{"id":665048,"date":"2021-04-19T00:37:39","date_gmt":"2021-04-19T07:37:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/?p=665048"},"modified":"2021-04-19T09:53:25","modified_gmt":"2021-04-19T16:53:25","slug":"philosophia-%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%a6%e7%a4%be%ef%bd%9c%e7%bb%b4%e4%b8%ba%e4%bc%aa%e5%ad%a6%e8%80%83%ef%bc%9a%e8%a2%ab%e6%ad%aa%e6%9b%b2%e7%9a%84%e5%8f%b2%e5%ad%a6%e8%83%8c%e5%90%8e%ef%bc%8c%e9%9a%90","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/665048.html","title":{"rendered":"Philosophia \u54f2\u5b66\u793e\uff5c\u7ef4\u4e3a\u4f2a\u5b66\u8003\uff1a\u88ab\u6b6a\u66f2\u7684\u53f2\u5b66\u80cc\u540e\uff0c\u9690\u85cf\u7740\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/files\/2021\/04\/post-665048-607d6962d596f.\" alt=\"img\" \/><\/p>\n<div 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[20]\u3002\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u53f2\u6599\u53ea\u662f\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u8003\u636e\u7684<strong>\u300c\u539f\u6599\u300d<\/strong>\uff0c\u82e5\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u8fa8\u522b\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528[21]\uff0c\u4e14\u8ba4\u4e3a\u516d\u7ecf\u5e76\u975e\u6700\u53ef\u4fe1\u7684\u53f2\u6599\uff0c\u53f2\u6599\u4ef7\u503c\u8fdc\u4e0d\u5982\u53f8\u9a6c\u8fc1\u7b49\u4e13\u4e1a\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6[22]\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u300c\u5168\u76d8\u5426\u5b9a\u300d\uff08\u8fd9\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u53f2\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u987e\u9889\u521a\u4e5f\u4ece\u672a\u5168\u76d8\u5426\u5b9a\u3001\u8d28\u7591\u3002<\/strong> 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<strong>\u7ecf\u5b66<\/strong> <strong>\u300f\u539f\u6765\u7684\u795e\u5723\u6027\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u6027\u4e5f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u62c6\u5206\u4e2d\u6cef\u706d\u6b86\u5c3d\u300d<\/strong> [31]\u3002\u65e2\u5f80\u7ecf\u5b66\u8bb2\u7a76 <strong>\u300c\u7ecf\u79c9\u5723\u88c1\uff0c\u5782\u578b\u4e07\u4e16\uff0c\u5220\u8ba2\u4e4b\u65e8\uff0c\u5982\u65e5\u4e2d\u5929\uff0c\u65e0\u6240\u5bb9\u5176\u8d5e\u8ff0\u3002\u6240\u8bba\u6b21\u8005\uff0c\u8bc2\u7ecf\u4e4b\u8bf4\u800c\u5df2\u300d<\/strong>[32]\uff0c <strong>\u8fd9\u79cd\u5c06\u6587\u672c\u5c0a\u4e3a\u91d1\u79d1\u7389\u5f8b\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u53ea\u80fd\u4f7f\u5b66\u672f\u6ca6\u4e3a\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u9644\u5eb8\u3002<\/strong>\u800c\u8f9b\u4ea5\u9769\u547d\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u7591\u53e4\u6279\u53e4\u601d\u6f6e\u662f\u5e0c\u671b\u4ee5 <strong>\u300c\u53d6\u7814\u7a76\u4e4b\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u601d\u60f3\u77ff\u7269\u5316\uff0c\u5265\u79bb\u5b83\u539f\u6709\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5fc3\u6027\u7684\u3001\u4f26\u7406\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u6216\u96be\u4ee5\u8a00\u660e\u7684\u3001\u5f88\u5fae\u5999\u7684\u5c42\u9762\u300d<\/strong>[33]\u3002 \u4e8b\u5b9e\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u53e4\u53f2\u8fa8\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u987e\u9889\u521a\u66fe\u8bf4<strong>\u300c\u8981\u4f7f\u53e4\u53f2\u4ec5\u4e3a\u53e4\u53f2\u800c\u4e0d\u4e3a\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u4f26\u7406\uff0c\u8981\u4f7f\u53e4\u4eba\u4ec5\u4e3a\u53e4\u4eba\u800c\u4e0d\u4e3a\u73b0\u4ee3\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u8005\u3002\u300d<\/strong> [34]\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/files\/2021\/04\/post-665048-607d696644b88.\" alt=\"img\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"ts\">\u987e\u9889\u521a\u5148\u751f  