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\u671dMinneapolis, Minnesota\u7b2c\u56db\u8b66\u5c40\u9032\u767c\u7684\u793a\u5a01\u8005 (Credit: Fibonnaci Blue\/Flickr)<\/p><\/div>\n

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\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u767d\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u72ec\u7acb\u5ba3\u8a00\u8c61\u5f81\u7740\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u56fd\u6c11\u7406\u5ff5\ufe55\u300c\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u771f\u7406\u662f\u4e0d\u8bc1\u81ea\u660e\u7684\ufe55\u4eba\u4eba\u751f\u800c\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u9020\u7269\u4e3b\u8d4b\u4e88\u4ed6\u4eec\u82e5\u5e72\u4e0d\u53ef\u5265\u593a\u7684\u6743\u5229\u2026\u300d(\u201cWe hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, and they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights\u2026\u201d)\u3002\u8457\u540d\u6f14\u8bf4\u5bb6\u53ca\u524d\u9ed1\u5974Frederick Douglass\u5374\u57281852\u5e74\u7f8e\u56fd\u72ec\u7acb\u65e5\u7684\u6f14\u8bf4\u4e2d\uff0c\u5ba3\u79f0\u6ca1\u6709\u6bd4\u8fd9\u4e00\u5929\u66f4\u80fd\u7a81\u663e\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u53ca\u4f2a\u5584\u3002\u6bd5\u7adf\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5dde\u5206\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u80fd\u56e2\u7ed3\u7acb\u56fd\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u81ea\u7531\u5dde\u5728\u9ed1\u4eba\u4f5c\u4e3a\u300c\u4eba\u300d\u8fd9\u4e0d\u81ea\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u771f\u7406\u4e0a\u4f5c\u51fa\u59a5\u534f\u3002\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u9ed1\u4eba\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u89d2\u5ea6\u53ca\u5386\u53f2\u89c2\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4ece\u6839\u57fa\u4e0a\u5c31\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ece\u5185\u6218\u5230\u6c11\u6743\u8fd0\u52a8\ufe55\u5baa\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e8e\u9ed1\u4eba\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u5f20\u5e9f\u7eb8<\/h3>\n

\u968f\u7740\u7f8e\u56fd\u5185\u6218\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u5baa\u6cd5\u7b2c\u5341\u4e09\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u5e9f\u9664\u5974\u96b6\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u5baa\u6cd5\u7b2c\u5341\u56db\u53ca\u5341\u4e94\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u627f\u8bfa\u9ed1\u4eba\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u53ca\u6295\u7968\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u88ab\u89e3\u653e\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u9ed1\u5974\u5728\u968f\u4e4b\u4ee5\u6765\u77ed\u6682\u7684\u91cd\u5efa\u65f6\u671f(reconstruction era , 1863-1877)\u4e00\u5ea6\u4ee5\u4e3a\u8fce\u6765\u66d9\u5149\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u91cd\u5efa\u65f6\u671f\u4e4b\u521d\uff0c\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u4ee5\u5404\u79cd\u5a01\u8feb\u5229\u8bf1\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u51fa\u52a8\u8054\u90a6\u519b\u961f\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u524d\u84c4\u5974\u5dde\u89e3\u653e\u5176\u9ed1\u5974\u5e76\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u884c\u4f7f\u516c\u6c11\u53ca\u6295\u7968\u6743\u3002\u5728\u91cd\u5efa\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u9ed1\u4eba\u4e00\u65f6\u7eb7\u7eb7\u70ed\u8877\u4ece\u653f\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u9ed1\u4eba\u653f\u5ba2\u5728\u5357\u65b9\u5192\u8d77\u3002\u5357\u65b9\u767d\u4eba\u6df1\u6015\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u653f\u575b\u4e0a\u5931\u52bf\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u6c11\u95f4\u51fa\u73b0\u5982Ku Klux Klan\u7b49\u767d\u4eba\u81f3\u4e0a\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u6b8b\u6740\u6216\u6050\u5413\u610f\u6b32\u53c2\u653f\u6216\u6295\u7968\u7684\u9ed1\u4eba\uff0c\u4ee4\u5357\u65b9\u9ed1\u4eba\u4e0d\u6562\u518d\u6295\u7968\u3002 \u2014\u2014\u4ece19\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u523020\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u671f\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u5357\u5317\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u767d\u4eba\u5bf9\u9ed1\u4eba\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5c11\u6570\u65cf\u88d4(\u5305\u62ec\u4e9a\u88d4\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba)\u884c\u4f7f\u79c1\u5211(lynching)\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u88ab\u5f53\u6210\u7406\u6240\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u884c\u5211\u8005\u4e5f\u5927\u591a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d7\u5904\u7f5a\u3002\u518d\u8fc7\u51e0\u5e74\uff0c\u5317\u65b9\u7684\u767d\u4eba\u4ea6\u5f00\u59cb\u5bf9\u4fdd\u969c\u9ed1\u4eba\u6743\u76ca\u8bae\u9898\u5931\u53bb\u70ed\u8bda\uff0c\u57281877\u5e74\uff0c\u5185\u6218\u7ed3\u675f\u4e0d\u5230\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u8054\u90a6\u519b\u961f\u4fbf\u5168\u9762\u64a4\u51fa\u5357\u65b9\uff0c\u91cd\u5efa\u65f6\u671f\u5ba3\u544a\u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u8054\u90a6\u519b\u961f\u4e00\u64a4\uff0c\u5357\u65b9\u5404\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u968f\u5373\u5de7\u7acb\u540d\u76ee\uff0c\u4ee5\u5404\u79cd\u7eb3\u7a0e\u6216\u8bc6\u5b57\u6761\u4ef6\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u8ddf\u79cd\u65cf\u65e0\u5173\u7684\u6761\u6b3e\u9650\u5236\u9ed1\u4eba\u6295\u7968\u6743\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u8352\u8bde\u7684\u6cd5\u6848\uff0c\u83ab\u8fc7\u4e8e\u7956\u7236\u6761\u6b3e(grandfather clause)\ufe55 \u9664\u975e\u4f60\u7956\u7236\u4e00\u8f88\u6709\u6295\u8fc7\u7968\uff0c\u4e0d\u7136\u4f60\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u6295\u7968\uff0c\u4e00\u4e3e\u628a\u6240\u6709\u521a\u88ab\u89e3\u653e\u7684\u9ed1\u5974\u6392\u9664\u5728\u5916\u3002\u79cd\u79cd\u6cd5\u5236\u5185\u5916\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u8fd0\u7528\uff0c\u4f7f\u5357\u65b9\u9ed1\u4eba\u7684\u6295\u7968\u7387\u5728\u6570\u5e74\u95f4\u8dcc\u81f3\u4f4e\u4e8e1%\uff0c\u6295\u7968\u6743\u5f62\u540c\u865a\u8bbe\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5357\u65b9\u7684\u9ed1\u4eba\u5728\u89e3\u653e\u540e\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u5185\u6218\u540e\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5de5\u5382\u5747\u4e0d\u613f\u4ee5\u300c\u81ea\u7531\u4eba\u300d\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u96c7\u7528\u9ed1\u4eba\uff0c\u9ed1\u4eba\u65e0\u4f55\u5948\u53ef\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u751f\u8ba1\u53ea\u80fd\u91cd\u8fd4\u79cd\u690d\u56ed\uff0c\u88ab\u56ed\u4e3b\u4ee5\u8ddf\u5974\u96b6\u65e0\u5f02\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u91cd\u65b0\u8058\u7528\u3002\u4f7f\u5176\u5904\u5883\u96ea\u4e0a\u52a0\u971c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5404\u5dde\u5206\u57281890\u5e74\u4ee3\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4fd7\u79f0Jim Crow Laws\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u8ba9\u5b66\u6821\u5546\u5e97\u53ca\u4ea4\u901a\u5de5\u5177\u7b49\u5747\u80fd\u62d2\u7edd\u63a5\u5f85\u767d\u4eba\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\uff0c\u800c1896\u5e74\u7f8e\u56fd\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u66f4\u5728Ferguson\u6848\u88c1\u5b9a\u9694\u79bb\u653f\u7b56\u5408\u5baa\uff0c\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e4b\u540e\u516d\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u8def\u7ebf\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8981\u8bf4\u7f8e\u56fd\u9ed1\u4eba\u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u524d\u540e\u8fd1\u4e00\u767e\u5e74\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u5b66\u4f1a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u5baa\u6cd5\u4e2d\u660e\u6587\u8d4b\u4e88\u4ed6\u4eec\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u4ee3\u8868\u4ed6\u4eec\u80fd\u884c\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6743\u5229\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u767d\u4eba\u4e0e\u9ed1\u4eba\u6743\u529b\u7ee7\u7eed\u7ef4\u6301\u5728\u6781\u4e0d\u5bf9\u7b49\u7684\u72b6\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5baa\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e8e\u9ed1\u4eba\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u5f20\u5e9f\u7eb8\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9ed1\u4eba\u6c11\u6743\u8fd0\u52a8\ufe55\u516c\u6c11\u6297\u547d\u6d3e\u4e0e\u52c7\u6b66\u72ec\u6d3e\u7684\u8def\u7ebf\u4e4b\u4e89<\/h3>\n

