{"id":602767,"date":"2018-12-30T21:57:24","date_gmt":"2018-12-31T05:57:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/?p=602767"},"modified":"2018-12-30T22:00:27","modified_gmt":"2018-12-31T06:00:27","slug":"%e7%9f%ad%e5%8f%b2%e8%ae%b0-%e5%8d%8e%e6%b4%8b%e4%b9%89%e8%b5%88%e4%bc%9a%ef%bc%9a%e4%b8%80%e4%b8%aa%e4%b8%8d%e8%af%a5%e8%a2%ab%e9%81%97%e5%bf%98%e7%9a%84%e6%85%88%e5%96%84%e7%bb%84%e7%bb%87","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/602767.html","title":{"rendered":"\u77ed\u53f2\u8bb0 | \u534e\u6d0b\u4e49\u8d48\u4f1a\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u8be5\u88ab\u9057\u5fd8\u7684\u6148\u5584\u7ec4\u7ec7"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u6587 | \u9ec4\u5bb6\u6768<\/p>\n<p>\u6c11\u56fd\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4f17\u591a\u6c11\u95f4\u6148\u5584\u793e\u56e2\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c 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class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u56fe\uff1a1911\u5e74\u67d0\u201c\u534e\u6d0b\u4e49\u8d48\u4f1a\u201d\u5728\u5b89\u5fbd\u6551\u6d4e\u707e\u6c11<\/p><\/div>\n<p>1920\u5e74\u5317\u65b9\u5927\u65f1\uff0c\u707e\u6c11\u8fbe2000\u4f59\u4e07\uff0c\u4ee5\u201c\u534e\u6d0b\u4e49\u8d48\u4f1a\u201d\u4e3a\u540d\u7684\u4e2d\u5916\u5408\u4f5c\u6148\u5584\u8d48\u707e\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u4e5d\u4e2a\u4e4b\u591a\u30021922\u5e7411\u6708\uff0c\u6148\u5584\u754c\u4eba\u58eb\u7528\u534e\u5317\u8d48\u707e\u7684\u4f59\u6b3e\uff0c\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6148\u5584\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5408\u5e76\u4e3a\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u201c\u534e\u6d0b\u4e49\u8d48\u4f1a\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u52301935\u5e74\uff0c\u534e\u6d0b\u4e49\u8d48\u6551\u707e\u603b\u4f1a\u7684\u4e0b\u5c5e\u4f1a\u5458\uff0c\u5df2\u6709\u5341\u4f59\u4e2a\u4e4b\u591a\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u5c71\u4e1c\u3001\u6cb3\u5357\u3001\u6e56\u5317\u3001\u9655\u897f\u3001\u6c5f\u897f\u3001\u56db\u5ddd\u3001\u8d35\u5dde\u3001\u4e91\u5357\u3001\u7518\u8083\u3001\u7ee5\u8fdc\u7684\u534e\u6d0b\u4e49\u8d48\u4f1a\u548c\u626c\u5b50\u987e\u95ee\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff0c\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u56fd\u5185\u6700\u5927\u7684\u6148\u5584\u8d48\u707e\u56e2\u4f53\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e49\u8d48\u4f1a\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u9632\u707e\u8d48\u707e\u3001\u63a8\u8fdb\u519c\u6751\u5408\u4f5c\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u5de5\u4f5c\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u521d\u671f\u504f\u91cd\u4e8e\u5317\u65b9\uff0c\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u5728\u6cb3\u5317\u519c\u6751\u5f00\u5c55\u5408\u4f5c\u8fd0\u52a8\u30021931\u5e74\u53d7\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u59d4\u6258\uff0c\u5728\u5b89\u5fbd\u3001\u6c5f\u897f\u65bd\u653e\u519c\u8d48\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u76f8\u7ee7\u5728\u5357\u4eac\u3001\u4e0a\u6d77\u3001\u5b89\u5e86\u3001\u5357\u660c\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e8b\u52a1\u6240\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u91cd\u5fc3\u9010\u6e10\u5357\u79fb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u81ea\u6210\u7acb\u52301939\u5e74\uff0c\u4e49\u8d48\u4f1a\u7684\u8d48\u6b3e\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u6765\u81ea\u4e09\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\uff081\uff09\u653f\u5e9c\u62e8\u6b3e\u3002\u56e0\u529e\u8d48\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e30\u5bcc\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u58f0\u8a89\u9ad8\uff0c\u4e49\u8d48\u4f1a\u5e38\u53d7\u653f\u5e9c\u59d4\u6258\uff0c\u4ece\u4e8b\u8d48\u707e\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c1920\u5e74\u534e\u5317\u65f1\u707e\u548c1931\u5e74\u6c5f\u6dee\u6c34\u707e\u6551\u6d4e\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