88ab\u4e25\u91cd\u9738\u51cc\u548c\u957f\u671f\u88ab\u523b\u610f\u9488\u5bf9\u7684\u5c0f\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u4e3a\u5927\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u6f20\u89c6\u548c\u4e0d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e70\u5355\u3002\u201c\u6253\u56de\u53bb\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\u201d\uff0c\u8ddf\u5c0f\u5b69\u5b50\u5927\u8c08\u81ea\u6551\uff0c\u5374\u56de\u907f\u548c\u65e0\u89c6\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7279\u522b\u662f\u6559\u80b2\u8005\u5e94\u8be5\u8d77\u5230\u7684\u5e72\u9884\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u89e3\u51b3\u9738\u51cc\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u63a8\u5378\u8d23\u4efb\u548c\u8f6c\u79fb\u91cd\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>a\uff09\u7236\u6bcd\u548c\u8001\u5e08\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u81f3\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u4e2d\u5173\u6751\u4e8c\u5c0f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u975e\u5e38\u8033\u719f\uff1a\u201c<strong>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u62a5\u544a\u8001\u5e08\u5462<\/strong>\uff1f\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u56fd\u5916\u53cd\u9738\u51cc\u673a\u6784\u548c\u9879\u76ee\u91cc\uff0c\u53cd\u590d\u88ab\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u904d\u7684\u5e38\u8bc6\u4e86\uff1a\u5b69\u5b50\u5f88\u5c11\u4f1a\u544a\u8bc9\u8001\u5e08\u548c\u5bb6\u957f\u4ed6\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u9738\u51cc\u3002\u5404\u56fd\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5404\u6709\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\uff1a\u5f88\u591a\u9738\u51cc\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u53ea\u80fd\u9760\u5bb6\u957f\u3001\u8001\u5e08\u7684\u4e3b\u52a8\u89c2\u5bdf\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u3002<\/p>\n<table width=\"589\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" nowrap=\"nowrap\" width=\"589\" height=\"47\"><strong>\u6821\u56ed\u9738\u51cc\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u4f60\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u8eab\u4e0a\u5417<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\uff08\u6765\u6e90\uff1aOBPP\u53cd\u9738\u51cc\u9879\u76ee\u7f51\uff0c\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a\u7aef\u6728\u5f02\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u7565\u6709\u8c03\u6574\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"315\" height=\"69\"><strong>\u4f60\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u88ab\u9738\u51cc\u4e86:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u88ab\u6b3a\u8d1f\u7684\u5c0f\u5b69\u901a\u5e38\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u503c\u5f97\u8b66\u60d5\u7684\u8ff9\u8c61<\/td>\n<td width=\"275\" height=\"69\"><strong>\u4f60\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u9738\u51cc\u522b\u4eba:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u7231\u6b3a\u8d1f\u4eba\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u662f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5236\u6b62\u9738\u51cc\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u6076\u5316\u548c\u8fdb\u884c\u65e9\u671f\u5e72\u9884<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"315\" height=\"34\">\u8863\u670d\u3001\u4e66\u672c\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u7269\u54c1\u88ab\u6495\u6bc1\u6216\u7f3a\u635f<\/td>\n<td width=\"275\" height=\"34\">\u5bf9\u4e8e\u66b4\u529b\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u66b4\u529b\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u6001\u5ea6\u5f88\u79ef\u6781<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"315\" height=\"37\">\u6709\u6253\u6597\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u4f24\u53e3\u3001\u9752\u80bf\u6216\u6293\u75d5\u5374\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u91ca<\/td>\n<td width=\"275\" height=\"37\">\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u6b32\u6c42\u8981\u652f\u914d\u548c\u78be\u538b\u5176\u4ed6\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u76ee\u7684<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"315\" height=\"18\">\u5f88\u5c11\u751a\u81f3\u6ca1\u6709\u670b\u53cb\u548c\u4ed6\/\u5979\u5f85\u5728\u4e00\u8d77<\/td>\n<td width=\"275\" height=\"18\">\u975e\u5e38\u5730\u51b2\u52a8\u3001\u6709\u653b\u51fb\u6027\uff0c\u5bb9\u6613\u53d1\u813e\u6c14<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"315\" height=\"36\">\u5bb3\u6015\u53bb\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u6297\u62d2\u8d70\u8def\/\u5750\u6821\u8f66\u4e0a\u5b66\u548c\u653e\u5b66\uff0c\u4e0d\u80af\u53c2\u4e0e\u540c\u9f84\u4eba\u5728\u573a\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u9879\u76ee<\/td>\n<td