\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u5f90\u8d32\u8457\u300a\u9893\u5e9f\u4e0e\u6c89\u9ed8:\u900f\u89c6\u72ac\u5112\u6587\u5316\u300b\uff0c\u4e1c\u65b9\u51fa\u7248\u793e<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u73b0\u4ee3\u72ac\u5112\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7279\u5f81\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u770b\u7a7f\u201d\uff1a\u770b\u7a7f\u4eba\u6027\u7684\u81ea\u79c1\u81ea\u5229\uff0c\u770b\u7a7f\u4e00\u5207\u5236\u5ea6\u90fd\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u516c\u6b63(\u603b\u662f\u4e3a\u67d0\u4e9b\u4eba\u7684\u79c1\u5229\u670d\u52a1)\uff0c\u770b\u7a7f\u4e00\u5207\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u77eb\u9970\u548c\u865a\u4f2a(\u65e0\u975e\u662f\u88ab\u67d0\u4e9b\u4eba\u5229\u7528\u6765\u63a9\u76d6\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u79c1\u5229)\u3002\u72ac\u5112\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e4b\u5f0a\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8e\u201c\u770b\u7a7f\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u4e8e\u201c\u770b\u7a7f\u4e00\u5207\u201d\u3002\u4e0d \u52a0\u5206\u8fa8\u3001\u4e0d\u5206\u9752\u7ea2\u7682\u767d\u5730\u770b\u7a7f\u4e00\u5207\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d8\u6210\u4e0d\u52a0\u601d\u8003\u3001\u6ca1\u6709\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u53ea\u51ed\u6761\u4ef6\u53cd\u5c04\u7684\u8bf4\u201c\u4e0d\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u72ac\u5112\u88ab\u79f0\u4f5c\u4e60\u60ef\u6027\u72ac\u5112(routine cynicism)\u3001\u4e0d\u601d\u8003\u72ac\u5112(unthinking cynicism)\u6216\u6c38\u52a8 \u578b\u72ac\u5112(perpetual cynicism)\u3002\u51ef\u5c14\u5fb7\u7ef4\u5c14\u5c31\u72ac\u5112\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u201c\u770b\u7a7f\u4e00 \u5207\u201d\u4e4b\u8bef\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u72ac\u5112\u4e3b\u4e49\u5728(\u793e\u4f1a\u6587\u5316)\u4e2d\u6709\u5b83\u7684\u4e00\u5e2d\u4e4b\u5730\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u6d1e\u5bdf\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u4e0e\u6240\u505a\u7684\u4e0d\u7b26\uff0c\u8fd9\u7ecf\u5e38\u662f\u6709\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u9002\u5b9c\u7684\u3002\u4f46 \u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u4e60\u60ef\u6027\u72ac\u5112\u4e00\u6982\u800c\u8bba\uff0c\u65e0\u89c6\u90a3\u4e9b\u80fd\u591f\u8a00\u884c\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e60\u60ef\u6027\u72ac\u5112\u4e27\u5931\u4e86\u5224\u65ad\u72ac\u5112\u4f55\u65f6\u9002\u5b9c\u4f55\u65f6\u4e0d\u9002\u5b9c\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00 \u79cd\u81ea\u52a8\u7684\u72ac\u5112\uff0c\u5bf9\u5584\u548c\u6076\u4e4b\u95f4\u7070\u8272\u5730\u5e26\u7684\u7ec6\u5fae\u53d8\u5316\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u611f\u89c9\u3002\u201d\u4e60\u60ef\u6027\u72ac\u5112\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u5e94\u8be5\u6000\u7591\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u5e94\u8be5\u4fe1\u4efb\uff0c \u4ec0\u4e48\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u6000\u7591\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8981\u5b88\u62a4\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4eba\u4eec\u4e60\u60ef\u6027\u5730\u72ac\u5112\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5929\u751f\u5c31\u4ec0\u4e48\u90fd\u6000\u7591\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u90fd\u4e0d\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6027\u7684\u5b9a\u578b\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4eba\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u65ad\u62b1\u6709\u5e0c\u671b\uff0c\u53c8\u4e0d\u65ad\u5931\u671b\u548c\u5e7b\u706d\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u624d\u7d22\u6027\u653e\u5f03\u5e0c\u671b\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u72ac\u5112\u7684\u3002\u53ef\u60b2\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u72ac\u5112\u770b\u7a7f\u4e00\u5207\uff0c\u4e5f\u770b\u7a7f\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5e0c\u671b\uff0c\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u903c\u8fdb\u4e86\u7edd\u671b\u7684\u6b7b\u89d2\u3002\u72ac\u5112\u56e0\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\u662f\u73af\u5883\u548c\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u3002\u51ef\u5c14\u5fb7\u7ef4\u5c14 \u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u5c61\u5c61\u5931\u671b\u80fd\u81ea\u52a8\u4ea7\u751f\u72ac\u5112\u4e3b\u4e49\u2026\u2026\u72ac\u5112\u4ee5\u524d\u4ec0\u4e48\u90fd\u89c1\u8bc6\u8fc7 \u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u7684\u89c4\u5212\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u548c\u7406\u60f3\u90fd\u63d0\u51fa\u6765\u8fc7\uff0c\u5c61\u8bd5\u5c61\u8d25\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\uff0c\u65e0\u4e0d\u90fd\u662f\u7a7a\u6d1e\u7684\u53e3\u60e0\u3002\u2026\u2026\u7ec8\u4e8e\u53ea\u80fd\u7528\u72ac\u5112\u4e3b\u4e49\u5bf9\u5f85\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u8fd8\u8981\u591a\u8bf4\u4ec0\u4e48?