u8d48\u707e\u6b3e\u9879\u7ea6\u4e3a570\u4f59\u4e07\u5143\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff082\uff09\u56fd\u5185\u5916\u6350\u6b3e\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u534e\u6d0b\u4e49\u8d48\u4f1a\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u57fa\u91d1\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u56fd\u5916\u6350\u6b3e\u5360\u4e86\u7edd\u5927\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4ee5\u6765\u81ea\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u6350\u6b3e\u4e3a\u6700\u591a\u3002\u5982\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ea2\u5341\u5b57\u4f1a\u3001\u534e\u707e\u534f\u6d4e\u4f1a\u7b49\uff0c\u7ed9\u4e86\u534e\u6d0b\u4e49\u8d48\u4f1a\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u534e\u707e\u534f\u6d4e\u4f1a\u524d\u540e\u6350\u6b3e1177\u4f59\u4e07\u5143\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff083\uff09\u94f6\u884c\u8d37\u6b3e\u30021931\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4e49\u8d48\u4f1a\u4e0e\u94f6\u884c\u591a\u6709\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u4e3e\u529e\u5408\u4f5c\u793e\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u519c\u6751\u653e\u6b3e\uff0c\u989d\u5ea6\u6709\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_602771\" style=\"width: 373px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/files\/2018\/12\/\u534e\u6d0b\u4e49\u8d48\u4f1a2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-602771\" class=\"size-full wp-image-602771\" src=\"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/files\/2018\/12\/\u534e\u6d0b\u4e49\u8d48\u4f1a2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"363\" height=\"429\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/files\/2018\/12\/\u534e\u6d0b\u4e49\u8d48\u4f1a2.jpg 363w, https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/files\/2018\/12\/\u534e\u6d0b\u4e49\u8d48\u4f1a2-254x300.jpg 254w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 363px) 100vw, 363px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-602771\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u56fe\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u88f4\u4e49\u7406\uff08Joseph Bailie\uff09\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u9ad8\u7b49\u519c\u4e1a\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u62d3\u8352\u8005\uff0c\u521b\u529e\u4e86\u91d1\u9675\u5927\u5b66\u519c\u5b66\u9662\uff0c1916\u5e74\u52a0\u5165\u201c\u534e\u5317\u534e\u6d0b\u4e49\u8d48\u4f1a\u201d\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u9632\u707e\u91cd\u4e8e\u6551\u707e\u3002<\/p><\/div>\n<p>1920\u5e74\u8d48\u6d4e\u534e\u5317\u707e\u533a\u7684\u6559\u8bad\uff0c\u6df1\u523b\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u534e\u6d0b\u4e49\u8d48\u4f1a\u7684\u8d48\u707e\u7406\u5ff5\u3002\u8d48\u4f1a\u540c\u4ec1\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5f53\u5e74\u7684\u8d48\u707e\u6cbb\u6807\u4e0d\u6cbb\u672c\uff0c\u8d48\u6b3e\u53d1\u653e\u5b8c\u6bd5\u540e\uff0c\u707e\u6c11\u7684\u5904\u5883\u5e76\u65e0\u6839\u672c\u6539\u5584\uff0c\u6545\u800c\uff0c\u9632\u707e\u624d\u662f\u6551\u707e\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u9632\u707e\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u60f3\u529e\u6cd5\u589e\u52a0\u519c\u6c11\u7684\u6536\u5165\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u62e5\u6709\u79ef\u84c4\uff0c\u8db3\u4ee5\u62b5\u6297\u5929\u707e\uff1a<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u201c\u519c\u6c11\u7a77\u56f0\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u707e\u8352\u4e4b\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u82e5\u519c\u6c11\u5bcc\u88d5\uff0c\u7eb5\u6709\u51f6\u5c81\uff0c\u4ea6\u4e0d\u81f4\u6210\u707e\u3002\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7b49\u5904\uff0c\u7edd\u672a\u95fb\u519c\u7530\u6b49\u6536\u800c\u519c\u6c11\u6d41\u79bb\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4e4b\u4e8b\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u51e1\