\u9999\u6e2f\u4eba\u8fd1\u5e74\u6df1\u5207\u4f53\u4f1a\u5230\uff0c\u5c31\u7b97\u6cd5\u5236\u518d\u70c2\uff0c\u6cd5\u5236\u5185\u7684\u6297\u4e89\u4e5f\u8981\u5c3d\u505a\u3002\u57281909\u5e74\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u5168\u56fd\u6709\u8272\u4eba\u79cd\u534f\u8fdb\u4f1a(National Association for Advancement of Colored People, \u7b80\u79f0NAACP)\uff0c\u4fbf\u5728\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u5dde\u53ca\u8054\u90a6\u6cd5\u5ead\u4e2d\u634d\u536b\u9ed1\u4eba\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6297\u4e89\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u4e8650\u53ca60\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u9ed1\u4eba\u6c11\u6743\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5960\u57fa\u77f3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u57281954\u5e74\uff0cNAACP\u8fce\u6765\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u6210\u7acb\u4ee5\u5185\u6700\u5927\u7684\u80dc\u4ed7\ufe55\u5728Brown v. Board of Education\u4e00\u6848\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u88c1\u5b9a\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u653f\u7b56\u4e0d\u5408\u5baa\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63a8\u7ffb\u4e86Ferguson\u6848\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u9ed1\u4eba\u5374\u5f88\u5feb\u4f53\u4f1a\u5230\u8fd9\u573a\u80dc\u4ed7\u4ea6\u4ec5\u5c5e\u865a\u5e7b\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u672c\u8eab\u6ca1\u6709\u6267\u884c\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u5357\u65b9\u5404\u5dde\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u51b3\u5b9a\u65e0\u89c6\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u88c1\u51b3\uff0c\u7ee7\u7eed\u884c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u653f\u7b56\u3002 1955\u5e74\uff0c\u9ed1\u4eba\u5973\u6559\u5e08Rosa Park\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u5df4\u4e0a\u5750\u4e86\u5c5e\u4e8e\u767d\u4eba\u7684\u5ea7\u4f4d\u88ab\u62d8\u6355\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e8660\u5e74\u4ee3\u5168\u56fd\u9ed1\u4eba\u516c\u6c11\u6297\u547d(civil disobedience)\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u5951\u673a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7f8e\u56fd\u9ed1\u4eba\u89c6\u516c\u6c11\u6297\u547d\u4e3a\u6b63\u5f53\u53ca\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u5355\u5355\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u793a\u5a01\u65e0\u6cd5\u5e26\u6765\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53\u4ed6\u4eec\u62d2\u7edd\u9075\u5b88\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u6076\u6cd5\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u884c\u4f7f\u7f8e\u56fd\u5baa\u6cd5\u8d4b\u4e88\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5bf9\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u9ed1\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u793a\u5a01\u662f\u96be\u4ee5\u548c\u5e73\u6536\u573a\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u6bcf\u4e00\u573a\u793a\u5a01\u90fd\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u767d\u4eba\u81f3\u4e0a\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u53ca\u8b66\u5bdf\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u9547\u538b\u3002\u6700\u5e7f\u4e3a\u4eba\u77e5\u7684\uff0c\u662fKKK\u591a\u6b21\u5728\u4f2f\u660e\u7ff0\u7684\u9ed1\u4eba\u6559\u5802\u5f15\u7206\u70b8\u5f39\u7684\u884c\u5f84\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u6b21\u66f4\u70b8\u6b7b\u4e86\u56db\u4e2a\u9ed1\u4eba\u5c0f\u5973\u5b69\uff0c\u9ed1\u4eba\u968f\u540e\u4e0a\u8857\u6297\u8bae\u793a\u5a01\uff0c\u5e02\u957f\u5374\u4ee5\u4ed6\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u793a\u5a01\u8bb8\u53ef\u8bc1\u4e3a\u7531\uff0c\u51fa\u52a8\u9ad8\u538b\u6c34\u70ae\u53ca\u8b66\u72ac\u9547\u538b\u793a\u5a01\u8005\uff0c\u62d8\u6355\u903e\u4e8c\u5343\u4eba\u3002 NAACP\u9886\u4102\u9a6c\u4e01\u8def\u5fb7\u91d1\u4e5f\u4e00\u5ea6\u5728\u4f2f\u660e\u7ff0\u6ca6\u4e3a\u9636\u4e0b\u56da\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5176\u8457\u540d\u7684letter from a Birmingham jail\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\u4ed6\u5e0c\u671b\u516c\u6c11\u6297\u547d\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u9ed1\u4eba\u300c\u653e\u5f03\u300d\u53ca\u300c\u52c7\u6b66\u300d\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u8def\u7ebf\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u9a6c\u4e01\u8def\u5fb7\u91d1\u8fc7\u4e8e\u300c\u548c\u7406\u975e\u300d\u7684\u5927\u6709\u4eba\u5728\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e3a\u9999\u6e2f\u52c7\u6b66\u6d3e\u6b4c\u9882\u7684\u9ed1\u8c79\u515a(Black Panthers)\uff0c\u800c\u5f53\u4e2d\u6700\u6709\u540d\u7684\u83ab\u8fc7\u4e8e\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u56fd\u5ea6(Nation of Islam)\u9886\u8896Malcolm X \u3002 Malcolm X\u771f\u6b63\u6fc0\u8fdb\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u4e0d\u6b62\u5728\u4e8e\u5176\u652f\u6301\u9ed1\u4eba\u52c7\u6b66\u81ea\u536b\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u4e8e\u4ed6\u76f8\u4fe1\u9ed1\u4eba\u5e94\u8be5\u72ec\u7acb\u5efa\u56fd\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u4e00\u6b21\u8bbf\u8c08\u4e2d\u9053\ufe55\u300c\u9ed1\u4eba\u662f\u60f3\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u6cd5\u4f8b\u6761\u6587\u4fdd\u969c\u5417\uff1f\u96be\u9053\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u6cd5\u4f8b\u6761\u6587\u8fd8\u4e0d\u591f\u591a\u5417\uff1f\u300d\u5bf9\u4ed6\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5728\u73b0\u5b58\u4f53\u5236\u4e0b\uff0c\u9ed1\u4eba\u767d\u4eba\u6743\u529b\u843d\u5dee\u8fc7\u5927\uff0c\u518d\u591a\u7684\u6cd5\u5236\u6539\u9769\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u4fdd\u969c\u9ed1\u4eba\u6743\u76ca\uff0c\u9ed1\u4eba\u72ec\u7acb\uff0c\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u51fa\u8def\u3002<\/p>\n

