![\"\"](\"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/files\/2019\/02\/image_from_ios.png\")
<\/p>\n\u7f8e\u56fd\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u88f4\u5b9c\u7406\uff08Elizabeth J. Perry\uff09\u8fd1\u65e5\u53d1\u8868\u58f0\u660e\uff0c\u5426\u8ba4\u4e00\u7bc7\u76db\u8d5e\u524d\u4e2d\u5171\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u7531\u5979\u6240\u5199\u3002\u56fe\u4e3a\u6590\u5b9c\u7406\u7684\u58f0\u660e\u3002\uff08\u53d6\u81ea\u7f51\u8def\uff09<\/p>\n
\u4e2d\u592e\u793e108\u5e742\u670826\u65e5<\/p>\n
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\u6b64\u524d\uff0c\u524d\u7ebd\u897f\u5170\u603b\u7406\u5e0c\u666e\u5229\uff08Jenny Shipley\uff09\u624d\u906d\u9022\u300c\u88ab\u7f72\u540d\u300d\u7684\u7a98\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n
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\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u519c\u4e1a\u5927\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u6700\u5927\u4eba\u53e3\u5927\u56fd\u7684\u5403\u996d\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n \u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u63d0\u51fa\u300c\u6c34\u5229\u662f\u519c\u4e1a\u7684\u547d\u8109\u300d\uff0c\u5168\u56fd\u5927\u641e\u519c\u7530\u57fa\u672c\u5efa\u8bbe\uff0c\u4fee\u5efa8\u4e074\u5343\u5ea7\u6c34\u5e93\u300117\u4e07\u516c\u91cc\u6cb3\u5824\uff0c\u65b0\u589e3\u4ebf\u4ea9\u704c\u6e89\u9762\u79ef\uff0c\u628a\u704c\u6e89\u52a8\u529b\u4ece12.8\u4e07\u9a6c\u529b\u589e\u52a0\u52307122\u4e07\u9a6c\u529b\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u4ea7\u7cae\u533a\u65f1\u707e\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e3a\u7cae\u98df\u589e\u4ea7\u6253\u4e0b\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u4fee\u51e0\u4e07\u4e2a\u6c34\u5e93\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6838\u7b97\u8981\u51e0\u4e07\u4ebf\u4eba\u6c11\u5e01\uff0c\u522b\u4eba\u60f3\u90fd\u4e0d\u6562\u60f3\uff1f\u5f53\u65f6\u6781\u7aef\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u9760\u4eba\u529b\u6765\u505a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ed6\u5374\u5947\u8ff9\u822c\u529e\u5230\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n \u5316\u80a5\u4ece\u65e0\u5230\u6709\u8fbe\u52301000\u4e07\u5428\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u7cae\u98df\u589e\u4ea7\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u4e2d\u7f8e\u5173\u7cfb\u6539\u5584\u540e\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u5c31\u7740\u624b\u4ece\u56fd\u5916\u8d2d\u4e70\u5316\u80a5\u751f\u4ea7\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c1973\u5e74\u5728\u5168\u56fd\u4fee\u5efa\u5341\u4e09\u4e2a\u5927\u578b\u5316\u80a5\u5382\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5316\u80a5\u5382\u4e8e1977\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\u9646\u7eed\u6295\u4ea7\uff0c\u5316\u80a5\u7684\u4f9b\u7ed9\u95ee\u9898\u6700\u7ec8\u89e3\u51b3\u3002<\/p>\n \u6742\u4ea4\u6c34\u7a3b\u57f9\u80b2\u6210\u529f\u4e8e1974\u5e74\uff0c\u5c0f\u9ea6\u826f\u79cd\u57f9\u80b2\u4e5f\u59cb\u4e8e\u90a3\u65f6\u3002\u4f18\u826f\u54c1\u79cd\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u7cae\u98df\u589e\u4ea7\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u8981\u7d20\u3002\u4f7f\u7cae\u98df\u4ea7\u91cf\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e8630%\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5927\u9762\u79ef\u80b2\u79cd\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5176\u63a8\u5e7f\u5e94\u7528\u5219\u5728\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u53bb\u4e16\u540e\u76841979\u52301985\u5e74\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u9762\u79ef\u9010\u5e74\u6269\u5927\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7cae\u98df\u603b\u4ea7\u91cf\u51e0\u4e4e\u5e74\u5e74\u5927\u5e45\u589e\u957f\u3002<\/p>\n \u6b63\u662f\u6c34\u5229\u3001\u4f18\u826f\u54c1\u79cd\u548c\u5316\u80a5\u4e09\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u624d\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u73b0\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7cae\u98df\u548c\u526f\u98df\u54c1\u7684\u5145\u8db3\u4f9b\u5e94\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u8863\u98df\u65e0\u5fe7\uff1b\u800c\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u7684\uff0c\u540e\u4eba\u53ea\u662f\u5750\u4eab\u5176\u6210\u7f62\u4e86\u3002\u6beb\u4e0d\u5938\u5f20\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u51e0\u5343\u5e74\u6765\u5403\u996d\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7a81\u7834\u662f\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u6253\u4e0b\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff01\u800c\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u571f\u5730\u79c1\u6709\u5316\uff08\u51e0\u5343\u5e74\u90fd\u662f\u571f\u5730\u79c1\u6709\u5316\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6ca1\u89e3\u51b3\u5403\u996d\u95ee\u9898\uff1f\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n \uff08\u4e09\uff09\u53ef\u4e0a\u4e5d\u5929\u63fd\u6708\u2014\u2014\u4ee5\u6781\u77ed\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4f7f\u79d1\u6280\u8fdb\u5165\u4e16\u754c\u5148\u8fdb\u884c\u5217\u3002<\/p>\n \u5728\u79d1\u6280\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u96c6\u4e2d\u529b\u91cf\u641e\u79d1\u6280\uff0c\u5927\u6279\u9ad8\u7cbe\u5c16\u5de5\u4e1a\u8bbe\u5907\u3001\u5927\u578b\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u3001\u4eba\u5de5\u5408\u6210\u57fa\u56e0\u7b49\uff0c1964\u5e74\u7b2c\u4e00\u679a\u539f\u5b50\u5f39\u8bd5\u9a8c\u6210\u529f\uff0c1967\u5e74\u751f\u4ea7\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u679a\u6c22\u5f39\uff0c1970\u5e74\u628a\u4e00\u9897\u536b\u661f\u8fdb\u4e86\u8f68\u9053\u3002\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u4e0e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u7518\u82e6\uff0c\u641e\u51fa\u4e86\u4e24\u5f39\u4e00\u661f\uff01\u6838\u6f5c\u8247\u3001\u5404\u79cd\u55b7\u6c14\u5f0f\u98de\u673a\uff0c\u6c7d\u8f66\u3001\u706b\u8f66\u548c\u8f6e\u8239\uff0c\u536b\u661f\u3001\u98de\u5f39\u3001\u539f\u5b50\u5f39\u6837\u6837\u4ff1\u5168\u3002\u5426\u5219\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u662f\u5f31\u56fd\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u53d7\u7f8e\u5e1d\u5236\u88c1\uff01\u4e2d\u56fd\u300c\u65b0\u56db\u5927\u53d1\u660e\u300d\u5168\u90e8\u4ea7\u751f\u4e8e\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u65f6\u4ee3\uff1a\u6742\u4ea4\u6c34\u7a3b\uff0c\u6c49\u5b57\u96f7\u5c04\u7167\u6392\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u5408\u6210\u80f0\u5c9b\u7d20\uff0c\u590d\u65b9\u84bf\u7532\u919a.<\/p>\n \u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\u8ddf\u7cbe\u82f1\u4eec\u5236\u9020\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bf4\uff0c\u300c\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547d\u300d\u662f\u5341\u5e74\u6d69\u52ab\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5230\u4e86\u5d29\u6e83\u8fb9\u7f18\u3002\u800c\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u662f\uff0c\u6bcf\u5929\u90fd\u6709\u65b0\u6210\u957f\uff0c\u4ec5\u6458\u5f55\u300a\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u53f2\u8bb0\u300b\u4e2d1974\u5e74\u7684\u5927\u4e8b\uff1a<\/p>\n 2\u670823\u65e5\u6c49\u6c5f\u4e39\u53e3\u6c34\u5229\u67a2\u7ebd\u521d\u671f\u5de5\u7a0b\u5efa\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n 3\u670820\u65e5\u6211\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u82582.5\u4e07\u5428\u7ea7\u6d6e\u8239\u575e\u300c\u9ec4\u5c71\u53f7\u300d\u5728\u4e0a\u6d77\u5efa\u6210\u6295\u4ea7\u3002<\/p>\n 3\u670822\u65e5\u6210\u6606\u94c1\u8def\u5efa\u6210\u901a\u8f66\u3002<\/p>\n 4\u670823\u65e5\u533b\u7597\u5668\u68b0\u5de5\u4e1a\u83b7\u5f97\u8f83\u5927\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u94c1\u9053\u5175\u4fee\u5efa\u9752\u85cf\u3001\u5357\u7586\u94c1\u8def\u3002<\/p>\n 