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u519c\u6c11\u589e\u52a0\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u8bbe\u65bd\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u9632\u707e\u7684\u6548\u80fd\uff1b\u5174\u529e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5c31\u662f\u9632\u707e\u3002\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u8d48\u6d4e\u4f1a\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u9632\u707e\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>(1)\u4ee5\u5de5\u4ee3\u8d48\uff0c\u5174\u529e\u6c34\u5229\u5de5\u7a0b\u6539\u5584\u6392\u704c\uff0c\u5174\u4fee\u9053\u8def\u6539\u5584\u4ea4\u901a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>(2)\u5728\u519c\u6751\u5efa\u7acb\u4e92\u52a9\u6027\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_602772\" style=\"width: 510px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/files\/2018\/12\/\u534e\u6d0b\u4e49\u8d48\u4f1a3.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-602772\" class=\"wp-image-602772\" src=\"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/files\/2018\/12\/\u534e\u6d0b\u4e49\u8d48\u4f1a3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"372\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/files\/2018\/12\/\u534e\u6d0b\u4e49\u8d48\u4f1a3.jpg 1080w, https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/files\/2018\/12\/\u534e\u6d0b\u4e49\u8d48\u4f1a3-300x223.jpg 300w, https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/files\/2018\/12\/\u534e\u6d0b\u4e49\u8d48\u4f1a3-768x571.jpg 768w, https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/files\/2018\/12\/\u534e\u6d0b\u4e49\u8d48\u4f1a3-1024x761.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-602772\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u56fe\uff1a1925\u5e74\uff0c\u534e\u6d0b\u4e49\u8d48\u4f1a\u8bf7\u6c42\u5317\u6d0b\u653f\u5e9c\u62ff\u51fa\u201c\u6d77\u5173\u9644\u6350\u201d\u62ef\u6551\u201c\u5168\u56fd\u707e\u9ece\u201d\uff0c\u6863\u6848\u5f15\u81ea\u53f0\u6e7e\u201c\u8fd1\u4ee3\u53f2\u6863\u6848\u9986\u201d\u7f51\u7ad9\u3002<\/p><\/div>\n<p><strong>\u6210\u5c31\u4e0e\u65e0\u5948<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u7b51\u8def\u3001\u6cbb\u6cb3\u3001\u4fee\u6e20\u3001\u6398\u4e95\uff0c\u5bf9\u519c\u6751\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u5efa\u8bbe\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e49\u8d48\u4f1a\u5728\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6295\u5165\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u8d22\u529b\u7269\u529b\u3002\u5305\u62ec\u6210\u7acb\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u80a1\uff0c\u8058\u8bf7\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u5854\u5fb7\u4e3a\u603b\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u5bf9\u8fd9\u7c7b\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u5efa\u8bbe\u8fdb\u884c\u52d8\u5bdf\u3001\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001\u8bba\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e49\u8d48\u4f1a\u662f\u5f53\u5e74\u552f\u4e00\u62e5\u6709\u5de5\u7a0b\u6280\u672f\u90e8\u95e8\u548c\u4e13\u4e1a\u5de5\u7a0b\u6280\u672f\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u6148\u5584\u673a\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u707e\u5bb3\u53d1\u751f\u540e\uff0c\u4e49\u8d48\u4f1a\u4e00\u822c\u91c7\u53d6\u4ee5\u5de5\u4ee3\u8d48\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5728\u5f53\u5730\u7ec4\u7ec7\u707e\u6c11\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u519c\u6751\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u5efa\u8bbe\u3002\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u65e2\u80fd\u6551\u6d4e\u707e\u6c11\uff0c\u53c8\u80fd\u6539\u5584\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u751f\u6d3b\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff081\uff09\u4fee\u6574\u9053\u8def\u7ea64000\u82f1\u91cc\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u516c\u8def\u5efa\u8bbe\uff0c\u5e73\u65f6\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