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[37]\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d8\u6210\u9776\u5b50\u548c\u7a3b\u8349\u4eba\uff0c\u6765\u5de9\u56fa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u53d9\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/files\/2021\/04\/post-665048-607d6967c8849.png\" alt=\"img\" \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5f20\u6559\u6388\u63a5\u7740\u8bf4\uff1a<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u968f\u7740\u4e2d\u56fd\u5d1b\u8d77\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u4e2d\u56fd\u8003\u53e4\u53d1\u6398\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u65b0\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b66\u6d3e\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u65e9\u5c31\u5f0f\u5fae\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>\u9996\u5148\u8fd9\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5d1b\u4e0d\u5d1b\u8d77\u7a76\u7adf\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5173\u7cfb\uff1f\u96be\u4e0d\u6210\u662f\u65b0\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\u8ba9\u4e1c\u5468\u4e4b\u524d\u6709\u4e86\u4fe1\u53f2\uff1f\u5173\u4e8e\u5f20\u6559\u6388\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e2d\u8fd9\u79cd\u300c\u5d1b\u8d77\u300d\u3001\u300c\u6743\u529b\u300d\u4e0e\u5386\u53f2\u300c\u771f\u76f8\u300d\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c <strong>\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4f1a\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\u91cd\u70b9\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b66\u8005\u771f\u7684\u6ca1\u6709\u5173\u6ce8\u65b0\u8003\u53e4\u53d1\u73b0\u5417\uff1f\u7b54\u6848\u662f\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u80e1\u9002\u5c31\u66fe\u7ecf\u8bf4\u8fc7<strong>\u300c\u4ee5\u73b0\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u8003\u53e4\u5b66\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e1c\u5468\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u53f2\uff0c\u53ea\u53ef\u5b58\u4e00\u4e2a\u6000\u7591\u6001\u5ea6\u300d<\/strong>[38]\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b63\u597d\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u65e2\u6ca1\u6709\u5168\u76d8\u5426\u5b9a\u8d28\u7591\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u6750\u6599\u8fdb\u884c\u5b66\u672f\u63a2\u8ba8\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a<strong>\u300c\u4e66\u672c\u4e0a\u7684\u6750\u6599\u8bda\u7136\u4e0d\u8db3\u5efa\u8bbe\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u53e4\u53f2\u2026\u2026\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u628a\u4e66\u7c4d\u4e0a\u7684\u6750\u6599\u8003\u660e\uff0c\u5f90\u5f85\u8003\u53e4\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u53d1\u89c1\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u5e94\u5f53\u6709\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u5417?\u300d<\/strong>[39]\u53ef\u89c1\u7ef4\u4e3a\u6559\u6388\u4e3e\u51fa\u7684\u65b0\u8003\u53e4\u53d1\u73b0\u4f8b\u5b50\u53ea\u662f\u6570\u5341\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u8001\u751f\u5e38\u8c08\uff0c\u4e14\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u987e\u9889\u521a\u56de\u590d\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u987e\u9889\u521a\u7a76\u7adf\u5728\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/files\/2021\/04\/post-665048-607d696a71d1e.png\" alt=\"img\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b66\u6d3e\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u300c\u5f0f\u5fae\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u65b0\u6e05\u53f2\u3001\u897f\u65b9\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e5f\u5e76\u975e\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u5b66\u6d3e\u4e00\u6837\uff0c <strong>\u300c\u53e4\u53f2\u8fa8\u6d3e\u300d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u5b66\u672f\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u65e8\u8da3\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\u6709\u8fd1\u4f3c\u4e4b\u5904\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u677e\u6563\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u7edf\u4e00\u6216\u8005\u8fd1\u4f3c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8303\u5f0f<\/strong>\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u96c6\u4f53\u7684\u59ff\u6001\u4e00\u8d77\u300c\u5f0f\u5fae\u300d\u2014\u2014\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b66\u8005\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u88ab\u9a73\u5012\u4e86\u3001\u5426\u5b9a\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u540e\u4eba\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u5960\u5b9a\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u7ee7\u7eed\u524d\u8fdb\u4e86\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u5c31\u7b97\u662f\u6709\u7740\u8f83\u5f3a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u7eaa\u5f8b\u7684\u5b66\u6d3e\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u65e9\u671f\u5e74\u9274\u5b66\u6d3e\uff0c\u5185\u90e8\u6210