width=\"275\" height=\"36\">\u5bf9\u4e8e\u88ab\u9738\u51cc\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5171\u60c5\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u611f\u540c\u8eab\u53d7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"315\" height=\"18\">\u8d70\u8def\u53bb\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u6beb\u65e0\u7406\u7531\u5730\u6545\u610f\u7ed5\u9053<\/td>\n<td width=\"275\" height=\"18\">\u8511\u89c6\u548c\u653b\u51fb\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8001\u5e08\u548c\u7236\u6bcd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"315\" height=\"36\">\u5bf9\u5b8c\u6210\u5b66\u6821\u4f5c\u4e1a\u5931\u53bb\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u6210\u7ee9\u7a81\u7136\u4e0b\u6ed1<\/td>\n<td width=\"275\" height=\"36\">\u53c2\u4e0e\u5230\u53cd\u793e\u4f1a\u6216\u7834\u574f\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u91cc\uff08e.g.\u7834\u574f\u516c\u7269\/\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u72af\u7f6a\/\u5438\u6bd2\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"315\" height=\"36\">\u56de\u5bb6\u540e\u8868\u73b0\u5f97\u4f24\u5fc3\u3001\u60c5\u7eea\u6ce2\u52a8\u3001\u7231\u54ed\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u538b\u6291<\/td>\n<td width=\"275\" height=\"36\">\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u5b69\u5b50\u901a\u5e38\u8eab\u4f53\u529b\u6c14\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u7537\u5b69<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"315\" height=\"54\">\u7ecf\u5e38\u62b1\u6028\u5934\u75db\u3001\u80c3\u75db\uff0c\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e9b\u8eab\u4f53\u4e0d\u9002<\/td>\n<td width=\"275\" height=\"54\">\u4e3a\u4e86\u88ab\u770b\u5f97\u8d77\u6216\u8005\u4e3a\u4e86\u6050\u5413\u522b\u4eba\uff0c\u559c\u6b22\u8bb2\u4e00\u4e9b\u5371\u9669\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u641e\u628a\u67aa\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e2d\u56fd\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"315\" height=\"18\">\u7ecf\u5e38\u505a\u5669\u68a6\uff0c\u7761\u4e0d\u597d<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\" width=\"275\" height=\"18\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"315\" height=\"18\">\u5403\u4e1c\u897f\u6ca1\u80c3\u53e3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"315\" height=\"18\">\u663e\u5f97\u7d27\u5f20\uff0c\u81ea\u5c0a\u53d7\u632b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u53ea\u6709\u6781\u5c11\u6570\u7684\u5c0f\u5b69\u4f1a\u544a\u8bc9\u7236\u6bcd\u548c\u8001\u5e08\u81ea\u5df1\u88ab\u6b3a\u51cc\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u548c\u7236\u6bcd\u5173\u7cfb\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u5c0f\u5b69\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f8b\u5916\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u666e\u904d\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5728\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u7537\u5b69\u5b50\u6bd4\u5973\u5b69\u5b50\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u5377\u5165\u9738\u51cc\uff0c\u7537\u5b69\u5b50\u66f4\u503e\u5411\u8eab\u4f53\u9738\u51cc\uff1b\u5973\u5b69\u5b50\u5219\u66f4\u591a\u662f\u8a00\u8bed\u548c\u5173\u7cfb\u9738\u51cc\u3002\u7537\u5b69\u5b50\u6bd4\u5973\u5b69\u5b50\u66f4\u559c\u6b22\u548c\u540c\u4f34\u4ea4\u6d41\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u906d\u9047\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c<strong>\u6709\u4e00\u70b9\u662f\u5171\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u65e0\u8bba\u7537\u5973\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u7231\u8ddf\u5bb6\u957f\u548c\u8001\u5e08\u62a5\u544a\u81ea\u5df1\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u9738\u51cc\u3002<\/strong>\uff08Eronetal., 1987; Oliver&amp; Hazler, 