5f53\u5730\u519c\u6c11\u8131\u8d2b\uff0c\u707e\u65f6\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u8fc5\u901f\u8c03\u5165\u6551\u6d4e\u7269\u8d44\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1923\u5e74\uff0c\u534e\u6d0b\u4e49\u8d48\u6551\u707e\u603b\u4f1a\u5728\u6e56\u5357\u4fee\u7b51\u6e58\u6f6d\u516c\u8def\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6e56\u5357\u7701\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\u516c\u8def\uff0c\u5efa\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u4e49\u8d48\u4f1a\u53c8\u8d1f\u8d23\u517b\u8def10\u5e74\u3002\u8fd9\u6761\u8def\uff0c\u5728\u7b51\u9020\u8d28\u91cf\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u6548\u76ca\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5747\u582a\u79f0\u5f53\u65f6\u6e56\u5357\u7701\u7684\u201c\u6837\u677f\u8def\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u540e\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u5236\u5b9a\u7b51\u8def\u8ba1\u5212\u65f6\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u4f1a\u9009\u62e9\u5148\u4e0e\u534e\u6d0b\u4e49\u8d48\u4f1a\u53d6\u5f97\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ee5\u6c42\u5f97\u5230\u6280\u672f\u4e0e\u8d44\u91d1\u4e0a\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8d35\u5dde\u7701\u7684\u5b89\u987a-\u8d35\u9633-\u8d64\u6c34\u516c\u8def\uff0c\u5168\u957f350\u82f1\u91cc\uff0c\u662f\u534e\u6d0b\u4e49\u8d48\u4f1a\u5174\u529e\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u9879\u5927\u578b\u4ee5\u5de5\u4ee3\u8d48\u5de5\u7a0b\u3002\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e8e1927\u5e74\u52a8\u5de5\uff0c\u53c2\u52a0\u7b51\u8def\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u4f17\u591a\uff0c\u4ec51928\u5e741\u6708\u5373\u8fbe20\u4e07\u4eba\u3002\u8be5\u8def\u4fee\u901a\u540e\uff0c\u8d35\u5dde\u7701\u7684\u516c\u8def\u4ea4\u901a\u4e0e\u957f\u6c5f\u6c34\u8def\u5b9e\u73b0\u8054\u8fd0\uff0c\u4e91\u8d35\u516c\u8def\u4e5f\u5b9e\u73b0\u8054\u7f51\uff0c\u6781\u5927\u4fbf\u5229\u4e86\u4e91\u8d35\u9ad8\u539f\u4e0e\u5916\u754c\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1928\u5e74\u897f\u5317\u65f1\u707e\uff0c\u534e\u6d0b\u4e49\u8d48\u4f1a\u4ecd\u91c7\u7528\u4ee5\u5de5\u4ee3\u8d48\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5728\u5173\u4e2d\u4fee\u7b51\u4e86\u5305\u62ec\u897f\u5170\u516c\u8def\uff08\u6c9f\u901a\u9655\u897f\u3001\u7518\u8083\u4e24\u7701\u7701\u4f1a\uff09\u5728\u5185\u7684\u591a\u6761\u516c\u8def\u3002\u539f\u6765\u81ea\u897f\u5b89\u81f3\u5170\u5dde\uff0c\u4ea4\u901a\u5341\u5206\u4e0d\u4fbf\uff0c\u5355\u7a0b\u970018\u5929\uff0c\u516c\u8def\u5efa\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u89813\u5929\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u636e\u4e49\u8d48\u4f1a\u603b\u5e72\u4e8b\u7ae0\u5143\u5584\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c\u622a\u81f31933\u5e74\uff0c\u8fd912\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u8be5\u4f1a\u65b0\u7b51\u53ca\u4fee\u8865\u9053\u8def\uff0c\u5171\u8ba1\u7ea64000\u82f1\u91cc\u3002<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_602773\" style=\"width: 350px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/files\/2018\/12\/\u534e\u6d0b\u4e49\u8d48\u4f1a4.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-602773\" class=\"wp-image-602773\" src=\"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/files\/2018\/12\/\u534e\u6d0b\u4e49\u8d48\u4f1a4.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"340\" height=\"509\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/files\/2018\/12\/\u534e\u6d0b\u4e49\u8d48\u4f1a4.jpg 677w, https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/files\/2018\/12\/\u534e\u6d0b\u4e49\u8d48\u4f1a4-200x300.