\u516c\u6c11\u6297\u547d\u6d3e\u53ca\u72ec\u6d3e\u4e00\u5ea6\u6210\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u9ed1\u4eba\u6297\u4e89\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u7684\u4e24\u5927\u52bf\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u8bbd\u523a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e0d\u8bba\u662f\u90a3\u4e00\u6d3e\u5176\u540e\u90fd\u906d\u9047\u91cd\u521b\u2014\u2014\u9a6c\u4e01\u8def\u5fb7\u91d1\u53caMalcolm X\u4e24\u4eba\u5747\u843d\u5f97\u88ab\u523a\u6740\u8eab\u4ea1\u7684\u4e0b\u573a\u3002\u8fd9\u573a\u8def\u7ebf\u4e4b\u4e89\uff0c\u5374\u5927\u5927\u5f00\u62d3\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u9ed1\u4eba\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u60f3\u50cf\u529b\uff0c\u6297\u4e89\u6846\u67b6\u4ece\u6b64\u4e0d\u518d\u53d7\u9650\u4e8e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7ef4\u6743\u53ca\u548c\u5e73\u793a\u5a01\u4e4b\u5185\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fdb\u6b65\u6d3e\u5728\u9ed1\u4eba\u8bae\u9898\u4e0a\u7684\u7f3a\u5e2d<\/h3>\n