1992\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u539f\u56e0\u4e94\u82b1\u516b\u95e8\uff1a\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6709\u62c5\u5fc3\u4f1a\u906d\u5230\u5632\u7b11\u548c\u8bb2\u95f2\u8bdd\u3001\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u6269\u5927\u4e8b\u6001\u8ba9\u66f4\u591a\u4eba\u77e5\u9053\u3001\u5bb3\u6015\u62db\u81f4\u62a5\u590d\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u7236\u6bcd\u548c\u8001\u5e08\u53cd\u800c\u5e38\u5e38\u6076\u5316\u4e86\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u5f53\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u6c42\u52a9\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u9632\u6b62\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u906d\u53d7\u9738\u51cc\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u589e\u52a0\u88ab\u62a5\u590d\u7684\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u56e0\u6b64\u5931\u53bb\u4fe1\u5fc3\u3002\u5728\u5c0f\u5b69\u5b50\u4e0d\u5f00\u53e3\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u53ea\u80fd\u9760\u5bb6\u957f\u7684\u4e3b\u52a8\u89c2\u5bdf\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u5b69\u5b50\u662f\u5426\u6709\u53d7\u5230\u9738\u51cc\uff08\u8eab\u4e0a\u7684\u4f24\u53e3\uff0c\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u53bb\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u60c5\u7eea\u4f4e\u843d\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\u8ff9\u8c61\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u548c\u8001\u5e08\u4fdd\u6301\u6c9f\u901a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5904\u5728\u9738\u51cc\u4e2d\u5374\u4e0d\u5411\u5927\u4eba\u5f00\u53e3\u7684\u5c0f\u5b69\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u53ea\u662f\u8db3\u591f\u806a\u660e\uff0c\u9884\u6d4b\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a\u65e0\u6548\u7684\u6c42\u52a9\u5bf9\u8c61\u3001\u4e0d\u5f53\u7684\u5e72\u9884\uff0c\u4f1a\u6076\u5316\u60c5\u51b5\u4e43\u81f3\u52a0\u91cd\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u6b67\u89c6\uff08\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4e5f\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c<strong>\u7236\u6bcd\u548c\u8001\u5e08\u540c\u6837\u9700\u8981\u63a5\u53d7\u53cd\u9738\u51cc\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5355\u4e00\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u5e94\u6025\u548c\u5076\u53d1\u6027\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u6ca1\u6709\u793e\u5de5\u548c\u8db3\u591f\u591a\u7684NGO\u7b49\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u6765\u63d0\u4f9b\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u6c42\u52a9\u6e20\u9053\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u548c\u89c4\u7ae0\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u7ba1\u5236\u3001\u6295\u8bc9\u548c\u76d1\u63a7\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u666e\u904d\u5bf9\u6821\u56ed\u9738\u51cc\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8ba4\u8bc6\u548c\u91cd\u89c6\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u70b9\u70b9\u88ab\u5b8c\u5584\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5757\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u53ea\u80fd\u7531\u5bb6\u957f\u548c\u8001\u5e08\u4eec\u6765\u81ea\u884c\u5b66\u4e60\u3002<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_546906\" style=\"width: 293px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-546906\" class=\"size-full wp-image-546906\" src=\"http:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/files\/2016\/12\/Screen-Shot-2016-12-17-at-\u4e0b\u53483.51.12.png\" alt=\"\u25c6\u53cd\u9738\u51cc\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u9700\u8981\u7236\u6bcd\u3001\u8001\u5e08\u548c\u5b69\u5b50\u4e00\u8d77\u6765\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\" width=\"283\" height=\"139\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-546906\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u25c6\u53cd\u9738\u51cc\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u9700\u8981\u7236\u6bcd\u3001\u8001\u5e08\u548c\u5b69\u5b50\u4e00\u8d77\u6765\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u5f88\u9057\u61be\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u56fd\u5916\u6821\u56ed\u91cc\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f1a\u6563\u53d1\u9884\u9632\u6027\u4fb5\u6027\u9a9a\u6270\u3001\u53cd\u6821\u56ed\u9738\u51cc\u7684\u8d44\u6599\u548c\u4f20\u5355\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5373\u4f7f\u8bfb\u5230\u7855\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u53d7\u4fb5\u5bb3\u540e\u5b66\u751f\u5e38\u5e38\u8fde\u4e0a\u54ea\u6c42\u52a9\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u4fe1\u606f\u672c\u6765\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u5f88\u96be\u88ab\u4e86\u89e3\u548c\u63a5\u89e6\u5230\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u56fd\u5185\u5374\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6e20\u9053\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u3002\u8bf7\u52a1\u5fc5\u5229\u7528\u597d\u7f51\u7edc\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>b\uff