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-602773\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u56fe\uff1a\u534e\u6d0b\u4e49\u8d48\u4f1a\u603b\u5e72\u4e8b\u7ae0\u5143\u5584<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\uff082\uff09\u7b51\u6e20\u7ea6500\u4f59\u82f1\u91cc<\/p>\n<p>\u6e05\u672b\u6c11\u521d\uff0c\u897f\u5317\u3001\u534e\u5317\u5c61\u906d\u5927\u65f1\u30021928\uff5e1930\u5e74\u6301\u7eed\u4e09\u5e74\u7684\u897f\u5317\u5927\u65f1\u707e\u9020\u6210\u8d64\u5730\u5343\u91cc\uff0c\u997f\u6b8d\u8f7d\u9053\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u6551\u707e\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e49\u8d48\u4f1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5f53\u52a1\u4e4b\u6025\u662f\u7528\u4ee5\u5de5\u4ee3\u8d48\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5174\u4fee\u6c34\u5229\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u624d\u80fd\u517c\u987e\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u6551\u707e\u4e0e\u957f\u8fdc\u7684\u9632\u707e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9655\u897f\u7684\u6cfe\u60e0\u6e20\uff0c\u4e0e\u7ee5\u8fdc\u7684\u6c11\u751f\u6e20\uff0c\u662f\u4e49\u8d48\u4f1a\u5f53\u5e74\u63a8\u52a8\u5efa\u6210\u7684\u4e24\u9879\u5927\u578b\u6c34\u5229\u5de5\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6cfe\u60e0\u6e20\u5de5\u7a0b\uff0c\u662f\u4e0e\u9655\u897f\u5f53\u5c40\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u4fee\u590d\u4e86\u6c49\u4ee3\u7684\u53e4\u6e20\uff0c\u6765\u704c\u6e89\u5173\u4e2d\u7684\u9ea6\u7530\u3002\u5de5\u7a0b\u5386\u65f65\u5e74\uff0c\u8017\u8d44\u767e\u4e07\u5143\uff0c\u5efa\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u704c\u6e89\u9762\u79ef\u7ea6\u8fbe59\u4e07\u4ea9\u3002\u540e\u7ecf\u6574\u4fee\uff0c\u704c\u6e89\u80fd\u529b\u53c8\u6709\u6269\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6c11\u751f\u6e20\u5de5\u7a0b\uff0c\u662f\u4e0e\u7ee5\u8fdc\u7701\u653f\u5e9c\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u5174\u4fee\u7684\u4e00\u6761\u5927\u578b\u704c\u6e20\uff0c\u5f15\u9ec4\u6cb3\u6c34\u704c\u6e89\u9634\u5c71\u5357\u5761\u7684\u5927\u5e73\u539f\u3002\u6e20\u53e3\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5305\u5934\u53bf\u78f4\u53e3\u9547\u4e1c\u53572.5\u516c\u91cc\uff0c\u5e72\u6e20\u957f60\u516c\u91cc\uff0c\u5411\u4e1c\u6ce8\u5165\u9ed1\u6cb3\u3002\u4e8e1929\u5e74\u590f\u52a8\u5de5\uff0c1931\u5e746\u670822\u65e5\u5b8c\u5de5\u653e\u6c34\u3002\u65f6\u4eba\u8bc4\u4ef7\u8fd9\u4e00\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e3a\u201c\u665a\u8fd1\u8d48\u707e\u4e8b\u4e1a\u4e2d\u4e4b\u6700\u582a\u79f0\u8ff0\u8005\u201d\uff0c\u53ef\u704c\u6e89\u519c\u753060\u4e07\u4ea9\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u51cf\u7f13\u6cb3\u5317\u65f1\u60c5\uff0c\u4e49\u8d48\u4f1a\u4ece1924\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u7b79\u5212\uff0c\u6b32\u5728\u6c38\u5b9a\u6cb3\u4e0a\u4fee\u5efa\u5f15\u6c34\u5e72\u6e20\u3002\u56e0\u79cd\u79cd\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u8be5\u5de5\u7a0b\u5ef6\u8fdf\u81f31927\u5e743\u6708\u624d\u6b63\u5f0f\u5f00\u5de5\uff0c\u4e8e1929\u5e74\u5efa\u6210\u653e\u6c34\uff0c\u6e20\u5e72\u957f17\u516c\u91cc\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u652f\u6e20\u5171\u957f52\u516c\u91cc\uff0c\u53ef\u704c\u6e89\u9762\u79ef\u7ea6\u4e3a7\u4e07\u4ea9\uff0c\u8017\u8d4413\u4e07\u5143\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u636e\u4e49\u8d48\u4f1a\u603b\u5e72\u4e8b\u7ae0\u5143\u5584\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c\u622a\u81f31933\u5e74\uff0c\u8be5\u4f1a\u5171\u7b51\u6e20\u7ea6500\u4f59\u82f1\u91cc\u3002<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_602774\" style=\"width: 376px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/files\/2018\/12\/\u534e\u6d0b\u4e49\u8d48\u4f1a5.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-602774\" class=\"size-full wp-image-602774\" src=\"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/files\/2018\/12\/\u534e\u6d0b\u4e49\u8d48\u4f1a5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"366\" height=\"488\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/files\/2018\/12\/\u534e\u6d0b\u4e49\u8d48\u4f1a5.jpg 366w, https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/files\/2018\/12\/\u534e\u6d0b\u4e49\u8d48\u4f1a5-225x300.