5\u67085\u65e5\u4e2d\u56fd\u81ea\u5df1\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001\u5236\u9020\u548c\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u5927\u578b\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u70bc\u6cb9\u88c5\u7f6e\u5728\u5357\u4eac\u77f3\u5316\u5382\u5efa\u6210\u6295\u4ea7\u3002<\/p>\n 5\u670815\u65e5\u6211\u56fd\u5728\u534e\u5317\u4e1c\u90e8\u5efa\u6210\u5927\u6e2f\u6cb9\u7530\u3002<\/p>\n 5\u670816\u65e5\u5e7f\u4e1c\u7701\u67ab\u6811\u575d\u6c34\u7535\u7ad9\u5efa<\/p>\n 7\u67085\u65e5\u5929\u6d25\u65b0\u6cb3\u8239\u5382\u5efa\u6210\u4e2d\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u8258\u5927\u578b\u8d77\u91cd\u8239\u3002<\/p>\n 7\u670815\u65e5\u9ec4\u9f99\u6ee9\u6c34\u7535\u7ad9\u5728\u6e56\u5317\u5efa\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n 8\u670815\u65e5\u81ea\u884c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u5355\u673a4000\u9a6c\u529b\u4ea4\u76f4\u6d41\u7535\u4f20\u52a8\u5185\u71c3\u673a\u8f66\u6210\u6279\u751f\u4ea7\u3002<\/p>\n 8\u670831\u65e5\u5927\u8fde\u7ea2\u65d7\u9020\u8239\u5382\u5efa\u62102.48\u4e07\u5428\u6cb9\u8f6e\u300c\u5927\u5e8661\u53f7\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n 9\u670812\u65e5\u54c8\u5c14\u6ee8\u5236\u621030\u4e07\u5343\u74e6\u6c34\u8f6e\u53d1\u7535\u673a\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n 9\u670813\u65e5\u4e2d\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u5ea75\u4e07\u5428\u7ea7\u6cb9\u7801\u5934\u5728\u6e5b\u6c5f\u6e2f\u5efa\u6210\u5e76\u4ea4\u4ed8\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n 9\u670815\u65e5\u9752\u94dc\u5ce1\u6c34\u5229\u67a2\u7ebd\u5de5\u7a0b\u57fa\u672c\u5efa\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n 9\u670821\u65e5\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e00\u5ea7\u6c34\u69fd\u53cc\u58c1\u6c89\u4e95\u87ba\u65cb\u5f0f\u5347\u964d\u7684\u5927\u578b\u7164\u6c14\u50a8\u6c14\u67dc\u5efa\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n 9\u670825\u65e5\u6e58\u9ed4\u94c1\u8def\u5efa\u6210\u901a\u8f66\u3002<\/p>\n 9\u670829\u65e5\u5efa\u6210\u53c8\u4e00\u5927\u6cb9\u7530\u2014\u2014\u80dc\u5229\u6cb9\u7530\u3002<\/p>\n 10\u67082\u65e5\u4e0a\u6d77\u5236\u6210\u4e2d\u56fd\u6700\u5927\u7684\u7ad6\u4e95\u94bb\u673a\u3002<\/p>\n 12\u670827\u65e5\u5927\u5e86\u81f3\u79e6\u7687\u5c9b\u8f93\u6cb9\u7ba1\u9053\u5efa\u6210\u8f93\u6cb9\u3002<\/p>\n \u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u975e\u4f46\u4e0d\u300c\u5d29\u6e83\u300d\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u6bd4\u4e16\u754c\u5217\u5f3a\u53d1\u5c55\u8fd8\u8981\u5feb\uff01\u90a3\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u817e\u98de\uff0c\u4eba\u5fc3\u9f50\uff0c\u6cf0\u5c71\u79fb\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u9ad8\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u8f89\u714c\u5947\u8ff9\uff01\u52301976\u5e74\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u4ed9\u901d\u65f6\uff0c\u5df2\u62e5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u5f53\u5168\u9762\u7684\u533b\u7597\u4fdd\u5065\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u5728\u6240\u6709\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\u90fd\u662f\u72ec\u4e00\u65e0\u4e8c\u7684\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u5747\u5bff\u547d\u4ece1949\u5e74\u5e73\u574735\u5c81\u5230\u4e8665\u5c81\u3002<\/p>\n 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\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u6539\u5f00\u7684\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u548c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u8d77\u70b9\u76f8\u5dee\u5341\u4e07\u516b\u5343\u91cc\uff0c\u4ece\u8d22\u5bcc\u5b9a\u5f8b\u53ef\u77e5\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u5728\u5de8\u4eba\u7684\u80a9\u8180\u4e0a\u8d77\u98de\u7684\uff01\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5956\u5f97\u4e3b\u3001\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u88f4\u5b9c\u7406\u8bf4\uff1a\u300c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u817e\u98de\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u662f\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u6253\u4e0b\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u53d6\u5f97\u5982\u6b64\u8f89\u714c\u6210\u5c31\uff01\u300d<\/p>\n 