\u5458\u7684\u5206\u6b67\u548c\u8bba\u6218\u4e5f\u53f8\u7a7a\u89c1\u60ef\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u987e\u9889\u521a\u76f4\u8a00\u300a\u53e4\u53f2\u8fa8\u300b\u8fd9\u5957\u4e66\u672c\u8eab\u662f<strong>\u300c\u662f\u6c47\u96c6\u4e00\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\u7684\u300d<\/strong>[40]\uff0c\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u6536\u5f55\u5404\u65b9\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bba\u6587\u5408\u96c6\uff0c\u4eba\u6570\u6781\u5176\u5e7f\u6742\u3002[41]\u987e\u9889\u521a\u5728\u53d1\u8868\u300a\u4e0e\u94b1\u7384\u540c\u5148\u751f\u8bba\u53e4\u53f2\u4e66\u300b\u540e\u906d\u5230\u5218\u639e\u85dc[42]\u548c\u80e1\u5807\u4eba[43]\u7684\u731b\u70c8\u6279\u8bc4\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6279\u8bc4\u53cd\u5bf9\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u548c\u987e\u9889\u521a\u7684\u56de\u590d\u6587\u7ae0\u300a\u7b54\u5218\u3001\u80e1\u4e24\u5148\u751f\u4e66\u300b\u90fd\u6536\u5f55\u5728\u4e86\u300a\u53e4\u53f2\u8fa8\u300b\u7b2c\u4e00\u518c\u4e2d\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u987e\u9889\u521a\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u300c\u6c11\u65cf\u975e\u4e00\u5143\u8bba\u300d\u5374\u53c8\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5218\u639e\u85dc\u7684\u652f\u6301[44]\uff0c\u4f46\u88ab\u9646\u61cb\u5fb7\u6279\u8bc4[45]\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u7ae0\u4e5f\u5206\u522b\u88ab\u6536\u5f55\u5728\u300a\u53e4\u53f2\u8fa8\u300b\u7b2c\u4e00\u3001\u4e8c\u518c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u8bc1\u660e\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u90a3\u80e1\u9002\u5728\u300a\u8bc4\u8bba\u8fd1\u4eba\u8003\u636e\u8001\u5b50\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u300b\u4e2d\u5bf9\u987e\u9889\u521a\u7684\u6750\u6599\u624b\u6bb5\u8fdb\u884c\u6279\u5224\uff0c<strong>\u8fd9\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u660e\u54ea\u6015\u662f\u300c\u53e4\u53f2\u8fa8\u6d3e\u300d\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u63d0\u5021\u8005\u76f8\u4e92\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e5f\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u7684\u5206\u6b67\u751a\u81f3\u5bf9\u7acb\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u771f\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u300a\u53e4\u53f2\u8fa8\u300b\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u300c\u53e4\u53f2\u8fa8\u6d3e\u300d\uff0c\u90a3\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u4e00\u7fa4\u7cbe\u795e\u9519\u4e71\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u7ecf\u5e38\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\u5185\u652f\u6301\u53cd\u5bf9\u518d\u652f\u6301\u518d\u53cd\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u751a\u81f3\u627e\u4e0d\u51fa\u51e0\u6761\u5173\u4e8e\u53f2\u5b9e\u7684\u5171\u8bc6\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7531\u300a\u53e4\u53f2\u8fa8\u300b\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u300c\u53e4\u53f2\u8fa8\u6d3e\u300d\uff0c<strong>\u800c\u662f\u4ee5\u76f8\u5173\u4e3b\u5f20\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u300c\u53e4\u53f2\u8fa8\u6d3e\u300d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4ece\u897f\u6c49\u738b\u5145\u5f00\u59cb\u4e00\u76f4\u5230\u7ef4\u4e3a\u6559\u6388\u7684\u5927\u5b66\u540c\u4e8b\u88d8\u9521\u572d\u5148\u751f\uff0c\u5168\u90e8\u90fd\u62b1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e3b\u5f20<\/strong>\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u662f\u4ee5\u987e\u9889\u521a\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u300c\u53e4\u53f2\u8fa8\u6d3e\u300d\uff0c\u90a3\u987e\u9889\u521a\u4e00\u9762\u53cd\u5bf9\u4e00\u79cd\u5b66\u6d3e\u4e00\u9762\u7ec4\u5efa\u4e00\u652f\u5b66\u6d3e\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u591a\u6b21\u4ece\u300c\u53e4\u53f2\u8fa8\u300d\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u300c\u53e4\u4e66\u8fa9\u300d\u518d\u523040\u5e74\u4ee3\u540e\u7684\u8003\u4fe1\uff08\u8bb8\u51a0\u4e09,2003[46]\uff1b\u4f59\u82f1\u65f6,2007[47]\uff09 \uff0c\u5728\u6570\u5341\u5e74\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u591a\u6b21\u652f\u6301\u5426\u5b9a\u53c8\u652f\u6301\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u8303\u5f0f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4ed6\u7684\u4e00\u6574\u4e2a\u5b66\u6d3e\u96be\u9053\u4e5f\u4e00\u8d77\u300c\u8ddf\u968f\u603b\u8def\u7ebf\u6447\u6446\u300d\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u5f20\u6559\u6388\u53ca\u5176\u6218\u53cb\u4eec\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5341\u5206\u70ed\u8877\u4e8e\u5c06\u8bb8\u591a\u5728\u601d\u60f3\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u6709\u5185\u90e8\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u6216\u56e2\u4f53\u56eb\u56f5\u5408\u5e76\u4e3a<strong>\u67d0\u79cd\u5f62\u8c61\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u3001\u6613\u4e8e\u8d2c\u4f4e\u7684\u6574\u4f53<\/strong> \uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u8a00\u5fc5\u79f0\u300c\u897f\u65b9\u300d\u601d\u60f3\u5982\u4f55\u5982\u4f55\uff09\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u300c\u5168\u9762\u5426\u5b9a\u300d\u3001\u4e00\u8d77\u300c\u5168\u9762\u8d28\u7591\u300d\u3001\u4e00\u8d77\u300c\u5168\u9762\u5f0f\u5fae\u300d\u3002<strong>\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u300c\u654c\u6211\u300d\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f\u56fa\u5316\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u660e\u663e\u7279\u5f81\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/files\/2021\/04\/post-665048-607d6967c8849.png\" alt=\"img\" \/><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u53f2\u5b66\u6709\u4e2a\u4f20\u7edf\u53eb\u505a\u4fe1\u53f2\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u628a\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u732e\u7684\u8bb0\u8f7d\u548c\u5730\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u7269\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4e92\u76f8\u5370\u8bc1\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u4fe1\u53f2\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/files\/2021\/04\/post-665048-607d696dd4fe1.\" alt=\"img\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u7ef4\u4e3a\u6559\u6388\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u641e\u660e\u767d\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u300c\u4fe1\u53f2\u300d\uff1a\u300c \u4fe1\u53f2\u300d\u6307\u7684\u662f\u6709\u6587\u5b57\u202c\u8bb0\u8f7d\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u300cRecorded history\u300d\u3002\u4fe1\u53f2\u7684\u5bf9\u7acb\u7269\u7684\u662f\u300cprehistory\u300d\uff0c\u5c31\u4e5f\u202c\u662f\u300c\u53f2\u524d\u53f2\u300d\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u548c\u662f\u5426\u7ed3\u5408\u8003\u53e4\u6587\u7269\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u6309\u7167\u7ae0\u592a\u708e\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u300c\u4fe1\u53f2\u300d\u5e94\u8be5\u662f<strong>\u300c\u53f2\u5bb6\u8f7d\u7b14\uff0c\u76f4\u4e66\u5176\u4e8b\uff0c\u5176\u4e49\u81ea\u89c1\u300d<\/strong>[48]\uff0c\u800c\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a<strong>\u300c\u4e16\u5112\u4ee5\u540e\u4e4b\u6240\u8ba2\uff0c\u800c\u8d23\u524d\u4e4b\u56fa\u7136\u3002\u867d\u53ca\u4f20\u5984\u8a00\uff0c\u8e30\u4e16\u5219\u6d78\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5178\u8981\u300d<\/strong>[49]\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u5b9a\u4fe1\u53f2\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\uff0c\u8003\u636e\u3001\u7591\u53e4\u3001\u8fa8\u522b\u53f2\u6599\u5728\u6e05\u671d\u3001\u6c11\u56fd\u624d\u5f97\u4ee5\u53d1\u5c55\u6210\u663e\u5b66\u3002 \u7ef4\u4e3a\u6559\u6388\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u5728\u5341\u4e94\u79d2\u5185\u8bf4\u7684\u8bdd\u76f8\u4e92\u53cd\u9a73\uff0c<strong>\u524d\u4e00\u53e5\u8d2c\u4f4e\u4e13\u804c\u8003\u636e\u4fe1\u53f2\u7684\u987e\u9889\u521a\u7b49\u4eba\uff0c\u540e\u4e00\u53e5\u53c8\u4e3a\u4fe1\u53f2\u800c\u611f\u5230\u81ea\u8c6a\uff0c\u5f88\u96be\u4e0d\u4ee4\u4eba\u601d\u8003\u4e00\u4e0b\u4ed6\u5fc3\u76ee\u4e2d\u7684\u300c\u4fe1\u53f2\u300d\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u54ea\u79cd\u300c\u4fe1\u300d\u6cd5\u200d\u200d\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e5f\u5145\u5206\u5c55\u73b0\u4e86\u4ed6\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u300c\u771f\u5b9e\u6027\u300d\u5168\u7136\u4e0d\u5728\u610f\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5efa\u6784\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8bdd\u8bed\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u968f\u610f\u88c1\u526a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u5b8c\u5f20\u6559\u6388\u5728\u524d\u6587\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd1\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u53f2\u5b66\u8fdb\u5c55\u7684\u9ad8\u8bba\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u63a5\u7740\u6765\u68b3\u7406\u4ed6\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6240\u8c13\u300c\u897f\u65b9\u300d\u5386\u53f2\u771f\u5b9e\u6027\u7684\u8bc4\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>2.