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 366px) 100vw, 366px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-602774\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u56fe\uff1a\u534e\u6d0b\u4e49\u8d48\u4f1a\u7684\u603b\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4ebaOliver J. Todd\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u8be5\u4f1a\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6c34\u5229\u3001\u516c\u8def\u5de5\u7a0b\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\uff083\uff09\u6398\u4e95\u7ea66000\u4f59\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u534e\u5317\u53d1\u653e\u51ff\u4e95\u8d37\u6b3e\uff0c\u5f15\u5bfc\u519c\u6c11\u6398\u4e95\u6297\u65f1\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e49\u8d48\u4f1a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6551\u707e\u63aa\u65bd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1929\u5e74\u5180\u3001\u9c81\u5927\u65f1\uff0c\u4e49\u8d48\u4f1a\u62e8\u6b3e10\u4e07\u7f8e\u91d1\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e24\u7701\u6398\u4e95\u8d44\u91d1\uff0c\u5171\u6398\u4e951936\u53e3\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u5728\u6cb3\u5317\u90af\u90f8\u53ca\u5b9a\u53bf\u4e00\u5e26\u6253\u4e953000\u53e3\uff0c\u5728\u6b63\u5b9a\u7b51\u84c4\u6c34\u6c60100\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1930\u5e74\uff0c\u4e49\u8d48\u4f1a\u8bbe\u7acb\u201c\u4e95\u8d37\u201d\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5180\u3001\u9c81\u4e24\u7701\u6398\u4e95\u6297\u65f1\u7684\u4e13\u9879\u8d44\u91d1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u636e\u7ae0\u5143\u5584\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c\u622a\u81f31933\u5e74\uff0c\u8be5\u4f1a\u5171\u8ba1\u6398\u4e956000\u4f59\u53e3\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6574\u7406\u6cb3\u9053\u3001\u6d77\u5858\uff0c\u65b0\u7b51\u6216\u7ef4\u4fee\u5824\u5cb8\u7ea6780\u82f1\u91cc\u3002<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_602775\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/files\/2018\/12\/\u534e\u6d0b.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-602775\" class=\"wp-image-602775\" src=\"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/files\/2018\/12\/\u534e\u6d0b.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"440\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-602775\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u56fe\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u4ebaJohn Earl Baker\u662f\u534e\u6d0b\u4e49\u8d48\u4f1a\u7684\u8d48\u707e\u884c\u52a8\u4e3b\u4efb\uff0c1957\u5e747\u670827\u65e5\u53bb\u4e16\uff0c\u56fe\u4e3a\u7ebd\u7ea6\u65f6\u62a5\u6b21\u65e5\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u8ba3\u544a\uff08\u5f88\u9057\u61be\u672a\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u4ed6\u7684\u6e05\u6670\u7167\u7247\uff09<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\uff084\uff09\u6276\u690d\u8bf8\u591a\u5408\u4f5c\u793e\uff0c\u4e3a\u519c\u6c11\u63d0\u4f9b\u957f\u671f\u4f4e\u606f\u8d37\u6b3e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1922\u5e741\u6708\uff0c\u4e49\u8d48\u4f1a\u8bbe\u519c\u5229\u59d4\u529e\u4f1a\uff0c\u7531\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u6234\u4e50\u4ec1\u4efb\u4e3b\u5e2d\uff0c\u5f00\u5c55\u519c\u6751\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u4ee55000\u5143\u8d44\u672c\u8bd5\u529e\u519c\u6c11\u501f\u8d37\u5904\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e49\u8d48\u4f1a\u6240\u529e\u5408\u4f5c\u793e\uff0c\u5f62\u5f0f\u591a\u6837\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u5411\u519c\u6751\u653e\u6b3e\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u519c\u6c11\u6025\u5207\u9700\u8981\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u8d44\u91d1\uff0c\u7f13\u89e3\u9ad8\u5229\u8d37\u5728\u519c\u6751\u7684\u6a2a\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1922\u5e748\u6708\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd1\u4ee3\u53f2\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u519c\u6751\u4fe1