\u8fdc\u8ddd\u800c\u89c2\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u6216\u8bb8\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u6240\u504f\u5dee\u7684\u89e3\u8bfb\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e3a\u9ed1\u4eba\u867d\u7136\u88ab\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u6253\u538b\uff0c\u4f46\u8d77\u7801\u7f8e\u56fd\u8fdb\u6b65\u6d3e\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u4e3a\u9ed1\u4eba\u800c\u6218\u3002\u4ece\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u9ed1\u4eba\u6743\u76ca\u5374\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u8fdb\u6b65\u6d3e\u5ffd\u7565\u6216\u59a5\u534f\u5272\u5e2d\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u572819\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b20\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\uff0c\u9ed1\u4eba\u5de5\u4eba\u591a\u756a\u8981\u6c42\u52a0\u5165\u7f8e\u56fd\u5de5\u4f1a\uff0c\u7531\u767d\u4eba\u5de5\u4eba\u5784\u65ad\u7684\u5de5\u4f1a\u5374\u628a\u4ed6\u4eec\u62d2\u8bf8\u4e8e\u95e8\u5916\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u767d\u4eba\u5de5\u4f1a\u66f4\u5411\u4f01\u4e1a\u53ca\u5de5\u5382\u65bd\u538b\uff0c\u4ee4\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u6562\u96c7\u8bf7\u6216\u664b\u5347\u9ed1\u4eba\u52b3\u5de5\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u8f83\u5f00\u660e\u7684\u5de5\u4f1a\u9886\u8896\uff0c\u4e5f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5e94\u8be5\u4ee5\u52b3\u5de5\u8bae\u9898\u4e3a\u91cd\uff0c\u653e\u5f03\u79cd\u65cf\u8fdb\u6b65\u8bae\u9898\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u5f53\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edfFranklin D. Roosevelt\u572830\u5e74\u4ee3\u63a8\u884cNew Deal\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u6269\u5927\u798f\u5229\u653f\u5e9c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5f97\u5230\u5f53\u65f6\u53cd\u5bf9\u9ed1\u4eba\u6743\u76ca\u7684\u5357\u65b9\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u4eba\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5374\u628a\u9ed1\u4eba\u6452\u9664\u5728\u5404\u5927\u798f\u5229\u653f\u7b56\u4e4b\u5916\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u6ce2\u6f9c\u58ee\u9614\u7684\u6c11\u6743\u8fd0\u52a8\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u9ed1\u4eba\u4f9d\u7136\u5728\u5404\u4e2a\u8fdb\u6b65\u6d3e\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u65e0\u5bb9\u8eab\u4e4b\u5904\u3002\u4ee5\u5973\u6743\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c1970\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u5973\u6743\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u4ee5\u767d\u4eba\u4e2d\u4ea7\u5973\u6027\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u3002\u57281977\u5e74\uff0c\u4e00\u7fa4\u9ed1\u4eba\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u53d1\u8868\u5171\u540c\u58f0\u660e(The Combahee River Collective Statement)\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u767d\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u5bf9\u79cd\u65cf\u548c\u9ed1\u4eba\u5386\u53f2\u53ca\u6587\u5316\u4e0d\u5355\u662f\u4e00\u65e0\u6240\u77e5\u66f4\u662f\u6beb\u65e0\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u4ee4\u4ed6\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u7406\u89e3\u6216\u5904\u7406\u9ed1\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u56e0\u9636\u7ea7\u3001\u79cd\u65cf\u53ca\u6027\u522b\u4ea4\u96c6(intersctional)\u4e4b\u4e0b\u6240\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u538b\u8feb\uff0c\u50ac\u4f7f\u9ed1\u4eba\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u53e6\u8d77\u7089\u7076\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7f8e\u56fd\u9ed1\u4eba\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u56fa\u7136\u4e0d\u662f\u94c1\u677f\u4e00\u5757\ufe55\u9762\u5bf9\u79cd\u79cd\u6392\u6324\u7684\u56de\u5e94\uff0c\u4ea6\u6709\u59a5\u534f\u6d3e\u3001\u6709\u6e29\u548c\u6d3e\u3001\u751a\u6216\u60b2\u89c2\u6d3e(Afro-Pessimism\u6700\u80fd\u4ee3\u8868\u8fd9\u4e00\u6d3e\u4eba\u7684\u89c2\u70b9)\u3002\u4f46\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e9b\u9ed1\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u538b\u8feb\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u4e2a\u522b\u4eba\u58eb\u3001\u515a\u6d3e\u3001\u6216\u6d3e\u522b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u5236\u5ea6\u53ca\u767d\u4eba\u7cbe\u82f1\u9636\u5c42\uff1b\u5373\u4f7f\u5bf9\u7740\u5f00\u660e\u8fdb\u6b65\u6d3e\uff0c\u9ed1\u4eba\u4e5f\u81ea\u89c9\u4e0d\u6b20\u4ed6\u4eec\u3002\u800c\u9ed1\u4eba\u82e5\u8981\u8131\u79bb\u538b\u8feb\uff0c\u5c31\u53ea\u6709\u6297\u4e89\u81ea\u6551\u4e00\u9014\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u4ee3\u538b\u8feb\ufe55\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u53ea\u8bf4Black Lives Matter<\/h3>\n