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\u4e8c\u3001\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u4f53\u5236\uff0c\u662f\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u7684\u4f1f\u5927\u53d1\u660e<\/p>\n \u7ecf\u6d4e\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u53d6\u5f97\u5982\u6b64\u8f89\u714c\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u662f\u548c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u535a\u5927\u7cbe\u6df1\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u9876\u7ea7\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u5929\u624d\u7684\u6cbb\u56fd\u7b56\u7565\u5206\u4e0d\u5f00\u7684\uff0c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8def\u7ebf\uff0c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u3002\u4e16\u4e0a\u6ca1\u6709\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u653f\u6cbb\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u60f3\u50cf\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f1a\u5c06\u7231\u56fd\u8005\u98de\u5f39\u51fa\u552e\u7ed9\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u54ea\u6015\u4f60\u51fa\u53cc\u500d\u4ef7\u94b1\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u5148\u8fdb\u6280\u672f\u51fa\u552e\u7ed9\u300c\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u654c\u4eba\u300d\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\uff01<\/p>\n \uff08\u4e00\uff09\u4eba\u6c11\u5f53\u5bb6\u4f5c\u4e3b\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236<\/p>\n 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\u300c\u4e00\u4e94\u300d\u8ba1\u5212\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\uff1a\u96c6\u4e2d\u529b\u91cf\u8fdb\u884c\u4ee5156\u4e2a\u5efa\u8bbe\u9879\u76ee\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3001\u7531694\u4e2a\u5927\u4e2d\u578b\u5efa\u8bbe\u9879\u76ee\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u5efa\u8bbe\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u521d\u6b65\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u96c6\u4f53\u6240\u6709\u5236\u7684\u519c\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u5408\u4f5c\u793e\uff0c\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\u5bf9\u519c\u4e1a\u548c\u624b\u5de5\u4e1a\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u6539\u9020\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u628a\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u5de5\u5546\u4e1a\u5206\u522b\u7eb3\u5165\u5404\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8f68\u9053\uff0c\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\u5bf9\u79c1\u8425\u5de5\u5546\u4e1a\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u6539\u9020\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n 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3\uff0e\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e94\u5e74\u8ba1\u5212\uff1a<\/p>\n \u300c\u4e09\u4e94\u300d\u8ba1\u5212\u5404\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6307\u6807\u90fd\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u8ba1\u5212\u3002\u5de5\u519c\u4e1a\u603b\u4ea7\u503c\u8d85\u989d16.2-14.1%\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u65b0\u589e\u4ea7\u54c1\u80fd\u529b\uff1a\u7164\u70ad\u5f00\u91c76806\u4e07\u5428\uff0c\u53d1\u7535\u673a\u7ec4\u5b58\u91cf860.4\u4e07\u5343\u74e6\uff0c\u77f3\u6cb9\u5f00\u91c72777\u4e07\u5428\uff0c\u70bc\u94a2652.7\u4e07\u5428\uff0c\u94c1\u77ff\u5f00\u91c73590.1\u4e07\u5428\uff0c\u65b0\u5efa\u94c1\u8def\u91cc\u7a0b3894\u516c\u91cc\uff0c\u65b0\u5efa\u516c\u8def31223\u516c\u91cc\uff0c\u6cbf\u6d77\u6e2f\u53e3\u541e\u5410\u80fd\u529b1191\u4e07\u5428\u3002<\/p>\n 4\uff0e\u7b2c\u56db\u4e2a\u4e94\u5e74\u8ba1\u5212\uff1a<\/p>\n 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