\u7528\u5408\u4f5c\u793e\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u6cb3\u5317\u9999\u6cb3\u53bf\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u798f\u97f3\u5802\u30021924\u5e74\uff0c\u8be5\u5408\u4f5c\u793e\u7ecf\u68c0\u9a8c\u5408\u683c\uff0c\u4e49\u8d48\u4f1a\u6b63\u5f0f\u5411\u5176\u653e\u6b3e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u52301935\u5e74\uff0c\u6cb3\u5317\u670997\u4e2a\u53bf\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u6709\u4e49\u8d48\u4f1a\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u793e\uff0c\u5408\u4f5c\u793e\u6570\u91cf\u5171\u8ba12600\u4f59\u4e2a\uff08\u6ce8\uff1a\u5e76\u975e\u6240\u6709\u5728\u4e49\u8d48\u4f1a\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e0b\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u793e\uff0c\u90fd\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u4e49\u8d48\u4f1a\u7684\u6b63\u5f0f\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u8981\u88ab\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8fbe\u6210\u5f88\u591a\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u4e0b\u540c\uff09\uff0c\u6709\u7ea65.45\u4e07\u4eba\u53c2\u52a0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1931\u5e74\uff0c\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u4e3a\u6551\u6d4e\u6c5f\u6dee\u6c34\u707e\u707e\u6c11\uff0c\u628a\u90e8\u5206\u6551\u6d4e\u5de5\u4f5c\u59d4\u6258\u7ed9\u534e\u6d0b\u4e49\u8d48\u4f1a\uff0c\u5408\u4f5c\u793e\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u53c8\u88ab\u5e26\u5230\u4e86\u5b89\u5fbd\u3001\u6c5f\u897f\u3001\u6e56\u5357\u3001\u6e56\u5317\u7b49\u7701\u3002\u622a\u6b621935\u5e74\u5e95\uff0c\u5b89\u5fbd\u7701\u5171\u6709\u5408\u4f5c\u793e3826\u4e2a\uff0c\u6c5f\u897f\u7701940\u4e2a\uff0c\u6e56\u5357\u7701794\u4e2a\uff0c\u6e56\u5317\u7701766\u4e2a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5408\u4f5c\u793e\u80fd\u591f\u5438\u5f15\u519c\u6c11\u53c2\u52a0\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e49\u8d48\u4f1a\u7684\u653e\u6b3e\u5927\u90fd\u662f\u957f\u671f\u4f4e\u606f\u8d37\u6b3e\u6709\u5173\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6297\u6218\u524d\uff0c\u5168\u56fd\u571f\u5730\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u66fe\u8c03\u67e5\u5168\u56fd16\u7701\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u5404\u79cd\u91d1\u878d\u673a\u6784\u5728\u519c\u6751\u7684\u653e\u6b3e\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u5e74\u5229\u591a\u57282\u5206~4\u5206\uff0c4\u5206\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8005\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9c9c\u89c1\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u751a\u81f3\u9ad8\u8fbe10\u5206\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e14\u591a\u4e3a\u77ed\u671f\u3002\u800c\u4e49\u8d48\u4f1a\u7684\u8d37\u6b3e\u5e74\u5229\uff0c\u5bf9\u5408\u4f5c\u793e\u53ea\u67091\u52062\u5398\uff0c\u5408\u4f5c\u793e\u8d37\u7ed9\u793e\u5458\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u8d85\u8fc72\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_602776\" style=\"width: 510px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/files\/2018\/12\/\u534e\u6d0b\u4e49\u8d48\u4f1a6.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-602776\" class=\"wp-image-602776\" src=\"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/files\/2018\/12\/\u534e\u6d0b\u4e49\u8d48\u4f1a6.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"357\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/files\/2018\/12\/\u534e\u6d0b\u4e49\u8d48\u4f1a6.jpg 600w, https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/files\/2018\/12\/\u534e\u6d0b\u4e49\u8d48\u4f1a6-300x214.