\u65f6\u4ee3\u6f14\u8fdb\uff0c\u5728\u5199\u6ee1\u6cd5\u4f8b\u6761\u6587\u7684\u7eb8\u5f20\u4e0a\uff0c\u9ed1\u4eba\u7684\u6743\u76ca\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6108\u6765\u6108\u5f97\u5230\u4fdd\u969c\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u4e3a\u6574\u4e2a\u653f\u5236\u7684\u6267\u884c\u673a\u5173\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u767d\u4eba\u7cbe\u82f1\u9636\u5c42\u628a\u6301\uff0c\u800c\u8fdb\u6b65\u6d3e\u5f80\u5f80\u628a\u9ed1\u4eba\u6743\u76ca\u95ee\u9898\u653e\u5728\u6b21\u4f4d\uff0c\u9ed1\u4eba\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u95ee\u9898\u5374\u4f9d\u7136\u60ac\u800c\u672a\u51b3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u653f\u7b56\u4e0d\u518d\u5408\u5baa\u540e\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u5dde\u53ca\u5e02\u653f\u5e9c\u91c7\u53d6\u66f4\u7ec6\u5fae\u7684\u884c\u653f\u624b\u6cd5\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u8fdd\u5baa\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u963b\u6b62\u9ed1\u4eba\u4e70\u5230\u8f83\u8d44\u6e90\u5145\u6c9b\u7684\u5730\u6bb5\u7684\u623f\u5c4b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u770b\u5230\u5f88\u591a\u5dde\u5206\u4e2d\uff0c\u9ed1\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u805a\u5c45\u4e8e\u8d44\u6e90\u6700\u8d2b\u4e4f\u7684\u5730\u533a\u4e2d\u3002\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u5b66\u6821\u3001\u533b\u9662\u53ca\u5404\u79cd\u8bbe\u5907\u8d28\u7d20\u5f80\u5f80\u8ddf\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u8d44\u6e90\u6302\u52fe\uff0c\u9ed1\u4eba\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u6216\u533b\u7597\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u4ee4\u9ed1\u4eba\u9677\u5165\u8de8\u4ee3\u8d2b\u7a77\u7684\u56f0\u5883\u4e2d\u3002\u81ea\u5217\u6839\u603b\u7edf(Ronald Reagan)\u5e74\u4ee3\u8d77\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u8d70\u4e0a\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u8def\u7ebf\uff0c\u628a\u4e0d\u5c11\u516c\u8425\u670d\u52a1\u5356\u4e88\u79c1\u4eba\u8d22\u56e2\uff0c\u66f4\u4ee4\u9ed1\u4eba\u5904\u5883\u96ea\u4e0a\u52a0\u971c(\u4f4f\u8fc7\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u533b\u7597\u670d\u52a1\u975e\u5e38\u6602\u8d35\uff0c\u4e00\u8d9f\u6551\u62a4\u8f66\u968f\u65f6\u516d\u767e\u7f8e\u5143\u8d77\u8df3)\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u9ed1\u4eba\u5f80\u5f80\u6d3b\u5728\u6700\u5f31\u52bf\u800c\u4e0d\u53d7\u4fdd\u969c\u7684\u5730\u533a\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u7f8e\u56fd\u9677\u5165\u91d1\u878d\u3001\u623f\u8d37\u6216\u75ab\u75c7\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u90fd\u662f\u9ed1\u4eba\u2014\u2014\u5728\u8fd9\u6b21\u65b0\u51a0\u80ba\u708e\u75ab\u60c5\u4e0b\uff0c\u9ed1\u4eba\u4fbf\u5360\u4e86\u5168\u7f8e\u56fd\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4eba\u6570\u7684\u4e03\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n

\u653f\u7ecf\u5236\u5ea6\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u9ed1\u4eba\u6240\u9762\u5bf9\u6700\u8d64\u88f8\u7684\u538b\u8feb\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u767d\u4eba\u81f3\u4e0a\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u53ca\u8b66\u5bdf\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u8b66\u5bdf\u957f\u671f\u4f7f\u7528\u79cd\u65cf\u5f52\u7eb3\u6cd5(racial profiling)\u53bb\u7ef4\u6301\u6cbb\u5b89\uff0c\u5047\u5b9a\u9ed1\u4eba\u60ef\u5e38\u89e6\u72af\u7279\u5b9a\u6cd5\u4f8b\uff0c\u4e0d\u5355\u4ee4\u9ed1\u4eba\u9762\u5bf9\u8fdc\u9ad8\u4e8e\u767d\u4eba\u7684\u88ab\u76d8\u67e5\u53ca\u76d1\u7981\u7387(2013\u5e74\uff0cFerguson\u5e02\u88ab\u8b66\u5bdf\u76d8\u67e5\u7684\u4eba\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u9ed1\u4eba\u536092%)\uff0c\u66f4\u4ee4\u8b66\u5bdf\u5f80\u5f80\u8ba4\u5b9a\u9ed1\u4eba\u662f\u5371\u9669\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u52a8\u8f84\u5c31\u5411\u6beb\u65e0\u53cd\u6297\u8ff9\u8c61\u7684\u9ed1\u4eba\u5f00\u67aa\u6216\u884c\u4f7f\u8fc7\u5ea6\u6b66\u529b\u3002\u800c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6cd5\u5ead\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u88ab\u767d\u4eba\u6cd5\u5b98\u62c5\u4efb\uff0c\u6740\u5bb3\u9ed1\u4eba\u7684\u8b66\u5bdf\u6216\u767d\u4eba\u5f80\u5f80\u4ea6\u5f97\u4ee5\u8131\u7f6a\u3002\u57282012\u5e74\uff0c\u5e74\u4ec5\u5341\u4e03\u5c81\u7684\u9ed1\u4eba\u9752\u5e74Trayvon Martin\u88abGeorge Zimmerman\uff0c\u5f53\u5730\u4e00\u4e2a\u90bb\u91cc\u5b88\u671b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u8ddf\u8e2a\u4e14\u67aa\u6740\u3002\u4e8b\u540eGeorge Zimmerman\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8131\u7f6a\uff0c\u8fd8\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u63a7\u544aTrayvon\u5bb6\u4eba\u4f5c\u5047\u8bc1\u4f9b\u3002 Black Lives Matter\u8fd0\u52a8\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u56de\u5e94\u6574\u4e2a\u6267\u6cd5\u53ca\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0d\u5f53\u9ed1\u4eba\u6027\u547d\u662f\u4e00\u56de\u4e8b\u800c\u57282013\u5e74\u5c55\u5f00\u5e76\u5728\u5168\u7f8e\u5404\u5730\u5f00\u82b1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u8bf4Black Lives Matter\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u9ed1\u4eba\u751f\u547d\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u8b66\u5bdf\u3001\u6cd5\u5ead\u751a\u6216\u767d\u4eba\u793e\u4f1a\u5f53\u6210\u4e00\u56de\u4e8b\uff0c\u624d\u8981\u5f3a\u8c03\u9ed1\u4eba\u751f\u547d\u662f\u6709\u4ef7\u7684\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u53d1\u8a00\u4eba\u534e\u6625\u83b9\u5728twitter\u4e0a\u9644\u548cAll Lives Matter \u5f15\u53d1\u4e89\u8bae\uff0c\u6070\u6070\u662f\u753b\u864e\u4e0d\u6210\u53cd\u7c7b\u72ac\u2014\u2014\u9ed1\u4eba\u4f1a\u89c9\u5f97\u522b\u4eba\u8bf4all lives matter\u5177\u5192\u72af\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u5b8c\u5168\u62b9\u53bb\u4e86\u9ed1\u4eba\u751f\u547d\u88ab\u8f7b\u89c6\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u8109\u7edc\u3002<\/p>\n