09\u6821\u56ed\u53cd\u9738\u51cc\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u5f15\u5165<\/strong><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-546907\" src=\"http:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/files\/2016\/12\/Screen-Shot-2016-12-17-at-\u4e0b\u53483.51.54.png\" alt=\"screen-shot-2016-12-17-at-%e4%b8%8b%e5%8d%883-51-54\" width=\"256\" height=\"164\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u4ece\u4e0a\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u516d\u4e03\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u632a\u5a01\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u5df2\u7ecf\u670930\u591a\u4e2a\u83b7\u5f97\u6210\u6548\u7684\u53cd\u9738\u51cc\u65b9\u6848\u3002<strong>\u5e72\u9884\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u6548\u679c\u662f\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u548c\u5145\u5206\u591a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u8bc1\u636e\u652f\u6301\u7684\u3002<\/strong>\u4e00\u9879\u6a2a\u8de8\u6b27\u6d32\u548c\u7f8e\u6d32\u3001\u5305\u62ec\u4e8627\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u3001\u957f\u8fbe13\u5e74\uff081994-2006\u5e74\uff09\u7684\u9738\u51cc\u5e72\u9884\u9879\u76ee\u6bd4\u8f83\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff1a<strong>\u6b27\u6d32\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6821\u56ed\u9738\u51cc\u884c\u4e3a\u6bd4\u4f8b\u56e0\u4e3a\u5e72\u9884\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u663e\u8457\u7684\u6539\u5584<\/strong>\uff08HBSC Bullying Writing Group, 2009\uff09\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u53cd\u6821\u56ed\u9738\u51cc\u9879\u76ee\u8d77\u6b65\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u632a\u5a01\uff0c\u662f\u4f17\u591a\u6821\u56ed\u9738\u51cc\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u516c\u8ba4\u7684\u6210\u6548\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\u5927\u540d\u9f0e\u9f0e\u7684\u201c\u96f6\u5bb9\u5fcd\u65b9\u6848\u201d\uff08Zero TolenrancePolicy\uff09\u3002\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u9738\u51cc\u9884\u8b66\uff08\u7b5b\u9009\u3001\u8bc6\u522b\u548c\u9632\u8303\u9738\u51cc\uff0c\u76d1\u63a7\u8bfe\u5802\u548c\u8bfe\u5916\u6d3b\u52a8\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5e72\u9884\u63aa\u65bd\uff1a\u4e00\u65e6\u53d1\u751f\u9738\u51cc\u5c31\u4f1a\u53ec\u5f00\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u4f1a\u8bae\u8fdb\u884c\u5e72\u9884\uff0c\u6709\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u6559\u5e08\u8ddf\u8fdb\uff0c\u4f20\u6388\u5e94\u5bf9\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u5047\u5982\u5931\u6548\u518d\u901a\u77e5\u9738\u51cc\u8005\u548c\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u5bb6\u957f\uff1b\u518d\u548c\u9738\u51cc\u8005\u77ed\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u5bc6\u96c6\u4e3e\u884c\u5355\u72ec\u4f1a\u8c08\u548c\u5171\u540c\u4f1a\u8c08\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u76f8\u4e92\u4e32\u901a\u5f71\u54cd\u5e72\u9884\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u901a\u77e5\u5bb6\u957f\uff1b\u6700\u540e\u8fd8\u4f1a\u6709\u5ea7\u8c08\u4f1a\uff0c\u53cd\u590d\u5f3a\u5316\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u4ecb\u5165\uff0c\u5b89\u6392\u8c03\u8282\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e00\u5957\u65b9\u6848\u80cc\u540e\uff0c\u662f\u5168\u5458\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\uff08\u53cd\u9738\u51cc\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5305\u62ec\u6821\u957f\/\u8001\u5e08\/\u5bb6\u957f\/\u5b66\u751f\uff09\uff0c\u9879\u76ee\u8986\u76d6\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b66\u6821\u88ab\u6df7\u7f16\u6210\u82e5\u5e72\u9879\u76ee\u7ec4\uff0c\u5f00\u5c55\u5404\u79cd\u56e2\u961f\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u57f9\u8bad\u3002\u65b9\u6848\u6709\u5404\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u8d44\u6599\u548c\u6307\u5bfc\u3002\uff08\u674e\u950b, \u53f2\u4e1c\u82b3, 2015\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u518d\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\u201cOlweus\u53cd\u9738\u51cc\u5e72\u9884\u65b9\u6848\u201d\uff08The Olweus Bullying Prevention