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-602776\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u56fe\uff1a1937\u5e749\u6708\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u534e\u6d0b\u4e49\u8d48\u4f1a\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u5728\u5c71\u4e1c\u83cf\u6cfd\u5730\u9707\u73b0\u573a\u89c6\u5bdf\u707e\u60c5\uff0c\u5411\u707e\u6c11\u8be2\u95ee\u53d7\u707e\u60c5\u5f62\u3002<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\uff085\uff09\u529e\u8d48\u7ecf\u5e38\u8d39\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ca\u8d48\u8d39\u76844.5%<\/p>\n<p>\u4e49\u8d48\u4f1a\u73cd\u60dc\u8d48\u6b3e\uff0c\u529e\u7406\u8d48\u52a1\u7684\u7ecf\u5e38\u8d39\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ca\u5168\u90e8\u8d48\u8d39\u76844.5%\uff08\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e3b\u8981\u5f52\u529f\u4e8e\u4e49\u8d48\u4f1a\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u8d22\u52a1\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u5176\u8d22\u52a1\u6536\u652f\u7531\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u5317\u4eac\u6c64\u751f\u6d0b\u884c\u8d1f\u8d23\u5ba1\u8ba1\u3002\u5ba1\u8ba1\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u5728\u5404\u5e74\u5ea6\u7684\u8d48\u52a1\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\u516c\u5e03\uff0c\u7531\u4e2d\u5916\u4eba\u58eb\u76d1\u7763\u3002<\/p>\n<div 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class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u56fe\uff1a\u6881\u5982\u6d69\uff0c\u66fe\u4efb\u534e\u6d0b\u4e49\u8d48\u4f1a\u4f1a\u957f<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\u534e\u6d0b\u4e49\u8d48\u4f1a\u5728\u6c11\u56fd\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u662f\u72ec\u4e00\u65e0\u4e8c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b83\u6240\u4f20\u9012\u7684\u6148\u5584\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e0e\u6240\u4ece\u4e8b\u7684\u6148\u5584\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5bf9\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6709\u7740\u6781\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u793a\u8303\u6548\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u300a\u5927\u516c\u62a5\u300b\u5f53\u5e74\uff0c\u66fe\u5982\u6b64\u8bc4\u4ef7\u534e\u6d0b\u4e49\u8d48\u4f1a\uff1a<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u201c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u6148\u5584\u7684\u6551\u6d4e\u4e8b\u4e1a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6709\u5efa\u8bbe\u6027\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e8b\u4e1a\uff0c\u2026\u2026\u5176\u4e8b\u4e1a\u7686\u79d1\u5b66\u5316\uff0c\u4e3b\u6301\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u4e13\u5bb6\uff0c\u66f4\u80fd\u672c\u4e00\u8d2f\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u6709\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u7ee7\u7eed\u52aa\u529b\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0e\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u5e94\u770b\u505a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6211\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u4e4b\u6700\u5927\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u4e8b\u4e1a\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u4ee5\u6b64\u4e3a\u699c\u6837\u3002\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u6218\u4e89\u7206\u53d1\u540e\uff0c\u534e\u6d0b\u4e49\u8d48\u4f1a\u88ab\u65e5\u519b\u89c6\u4f5c\u654c\u5bf9\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u88ab\u8feb\u505c\u6b62\u5728\u6ca6\u9677\u533a\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5c06\u4eba\u5458\u53ca\u8d44\u6599\u5185\u8fc1\u81f3\u5927\u540e\u65b9\uff0c\u4e3a\u5176\u4ed6\u516c\u76ca\u793e\u56e2\u63d0\u4f9b\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1945\u5e74\uff0c\u534e\u6d0b\u4e49\u8d48\u4f1a\u590d\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1949\u5e74\u590f\uff0c\u7ae0\u5143\u5584\u5728\u4e0a\u6d77\u767b\u62a5\uff0c\u5ba3\u5e03\u534e\u6d0b\u4e49\u8d48\u4f1a\u89e3\u6563\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e00\u6c11\u56fd\u6700\u5927\u7684\u6c11\u95f4\u6148\u5584\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u81ea\u6b64\u8fdb\u5165\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u88ab\u5c18\u57c3\u63a9\u57cb\u3002<\/p>\n<div 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