UCLA\u5386\u53f2\u7cfb\u6559\u6388Robin D.G. Kelley\u66fe\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u9ed1\u4eba\u4e00\u76f4\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5904\u4e8e\u4f4e\u5f3a\u5ea6\u6218\u4e89\u72b6\u6001\u4e4b\u4e2d (low intensity war)\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\u5728\u5916\u4eba\u773c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6216\u8bb8\u9ed1\u4eba\u53ca\u8b66\u5bdf\u5728\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u573a\u9762\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u573a\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5b9e\u5bf9\u9ed1\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u91cc\u968f\u65f6\u90fd\u4f1a\u906d\u53d7\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u3002\u5355\u5728\u53bb\u5e74\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u903e\u5343\u4eba\u6b7b\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u8b66\u5bdf\u624b\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f53\u4e2d24%\u4e3a\u9ed1\u4eba(\u9ed1\u4eba\u53ea\u5360\u5168\u56fd\u4eba\u53e3\u7ea612.5%\uff0c\u800c\u5f53\u4e2d\u53ea\u6709\u5c11\u4e8e1%\u7684\u8b66\u5bdf\u88ab\u8d77\u8bc9\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u8131\u79bb\u8fc7\u6218\u4e89\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9999\u6e2f\u4eba\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u4e86\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u53bb\u5b66\u4f1a\u548c\u5e73\u793a\u5a01\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u9ed1\u4eba\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u5219\u662f\u4e8c\u767e\u5e74\u7684\u538b\u8feb\u53ca\u6297\u4e89\u53f2\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u7f8e\u56fd\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u5a92\u4f53\u53ca\u653f\u5ba2\u5bf9\u548c\u5e73\u793a\u5a01\u6709\u6781\u91cd\u7684\u6d01\u7656\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5f53\u4ed6\u4eec\u652f\u6301\u9999\u6e2f\u6297\u4e89\u8005\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f80\u5f80\u5f3a\u8c03\u9999\u6e2f\u4eba\u662f\u548c\u5e73\u793a\u5a01\u8005\u800c\u5bf9\u9999\u6e2f\u7684\u52c7\u6b66\u6297\u4e89\u907f\u800c\u4e0d\u8c08\u3002\u4e0d\u96be\u60f3\u50cf\uff0c\u5f53\u4ed6\u4eec\u770b\u89c1\u9ed1\u4eba\u5347\u7ea7\u3001\u653e\u706b\u53ca\u63a0\u52ab\u65f6\uff0c\u4fbf\u6beb\u4e0d\u72b9\u7591\u628a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6297\u4e89\u5b9a\u6027\u4e3a\u66b4\u52a8\u3002\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\uff0c\u6297\u4e89\u8005\u4e00\u76f4\u62d2\u7edd\u63a5\u53d7\u793e\u4f1a\u6216\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u66b4\u52a8\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u9ed1\u4eba\u7684\u56de\u5e94\u5374\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u66b4\u52a8\u6709\u7406\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6b63\u5982\u9a6c\u4e01\u8def\u5fb7\u91d1\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u300c\u66b4\u52a8\u662f\u4e0d\u88ab\u503e\u542c\u8005\u7684\u8bed\u8a00( A riot is the language of the unheard)\u3002\u300d\u672a\u5fc5\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ed1\u4eba\u6216BLM\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\u4e5f\u652f\u6301\u5347\u7ea7\u3001\u653e\u706b\u6216\u62a2\u52ab\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u5272\u5e2d\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u6df1\u660e\uff0c\u4e0d\u6253\u4e71\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u4f1a\u8046\u542c\u9ed1\u4eba\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u7684(\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u4e5f\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u4eec\u82e5\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u5347\u7ea7\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u5982\u6b64\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5173\u6ce8)\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u66f4\u6df1\u660e\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u662f\u5236\u5ea6\u66b4\u529b\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bcf\u5929\u90fd\u5728\u65e0\u4eba\u770b\u89c1\u7684\u6697\u89d2\u63a0\u52ab\u751a\u81f3\u6740\u5bb3\u9ed1\u4eba\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u57282013\u5e74Ferguson\u7684\u6297\u4e89\u8005\u53d7\u8bbf\u65f6\u56de\u5e94\ufe55\u300c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bf4\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u7834\u574f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u793e\u533a\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793e\u533a\u91cc\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u6837\u4e1c\u897f\u662f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\uff01(They say we destroying our own neighborhoods. We don’t own nothing out here!)\u300d<\/p>\n