Program\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u7b80\u79f0\u4e3aOBPP\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6848\u662f\u4ee5\u6700\u65e9\u8fdb\u884c\u6821\u56ed\u9738\u51cc\u7814\u7a76\u7684DanOlweus\u535a\u58eb\u547d\u540d\u7684\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u5728\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u51e0\u5343\u4e2a\u5b66\u6821\u88ab\u63a8\u5e7f\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002\u8be5\u9879\u76ee\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u6821\u56ed\u8bbe\u65bd\u7684\u5efa\u8bbe\u3001\u76f8\u5173\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5236\u5b9a\uff0c\u5bf9\u6821\u56ed\u9738\u51cc\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u7efc\u5408\u6027\u5e72\u9884\uff0c\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u9738\u51cc\u884c\u4e3a\u62a5\u544a\u51cf\u5c11\u4e8650%\u3002\uff08\u7ae5\u5c0f\u519b, \u6f06\u5149\u9e3f, 2009\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u7c97\u7565\u800c\u5e76\u4e0d\u5168\u9762\u5730\u603b\u7ed3\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u5171\u540c\u70b9\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>1)<strong>\u66f4\u6ce8\u91cd\u9884\u9632\u2014\u2014\u5e74\u9f84\u8d8a\u5c0f\uff0c\u5e72\u9884\u6548\u679c\u8d8a\u597d<\/strong>\u3002\u5728\u5c0f\u5b66\u7684\u5e72\u9884\u6548\u679c\u6bd4\u4e2d\u5b66\u597d\u3002\u7b49\u5230\u4e86\u5927\u7ea611-13\u5c81\u7684\u9738\u51cc\u4e8b\u4ef6\u9ad8\u5cf0\u671f\uff08\u5404\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u6570\u636e\u7565\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\uff09\uff0c\u5c31\u53ea\u80fd\u4e8b\u540e\u8865\u6551\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2) <strong>\u6709\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\u548c\u5177\u4f53\u53ef\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5bf9\u7b56\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>3) <strong>\u5173\u6ce8\u4e2a\u4f53<\/strong>\uff0c\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u793e\u4f1a\u8ba4\u77e5\u6a21\u5f0f\u6765\u8bad\u7ec3\u5b66\u751f\u5904\u7406\u3001\u5e94\u5bf9\u9738\u51cc\u73b0\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<p>4\uff09\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u5730\u533a<strong>\u90fd\u80fd\u6536\u5230\u6210\u6548<\/strong>\uff08\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4ecd\u7136\u548c\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\u6709\u5173\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_546908\" style=\"width: 216px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-546908\" class=\"size-full wp-image-546908\" src=\"http:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/files\/2016\/12\/Screen-Shot-2016-12-17-at-\u4e0b\u53483.52.38.png\" alt=\"\u25c6\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u5171\u540c\u70b9\uff0c\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u601d\u8003\u5982\u4f55\u6709\u6548\u5236\u6b62\u9738\u51cc\u5f88\u6709\u7528\u3002\uff08\u5e72\u9884\u6bd4\u8865\u6551\u597d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u9738\u51cc\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027\u6240\u4ee5\u66f4\u91cd\u89c6\u4e2a\u4f53\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u63d0\u51fa\u5355\u4e00\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\uff09\" width=\"206\" height=\"286\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-546908\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u25c6\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u5171\u540c\u70b9\uff0c\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u601d\u8003\u5982\u4f55\u6709\u6548\u5236\u6b62\u9738\u51cc\u5f88\u6709\u7528\u3002\uff08\u5e72\u9884\u6bd4\u8865\u6551\u597d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u9738\u51cc\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027\u6240\u4ee5\u66f4\u91cd\u89c6\u4e2a\u4f53\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u63d0\u51fa\u5355\u4e00\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\uff09<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\u745e\u5178\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53cd\u9738\u51cc\u8d77\u6b65\u6700\u65e9\u3001\u6210\u6548\u6700\u597d\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u8be5\u56fd273\u540d\u66fe\u7ecf\u7684\u9738\u51cc\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u67e5\uff08Ann Fr\u00e9n, Tove Hasselblad, Kristina Holmqvist, 