\u5e72\u561b\u8fd8\u8d39\u5fc3\u601d\u53bb\u60f3\u5b83?\u80af\u5b9a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u2026\u2026\u72ac\u5112\u4e00\u65e6\u6210\u4e3a\u4e60\u60ef\uff0c\u53d8\u6210\u81ea\u52a8\u800c\u4e0d\u52a0\u601d\u8003\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u518d\u6709\u6839\u636e\uff0c\u518d\u903b\u8f91\u5408\u7406\u7684\u8bf4\u670d\uff0c\u60f3\u5f71\u54cd\u5b83\u4e5f\u90fd\u662f\u6789\u7136\u3002\u201d\u901a\u8fc7\u516c\u5171\u5bf9\u8bdd\uff0c\u8bf4\u7406\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u613f\u610f\u601d\u8003\u7684\u72ac\u5112\u53d8\u5f97\u4e0d\u90a3\u4e48\u72ac\u5112\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e60\u60ef\u6027\u7684\u72ac\u5112\u5374\u6beb\u65e0\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e60\u60ef\u6027\u7684\u72ac\u5112\u5904\u5904\u53ea\u770b\u5230\u5371\u9669\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u5371\u9669\u610f\u8bc6\u9519\u4e71\uff0c\u4e3a\u6c42\u5b89\u5168\u800c\u628a\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u89c6\u4e3a\u5371\u9669\u7684\u4eba\u53cd\u800c\u4f1a\u66f4\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u4f20\u5a92\u5b66\u8005\u4e9a\u4e43\u7279(Ronald C. Arnett)\u548c\u4e9a\u52d2\u68ee(Pat Arneson)\u5728\u300a\u72ac\u5112\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd\u6587\u660e\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u91cc\u79f0\u4e60\u60ef\u6027\u72ac\u5112\u4e3a\u201c\u5728\u601d\u8003\u5177\u4f53\u60c5\u51b5\u4e4b\u524d\u5c31\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u201d\u3002\u4e60\u60ef\u6027\u72ac\u5112\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5371\u9669\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4f7f\u4eba\u4e27\u5931 \u5bf9\u751f\u5b58\u5b89\u5168\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u201c\u4e60\u60ef\u6027\u72ac\u5112\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u670b\u53cb\u7684\u5584\u610f\u89c6\u800c\u4e0d\u89c1\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5bdf\u8fa8\u751f\u6d3b\u91cc\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5230\u5e95\u5e94\u8be5\u5173\u6ce8\u54ea\u4e9b\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u505a\u51fa\u4f55\u79cd\u53cd\u5e94\u201d\u3002A \u8fd9\u4e24\u4f4d\u4f20\u5a92\u5b66\u8005\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u72ac\u5112\u4e3b\u4e49\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u6c42\u751f\u7684\u5fc3\u6001\u201d(survival mentality)\uff0c\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u6709\u5408\u7406\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u53cd\u5bf9\u7684\u662f\u4e60\u60ef\u6210\u81ea\u7136\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u601d\u8003\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u7684\u975e\u7406\u6027\u6761\u4ef6\u53cd\u5c04\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u4e60\u60ef\u7684\u3001\u5e73\u5eb8\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u52a0\u601d\u8003\u7684\u72ac\u5112\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u91cc\uff0c\u786e\u5b9e\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u3001\u6559\u6388\u3001\u4e13\u5bb6\u5728\u8bf4\u5047\u8bdd\uff0c\u7528\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u5b66\u672f\u201d\u6765\u53d6\u60a6\u548c\u6295\u9760\u6743\u529b\u548c\u5f53\u6743\u8005\uff0c\u8c0b\u53d6\u79c1\u5229\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ee5\u8c8c\u4f3c\u9ad8\u6df1\u3001\u6e0a\u535a\u3001\u7cbe\u81f4\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5305\u88c5\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u7528\u5e38\u8bc6 \u5c31\u80fd\u770b\u7a7f\u7684\u8c0e\u8a00\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u751a\u81f3\u8fd8\u76f8\u5f53\u201c\u5bcc\u6709\u521b\u610f\u201d\uff0c\u5584\u4e8e\u201c\u7406\u8bba\u66f4 \u65b0\u201d\uff0c\u6216\u6709\u201c\u7406\u8bba\u5efa\u6811\u201d\u3002\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u6ca1\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u7528\u7406\u8bba\u53bb\u9a73\u65a5\u548c\u5bf9\u6297 \u4ed6\u4eec\uff0c\u6700\u7b80\u4fbf\u6709\u6548\u7684\u53cd\u6297\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c31\u662f\u5168\u7136\u4e0d\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u5168\u7136\u5426\u5b9a\u6240\u6709\u7684 \u4e13\u5bb6\u610f\u89c1\u3002\u4e60\u60ef\u6027\u72ac\u5112\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u5bf9\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u672c\u6765\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u5174 \u8da3\uff0c\u53ea\u5173\u5fc3\u81ea\u5df1\u65e5\u5e38\u7ecf\u9a8c\u548c\u611f\u53d7\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u4f9d\u636e\u7684\u662f \u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5e38\u8bc6\u3002\u5c0f\u8d29\u9093\u6b63\u52a0\u88ab\u57ce\u7ba1\u7528\u79e4\u7823\u7838\u5728\u5934\u9885\u4e0a\u81f4\u6b7b\uff0c\u6cd5\u533b\u8bf4\u662f\u201c\u5916\u529b\u4f5c\u7528\u201d\u5bfc\u81f4\u6b7b\u8005\u201c\u7578\u5f62\u8840\u7ba1\u7834\u88c2\u201d\u51fa\u8840\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u50cf\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u201c\u4e13\u4e1a\u610f\u89c1\u201d\u8fdd\u53cd\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u7684\u5e38\u8bc6\u2014\u2014\u7838\u4eba\u5934\uff0c\u6b7b\u4e86\u4eba\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u602a\u4eba \u5bb6\u5934\u9885\u751f\u5f97\u4e0d\u597d\uff0c\u4e5f\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u9020\u6210\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u5bf9\u4e13\u5bb6\u548c\u4e13\u5bb6\u610f\u89c1\u7684\u4e60\u60ef \u6027\u72ac\u5112\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u6885\u5179\u62c9(David Mazella)\u5728\u300a\u73b0\u4ee3\u72ac\u5112\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u91cc\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u72ac\u5112\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0d\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\u53d7\u5230\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u4e0a\u5148\u5df2\u7ecf\u753b\u5730\u4e3a\u7262\uff0c\u81ea\u884c\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u81ea\u7531\u601d\u8003\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u5728\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u5bf9\u7acb\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u73b0\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5bf9\u624b\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u4e00\u6982\u81ea\u52a8\u8bf4\u201c\u4e0d\u201d\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u72ac\u5112\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u5b83\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u201c\u51e1\u662f\u2018\u654c\u4eba\u2019\u8d5e\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u8981\u53cd\u5bf9\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u2018\u654c\u4eba\u2019\u7684\u654c\u4eba\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u201d\u3002 \u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5728\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u72ac\u5112\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u4e0d\u300b \u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u4e4b\u4e00\u5b8b\u5f3a\u5728\u63a5\u53d7\u300a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u91c7\u8bbf\u65f6\u8bf4\uff0c\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u4eba\u6c11\u5f53\u7136\u90fd\u6e34\u671b\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u6c11\u4e3b\u3002\u8bb0\u8005\u95ee\u5b8b\u5f3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u6b63\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u8981\u8bf4\u7684 \u5417?\u5b8b\u5f3a\u7b54\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u5373\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u538b\u8feb\u8005(\u7f8e\u56fd) \u6765\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u6307\u51fa\u3002\u201dB \u4ed6\u4e60\u60ef\u6027\u5730\u9884\u5148\u8bbe\u5b9a\u6279\u8bc4\u8005\u662f\u201c\u654c\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u7ba1\u6279\u8bc4\u5f97\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5bf9\uff0c\u90fd\u65ad\u7136\u62d2\u7edd\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e88\u63a5\u53d7\u3002\u5c31\u63a5\u53d7\u4e60\u60ef\u6027\u7684\u72ac\u5112\u4e3b\u4e49\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u548c\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u592a\u5927\u7684\u5dee\u522b\u3002<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
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