\u7ed3\u8bed\ufe55can we connect?<\/h3>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u573a\u98ce\u66b4\uff0c\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u8fdc\u89c2\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u540c\u6216\u53cd\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6297\u4e89\u624b\u6cd5\uff0c\u540c\u60c5\u6216\u6392\u62d2\u6297\u4e89\u4e2d\u968f\u4e4b\u800c\u6765\u7684\u63a0\u52ab\u3002\u4f46\u8981\u5b9e\u8df5\u516c\u6c11\u5916\u4ea4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u8981\u8fdb\u5165\u9ed1\u4eba\u7684\u89c6\u91ce\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u4ece\u4ed6\u4eec\u89c6\u89d2\u51fa\u53d1\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6297\u4e89\u4e0d\u4f46\u662f\u5efa\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e8c\u767e\u5e74\u6765\u548c\u5e73\u8def\u7ebf\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u5931\u8d25\u9047\u632b\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u7ecf\u793e\u4f1a\u81f3\u4eca\u672a\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u73af\u73af\u7d27\u6263\u7684\u538b\u8feb\u7684\u63a7\u8bc9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5e73\u60c5\u800c\u8bba\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5f53\u7136\u4e0d\u6b62\u975e\u88d4\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u6297\u4e89\u53f2\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u6cdb\u4e9a\u88d4\u3001\u62c9\u4e01\u7f8e\u88d4\u3001\u7f8e\u5dde\u539f\u8457\u6c11\/\u571f\u8457\u7b49\u5176\u4ed6\u5c11\u6570\u65cf\u88d4\u7684\u594b\u6597\u7ecf\u5386\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u6297\u4e89\u4e0e\u9769\u65b0\uff0c\u6784\u6210\u7f8e\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u8fc8\u5411\u5e73\u7b49\u3001\u591a\u5143\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u8f68\u8ff9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5927\u65f6\u4ee3\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e2d\u7f8e\u5bf9\u5792\u53eb\u9635\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u4eba\u9700\u8981\u8d70\u51fa\u91d1\u878d\u6e2f\u53e3\uff0c\u53bb\u7ed3\u4ea4\u81ea\u7531\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6297\u4e89\u76df\u53cb\uff0c\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u4e0d\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u771f\u7684\u770b\u89c1\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u82e6\u96be\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u5185\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u3001\u5171\u548c\u4e24\u515a\u4eba\u9a6c\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u90fd\u5bf9\u9999\u6e2f\u6297\u4e89\u5404\u6709\u7740\u58a8\u3002\u8fbe\u6210\u8de8\u515a\u6d3e\u652f\u6301\u6e2f\u4eba\u6297\u4e89\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6c11\u4e3b\u53ca\u4eba\u6743\u6cd5\u6848\uff0c\u6210\u679c\u5f97\u6765\u4e0d\u6613\uff0c\u662f\u6e2f\u4eba\u4ee5\u8840\u6c57\u6362\u6765\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u3001\u5171\u548c\u4e24\u515a\u4e5f\u5e76\u975e\u94c1\u677f\u4e00\u5757\uff0c\u5149\u8c31\u751a\u5927\uff1b\u4e24\u515a\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u53ca\u793e\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8\u672c\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u80a1\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u529b\u6c42\u8d70\u51fa\u4e24\u515a\u6076\u6597\u7684\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u903c\u4f7f\u4e24\u515a\u6539\u9769\u3002\u9999\u6e2f\u4eba\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u6e38\u8bf4\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u4e0e\u5f53\u4e0b\u5728\u4f4d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u83c1\u82f1\u6253\u4ea4\u9053\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u591a\u548c\u6d3b\u8dc3\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u5efa\u7acb\u4e92\u4fe1\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u53f0\u6e2f\u4e24\u5730\u95f4\u4e0d\u5c11\u4eba\u7ecf\u5e74\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u60c5\u8c0a\u3002\u9999\u6e2f\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u8981\u53d1\u5c55\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u5916\u4ea4\uff0c\u4e5f\u7aef\u770b\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u5982\u6c34\u5730\u7a7f\u68b3\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u65cf\u7fa4\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u4ed6\u4eec\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u590d\u6742\u8109\u7edc\u3001\u5f02\u540c\u7ecf\u5386\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u6765\u5c31\u6beb\u65e0\u4fdd\u7559\u5730\u652f\u6301\u4e00\u65b9\u4e00\u6d3e\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u5e94\u7740\u529b\u907f\u514d\u7eaf\u7136\u529f\u5229\u5bfc\u5411\uff0c\u53ea\u6c42\u81ea\u4fdd\u548c\u4e0a\u5c42\u653f\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u548c\u66f4\u591a\u5728\u4e16\u4e0a\u540c\u547c\u540c\u5438\u3001\u6e34\u671b\u81ea\u7531\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u624b\u8db3\u8054\u6210\u4e00\u7ebf\uff0c\u4e89\u53d6\u5e94\u6709\u6743\u5229\u7684\u6839\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u5e38\u5e38\u95ee\uff1a\u300c\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eba\u957f\u8fdc\u6301\u7eed\u5730\u5173\u5fc3\u9999\u6e2f\u3001\u7ad9\u5728\u6297\u4e89\u8005\u8fd9\u8fb9\uff1f\u300d\u6613\u5730\u800c\u5904\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u4ea4\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u4e5f\u662f\u81ea\u95ee\uff1a\u4ed6\u4eba\u5371\u96be\u5230\u4e34\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u65e0\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8d39\u715e\u5fc3\u795e\uff0c\u7ed9\u4e88\u4ed6\u4eba\u591a\u4e00\u4e01\u70b9\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3001\u5173\u5fc3\u4e0e\u63f4\u52a9\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u5c61\u7ecf\u78e8\u7ec3\uff0c\u6e2f\u4eba\u90fd\u660e\u767d\u548c\u52c7\u4e0d\u5206\u4e0d\u662f\u975e\u9ed1\u5373\u767d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u5f20\u529b\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u63a2\u7d22\u4fee\u6b63\u5411\u524d\u8fc8\u8fdb\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u9762\u5bf9\u4e16\u754c\u6297\u4e89\u8005\u540c\u6837\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u6e2f\u4eba\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u624b\u8db3\uff0c\u5f53\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u4e0d\u5c11\u6297\u4e89\u8005\u4f1a\u5411\u6e2f\u4eba\u81f4\u656c\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u5e94\u8be5\u8fdb\u5316\u6210\u4ed6\u4eba\u66f4\u53ef\u4fe1\u8d56\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u624b\u8db3\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u65e5\u65b0\u51a0\u80ba\u708e\u843d\u5e55\uff0c\u56fd\u5b89\u6cd5\u4e0a\u753b\u4e4b\u9645\uff0c\u8981\u5149\u590d\u9999\u6e2f\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u56fd\u9645\u624b\u8db3\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u903c\u5207\u8981\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6df1\u660e\u4ed6\u4eba\u6240\u9700\uff0c\u58ee\u9614\u81ea\u5df1\u961f\u4f0d\uff0c\u5171\u8c0b\u5f7c\u6b64\u798f\u7949\u2014\u2014\u56fd\u9645\u7ebf\u7684\u5f00\u62d3\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u5916\u4ea4\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u5e94\u5bf9\u5168\u7403\u6c11\u4e3b\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u83ab\u8fc7\u4e8e\u6b64\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5ef6\u4f38\u9605\u8bfb\ufe55<\/em><\/p>\n