2012\uff09\uff0c\u8ba9\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u4eec\u8bb2\u8ff0\u548c\u603b\u7ed3\uff1a\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7ed3\u675f\u4e86\u88ab\u9738\u51cc\u7684\u906d\u9047\uff1f\u56de\u7b54\u6700\u591a\u7684\u662f\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u5e72\u9884\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u8001\u5e08\u3001\u73ed\u4e3b\u4efb\u3001\u5b66\u6821\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u3001\u5b66\u6821\u53cd\u9738\u51cc\u9879\u76ee\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u7b49\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u7236\u6bcd\u548c\u670b\u53cb\u540c\u5b66\u7684\u534f\u52a9\u4e5f\u81f3\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\uff08\u4ed6\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u60c5\u51b5\u540e\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4f1a\u62a5\u544a\u8001\u5e08\u548c\u8054\u7cfb\u5b66\u6821\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u6b63\u662fOlweus\uff081999\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff1a<strong>\u5b66\u6821\u6559\u80b2\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u5e94\u8be5\u626e\u6f14\u8d77\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u6821\u56ed\u53cd\u9738\u51cc\u89d2\u8272\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>c\uff09\u4e0d\u8981\u8ba9\u8001\u5e08\u6210\u4e3a\u9738\u51cc\u8005\u548c\u6d88\u6781\u65c1\u89c2\u8005<\/strong><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>\u9738\u51cc\u7684\u672c\u8d28\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6743\u529b\u4e0d\u5bf9\u7b49\uff0c\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u548c\u6b67\u89c6\uff08discrimination\uff09\u3001\u4e0d\u516c\uff08inequality\uff09\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u6821\u56ed\u9738\u51cc\u6108\u53d1\u4e25\u91cd\uff1f\u867d\u7136\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u6210\u56e0\u8fd8\u6709\u5f85\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u6765\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5206\u914d\u4e0d\u5747\u3001\u201c\u5bd2\u95e8\u518d\u96be\u51fa\u8d35\u5b50\u201d\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u6d41\u884c\uff0c\u57ce\u4e61\u4e8c\u5143\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u7cfb\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/space\/%E6%88%B7%E7%B1%8D%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6\" target=\"_blank\">\u6237\u7c4d\u5236\u5ea6<\/a>\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u5165\u5b66\u673a\u4f1a\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u6216\u660e\u6216\u6697\u7684\u6b67\u89c6\u73b0\u8c61\u5728\u6559\u80b2\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u5982\u6b64\u5e38\u89c1\uff0c\u4f46\u516c\u7acb\u4e2d\u5c0f\u5b66\u6821\u4f53\u5236\u5374\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u751f\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u65e7\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0e\u65b0\u60c5\u51b5\u4ea4\u7ec7\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b66\u6821\u548c\u6559\u5e08\u7684\u4e0d\u4f5c\u4e3a\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4e0d\u5f53\u4f5c\u4e3a\uff0c\u662f\u6821\u56ed\u9738\u51cc\u6108\u6f14\u6108\u70c8\u7684\u6700\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u70b9\u662f\uff0c\u5b66\u6821\u3001\u7279\u522b\u662f\u6559\u5e08\u5728\u9884\u9632\u548c\u963b\u6b62\u9738\u51cc\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u8d77\u5230\u5f88\u5927\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4e2d\u56fd\u6821\u56ed\u9738\u51cc\u4e2d\u6709\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6210\u7ee9\u597d\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u5f88\u5c11\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u957f\u671f\u88ab\u9738\u51cc\u8005\u3002\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5b66\u4e60\u6210\u7ee9\u597d\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u6210\u4e3a\u88ab\u9738\u51cc\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1f\u56e0\u4e3a\u666e\u904d\u5bf9\u8003\u8bd5\u6210\u7ee9\u7684\u91cd\u89c6\uff0c\u5728\u4ee5\u5347\u5b66\u7387\u4f5c\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u4e2d\u5c0f\u5b66\u91cc\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u6210\u7ee9\u597d\u7684\u5b66\u751f\uff0c\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u5b66\u751f\u66f4\u80fd\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u6559\u5e08\u7684\u7ee9\u6548\u8003\u6838\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6559\u5e08\u5728\u6210\u7ee9\u597d\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u8eab\u4e0a\u6295\u6ce8\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u548c\u5e72\u9884\uff08\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5728\u548c\u540c\u5b66\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u4e92\u52a8\u4e2d\uff0c\u6210\u7ee9\u597d\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u4e5f\u5f80\u5f80\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u83b7\u53d6\u4f18\u52bf\u5730\u4f4d\uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/space\/%E6%8A%84%E4%BD%9C%E4%B8%9A\" target=\"_blank\">\u6284\u4f5c\u4e1a<\/a>\uff0c\u5206\u4eab\u8bfe\u5802\u7b14\u8bb0\uff0c\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u83b7\u53d6\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\uff09\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u4e5f\u662f\u6210\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u6210\u7ee9\u4e2d\u7b49\u548c\u5dee\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u88ab\u9738\u51cc\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u66f4\u9ad8\uff08Ray