\u8ba8\u8bba<\/strong> <strong>\u300c\u897f<\/strong> <strong>\u65b9\u300d<\/strong> <strong>\u53f2<\/strong><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u6211\u5c31\u60f3\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u91c7\u7528\u540c\u6837\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u53bb\u8003\u8bc1\u4e00\u4e0b\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u5386\u53f2\uff1f\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u5d1b\u8d77\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u8001\u662f\u4e25\u4e8e\u5f8b\u5df1\uff0c\u5bbd\u4ee5\u5f85\u4eba\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u8bb2\u5b9e\u4e8b\u6c42\u662f\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u5e94\u8be5\u7528\u4e2a\u5927\u81f4\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u53bb\u8003\u5bdf\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u8003\u5bdf\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u770b\u770b\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u7a76\u7adf\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u4fe1\u53f2\u3002\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u5f62\u6210\u4e2d\u56fd\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u5b66\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u5b66\uff0c\u8981\u4e3a\u6b64\u6253\u4e0b\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/files\/2021\/04\/post-665048-607d697143389.\" alt=\"img\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\uff01\u5982\u679c\u662f\u8bf4\u5c06\u53f2\u6599\u89c6\u4f5c\u53f2\u5b66\u8003\u636e\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u628a\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u662f\u505a\u4ee5\u53f2\u6599\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u6587\u732e\u8003\u636e\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u90a3\u4e4819\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u5170\u514b\uff08Leopold von Ranke\uff09\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u9610\u91ca\u4e86\uff08\u89c1\u300aOn the Character of Historical Science\u300b\uff09\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u662f\u8981\u6c42\u53f2\u5b98\u8bb0\u8f7d\u5fc5\u987b\u516c\u6b63\uff0c\u54ea\u6015\u5386\u53f2\u7f16\u7e82\u67af\u71e5\u65e0\u5473\u4e5f\u8981\u606a\u5b88\u5ba2\u89c2\u51c6\u5219\u3002\u8981\u6c42\u5386\u53f2\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u548c\u672a\u6765\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fd8\u539f\u4e8b\u7269\u672c\u8d28\u9762\u8c8c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5170\u514b\u4e5f\u63d0\u5230\u4e86[50]\uff1b<strong>\u5982\u679c\u662f\u8981\u6c42\u53f2\u6599\u4e92\u8bc1\u6765\u6d88\u9664\u4e0d\u540c\u7acb\u573a\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u6bb5\u5bf9\u4e8e\u53f2\u5b9e\u7684\u906e\u853d\uff0c\u8fd9\u66f4\u662f\u5170\u514b\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u91cd\u70b9<\/strong>[51]\u3002\u53ef\u89c1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u539f\u5219\u65e9\u5df2\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u6b27\u6d32\u53f2\u5b66\u754c\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u800c\u73b0\u4ee3\u53f2\u5b66\u5bf9\u53f2\u6599\u8303\u56f4\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u62d3\u5c55\u4e5f\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u66f4\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u8303\u7574\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u90a3\u4e48\u5f20\u6559\u6388\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8fd9\u6837\u8bf4\u8bdd\u5462\uff1f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u4e8e\u53f2\u5b66\u6807\u51c6\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u57fa\u672c\u65e0\u77e5\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u624d\u4fe1\u53e3\u5f00\u6cb3\u3002\u8fd9\u5f53\u7136\u662f\u57fa\u672c\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u5f20\u6559\u6388\u4e0b\u9762\u4e00\u6bb5\u8bdd\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u66f4\u591a\u7aef\u502a\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/files\/2021\/04\/post-665048-607d697338067.