Frederick Douglass, \u201cWhat to the Slave is the 4th of July\u201d(1852)<\/em><\/p>\n

Ida B. Wells, \u201cLynch Law in America\u201d(1900)<\/em><\/p>\n

Martin Luther King, Jr., \u201cLetter from Birmingham Jail\u201d(1963)<\/em><\/p>\n

Malcolm X\u2019s interview at UC Berkeley (1963): https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=FZMrti8QcPA<\/em><\/p>\n

Combahee River Collective,\u201cThe Combahee River Collective Statement (1977)<\/em><\/p>\n

Kimberle Crenshaw, \u201cMapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and the Violence Against Women of Color\u201d (1991)*<\/em><\/p>\n

Desmond S. King & Rogers M. Smith, \u201cRacial Orders in American Political Development\u201d(2005)*<\/em><\/p>\n

Robin D.G. Kelley, \u201cThe U.S. v. Trayvon Martin: How the system worked\u201d (2013)<\/em><\/p>\n

Vicky Osterweil, \u201cIn Defense of Looting\u201d(2014)<\/em><\/p>\n

\u9648\u5a49\u5bb9\uff1a\u5468\u65e5\u8bdd\u9898\uff1aChinese Virus \u6709\u65e0\u9519\uff1f\u4e9a\u88d4\u7684\u300c\u6b63\u9762\u79cd\u65cf\u5b9a\u578b\u300d(2020)<\/em><\/p>\n

(\u6709*\u6807\u5fd7\u8005\u4e3a\u5b66\u672f\u8bba\u6587)<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\uff0c\u6297\u4e89\u8005\u4e00\u76f4\u62d2\u7edd\u63a5\u53d7\u793e\u4f1a\u6216\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u66b4\u52a8\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u9ed1\u4eba\u7684\u56de\u5e94\u5374\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u66b4\u52a8\u6709\u7406\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6b63\u5982\u9a6c\u4e01\u8def\u5fb7\u91d1\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u300c\u66b4\u52a8\u662f\u4e0d\u88ab\u503e\u542c\u8005\u7684\u8bed\u8a00( A riot is the language of the unheard)\u3002\u300d\u672a\u5fc5\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ed1\u4eba\u6216BLM\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\u4e5f\u652f\u6301\u5347\u7ea7\u3001\u653e\u706b\u6216\u62a2\u52ab\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u5272\u5e2d\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u6df1\u660e\uff0c\u4e0d\u6253\u4e71\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u4f1a\u8046\u542c\u9ed1\u4eba\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u7684(\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u4e5f\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u4eec\u82e5\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u5347\u7ea7\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u5982\u6b64\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5173\u6ce8)\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u66f4\u6df1\u660e\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u662f\u5236\u5ea6\u66b4\u529b\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bcf\u5929\u90fd\u5728\u65e0\u4eba\u770b\u89c1\u7684\u6697\u89d2\u63a0\u52ab\u751a\u81f3\u6740\u5bb3\u9ed1\u4eba\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u57282013\u5e74Ferguson\u7684\u6297\u4e89\u8005\u53d7\u8bbf\u65f6\u56de\u5e94\ufe55\u300c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bf4\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u7834\u574f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u793e\u533a\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793e\u533a\u91cc\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u6837\u4e1c\u897f\u662f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\uff01<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1057,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","ampforwp-amp-on-off":"","home_featured":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[45438,45441,18271,38908,38913],"tags":[13288,38591,38659,39340,9426,11797],"class_list":["post-646125","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-citizen","category-hong-kong","category-level-2","category-38908","category-38913","tag-13288","tag-38591","tag-matters","tag-39340","tag-9426","tag-11797","et-doesnt-have-format-content","et_post_format-et-post-format-standard"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/646125","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1057"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=646125"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/646125\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=646125"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=646125"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=646125"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}