Munni\uff0cMalhi P, 2006) \u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u6bd4\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e2d\u5c0f\u5b66\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4f53\u80b2\u624d\u80fd\u548c\u793e\u4ea4\u6c34\u5e73\u5f80\u5f80\u88ab\u66f4\u4e3a\u770b\u91cd\uff0c\u6210\u7ee9\u4e0d\u9519\u4f46\u662f\u7f9e\u602f\u5b71\u5f31\u7684\u5b66\u751f\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u5bb9\u6613\u56e0\u4e3a\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201cnerd discrimination\u201d\uff08\u4e66\u5446\u5b50\u6b67\u89c6\uff09\u800c\u906d\u5230\u9738\u51cc\u3002\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u4ee5nerd\u4eec\u4e3a\u4e3b\u89d2\u7684\u7f8e\u5267\u300a\u751f\u6d3b\u5927\u7206\u70b8\u300b\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u6559\u5e08\u5bf9\u5b66\u751f\u5177\u6709\u53cc\u91cd\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u4f18\u52bf\uff08\u6210\u5e74\u4e0e\u672a\u6210\u5e74\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u8005\u4e0e\u88ab\u6559\u80b2\u8005\uff09\uff0c<strong>\u6240\u4ee5\u5982\u679c\u5bf9\u9738\u51cc\u7ed9\u4e88\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9884\u9632\u548c\u963b\u6b62\u9738\u51cc\u662f\u6700\u6709\u6548\u7684<\/strong>\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u524d\u9762\u5f15\u7528\u7684Ann Fris\u00e9n\u3001Tove Hasselblad\u548cKristinaHolmqvist\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u8bc1\u5b9e\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_546909\" style=\"width: 581px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-546909\" class=\"size-full 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eader\u7684\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\uff08\u6211\u620f\u79f0\u4e3a\u201d\u53cd\u6740\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u76f8\u4fe1\u8fd9\u4e00\u5757\u7684\u73b0\u72b6\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<h6><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><strong>\u90e8\u5206\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/strong><\/span><\/h6>\n<hr \/>\n<h6><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u4e2d\u6587\u90e8\u5206<\/span><\/h6>\n<h6><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u9ad8\u7428, \u90b9\u6cd3. \u5904\u5883\u4e0d\u5229\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u53cb\u8c0a\u5173\u7cfb\u7814\u7a76. \u5fc3\u7406\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0e\u6559\u80b2 [J], 2001, 3: 52~55<\/span><\/h6>\n<h6><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u674e\u950b, \u53f2\u4e1c\u82b3. \u632a\u5a01\u53cd\u6821\u56ed\u6b3a\u51cc\u201d\u96f6\u5bb9\u5fcd\u201d\u65b9\u6848\u7814\u7a76\u8ff0\u8bc4. \u6559\u80b2\u5bfc\u520a[J], 2015. 2<\/span><\/h6>\n<h6><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u7f57\u5bb6\u6709, \u66fe\u5d58, \u718a\u7075\u829d,\u674e\u96c4\u4f1f, \u5c39\u900a\u5f3a, \u5b59\u632f\u7403. 3620\u540d\u519c\u6751\u4e2d\u5b66\u751f\u66b4\u529b\u906d\u9047\u53ca\u5176\u5371\u9669\u56e0\u7d20\u5206\u6790. \u4e2d\u56fd\u536b\u751f\u7edf\u8ba1[J], 2007, 10. Vol. 24<\/span><\/h6>\n<h6><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u7ae5\u5c0f\u519b, \u6f06\u5149\u9e3f. \u7f8e\u56fd\u9ad8\u6821\u6b3a\u8d1f\u7814\u7a76\u7efc\u8ff0. \u4e2d\u56fd\u9752\u5e74\u7814\u7a76[J], 2009, 8<\/span><\/h6>\n<h6><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u8881\u7acb\u65b0, \u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u4e0e\u6c11\u5de5\u5b50\u5f1f\u5b66\u6821\u521d\u4e2d\u751f\u6d41\u52a8\u513f\u7ae5\u53d7\u6b67\u89c6\u72b6\u51b5\u6bd4\u8f83. \u4e2d\u56fd\u5b66\u6821\u536b\u751f[J], 2011, Vol.32.No.7<\/span><\/h6>\n<h6><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u738b\u4e2d\u6770, \u5218\u534e\u5c71. \u6821\u56ed\u6b3a\u8d1f\u4e2d\u7684\u6b3a\u8d1f\/\u53d7\u6b3a\u8d1f\u8005\u548c\u65c1\u89c2\u8005\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7efc\u8ff0[J]. \u5fc3\u7406\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0e\u6559\u80b2, 2004, \u7b2c1\u671f.<\/span><\/h6>\n<h6><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u82f1\u6587\u90e8\u5206<\/span><\/h6>\n<h6><span style=\"color: #999999;\">Casella, Ronnie. \u201cBeing Down\u201d: ChallengingViolence in Urban Schools. Teacher College Press, New York, 2001. P.37; P.93.<\/span><\/h6>\n<h6><span style=\"color: #999999;\">Fris\u00e9n, Ann, Hasselblad, Tove &amp; Holmqvist, Kristina. What actuallymakes bullying stop? Reports from former victims, Journal of Adolescence[J],2012<\/span><\/h6>\n<h6><span style=\"color: #999999;\">O\u2019Connell.P., Pepler, D., &amp; Craig,W..Peer involvement in bullying: Insights and challenges for intervention [J].Journal of Adolescence, 1999, Vol.22: 437-452<\/span><\/h6>\n<h6><span style=\"color: #999999;\">Pellegrini A D. Observing children in theirnatural worlds: A methodological primer. Mahwah. NJ: Erlbaum, 1996<\/span><\/h6>\n<h6><span style=\"color: #999999;\">Perry D G, Perry L C, Kennedy E. Conflictand the development of antisocial behavior. In: C U<\/span><\/h6>\n<h6><span style=\"color: #999999;\">Salmivalli C, Nieminen E. Proactive andReactive Aggression Among School Bullies, Victims, and Bully-Victims.AggressiveBehavior [J], 2002, 28: 30~44<\/span><\/h6>\n<h6><span style=\"color: #999999;\">Salmivalli, Christina. Bullying and thepeer group\uff1aA review [J].Aggression and Violent Behavior\uff0c2010\uff0cVol.15\uff1a112-120<\/span><\/h6>\n<h6><span style=\"color: #999999;\">Schwartz D, McFayden-Ketchum S A, Dodge KA, Bates J E. Peer group victimization as a predictor of children\u2019sbehaviorproblems at home and in school. Development Psychopathology [J], 1999,10: 87~99<\/span><\/h6>\n<h6><span style=\"color: #999999;\">Shantz, W W Hartup ed. Conflict inchild andadolescent development. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992. 301~329<\/span><\/h6>\n<h6><span style=\"color: #999999;\">Smith, Judy. Bullies, Victims andBystanders: A Method of In-School Intervention and Possible, ParentalContributions [J], Child Psychiatry and Human Development September 1999, Vol.30, Issue 1, pp 29\u201337<\/span><\/h6>\n<h6><span style=\"color: #999999;\">Tark, Jongyeon &amp; Kleck, Gary. 2014. Resistingrape: the effects of victim self-protection on rape completion and injury. ViolenceAgainst Women 23(3): 270-292<\/span><\/h6>\n<h6><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6587\u4e2d\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u6807\u6ce8\u4e0d\u51c6\u786e\u6216\u6709\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7591\u95ee\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7559\u8a00\uff0c\u53d1\u8868\u65f6\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u5168\u88ab\u5220\u4e86\uff09<\/span><\/h6>\n<p><span style=\"color: #808080;\">\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u53f7 duanmuyi_<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #808080;\">\u539f\u6807\u9898\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8bf4\u201c\u6253\u56de\u53bb\u201d\u662f\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u53cd\u6821\u56ed\u9738\u51cc\u8bdd\u8bed<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; \u3010\u89c2\u70b9\u6458\u8981\u3011\uff1a\u8ba9\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u7279\u522b\u662f\u6559\u80b2\u8005\uff0c\u6765\u5e72\u9884\u6821\u56ed\u9738\u51cc\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u628a\u513f\u7ae5\u4fdd\u62a4\u7528\u201c\u6253\u56de\u53bb\u201d\u4e09\u4e2a\u5b57\u7529\u7ed9\u9700\u8981\u4fdd [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":996,"featured_media":546909,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","ampforwp-amp-on-off":"","home_featured":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[9203,18271,18269],"tags":[25160,30481,30500,32146],"class_list":["post-546899","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blogs","category-level-2","category-recommend-article","tag-25160","tag-30481","tag-30500","tag-32146","et-has-post-format-content","et_post_format-et-post-format-standard"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/546899","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/996"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=546899"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/546899\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/546909"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=546899"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=546899"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=546899"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}