\" alt=\"img\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u8be2\u95ee\uff1a\u96be\u9053\u6211\u4eec\u4e2d\u56fd\u6ca1\u6709\u5728\u5f62\u6210\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u5b66\u5417\uff1f\u5f53\u7136\u6709\uff0c\u5434\u4e8e\u5ed1\u57281957\u5e74\u5c31\u51fa\u7248\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u53e4\u4ee3\u7684\u5e0c\u814a\u548c\u7f57\u9a6c\u300b\uff0c\u800c\u76f8\u5173\u5b66\u672f\u4e89\u8bba\u66f4\u662f\u4e0d\u8ba1\u5176\u6570\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u80e1\u949f\u8fbe\u3001\u6768\u5411\u594e\u3001\u4f55\u9ad8\u6d4e\u7b49\u5b66\u8005\u4e5f\u5206\u522b\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u53f2\u6e90\u3001\u53f2\u6599\u6587\u672c\u3001\u540e\u4e16\u7814\u7a76\u7b49\u591a\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u5207\u5165\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u53ef\u89c1\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u7814\u7a76\u5f53\u65f6\u5df2\u7ecf\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u53f2\u5b66\u754c\u53e4\u4ee3\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u800c\u4e2d\u56fd\u672c\u571f\u7684\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u8bad\u7ec3\u548c\u57f9\u517b\u4e5f\u5e76\u672a\u843d\u4e0b\uff0c<\/strong> 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<strong>\u897f\u65b9\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u7684\u6743\u529b\u548c\u4f18\u52bf\u4e0e\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e0a\u7684\u9738\u6743\u662f\u4f34\u751f\u7684\u3002<\/strong> 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<strong>\u56fa\u5316<\/strong>\u7684\u3001<strong>\u654c\u610f\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5<\/strong>\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8bd5\u56fe\u6253\u7834\u81ea\u6211\u548c\u4ed6\u8005\u95f4\u7684\u9694\u79bb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u9ae6\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u300c\u9006\u7ec3\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u4ed6\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u5426\u5b9a\u4e86\u591a\u6570\u88ab\u8ba4\u4f5c\u6765\u81ea\u300c\u897f\u65b9\u300d\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u2014\u2014\u800c\u4e14\u751a\u81f3\u5e76\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u771f\u6b63\u51fa\u81ea\u300c\u897f\u65b9\u300d\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u6307\u8ba4\u4e3a\u300c\u503e\u5411\u897f\u65b9\u300d\u3001\u6216\u8005\u53d7\u5230\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u717d\u52a8\u5373\u53ef\u3002 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<strong>\u300c\u8d28\u7591\u300d\u897f\u65b9\u548c\u300c\u80af\u5b9a\u300d\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u5728\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u300c\u4e2d\u534e\u5d1b\u8d77\u300d\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\u3002\u8d28\u7591\u5730\u8d8a\u5484\u5484\u903c\u4eba\uff0c\u5c31\u8c61\u5f81\u7740\u300c\u6211\u4eec\u300d\u8d8a\u5f3a\u5927\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u800c\u4ee5\u4e25\u8c28\u7684\u8bba\u636e\u548c\u903b\u8f91\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e00\u300c\u6597\u4e89\u76ee\u6807\u300d\u4e0d\u76f8\u7b26\uff0c\u5c31\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f1a\u88ab\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u5411\u5916\u654c\u59a5\u534f\u3001\u662f\u300c\u6d0b\u5974\u300d\u548c\u300c\u6c49\u5978\u300d\u3002\u800c\u300c\u7acb\u573a\u6b63\u786e\u300d\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u5219\u4f1a\u88ab\u8d5e\u9882\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u56de\u51fb\u4e86\u300c\u897f\u65b9\u4ed6\u8005\u300d\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u5728\u300c\u593a\u53d6\u8bdd\u8bed\u6743\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/files\/2021\/04\/post-665048-607d69775e4ee.png\" alt=\"img\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u5f20\u6559\u6388\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e5f\u5c55\u73b0\u4e86\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4f1a\u5728\u5206\u6790\u5f20\u6559\u6388\u72af\u4e0b\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5256\u6790\u4ed6\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e2d\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u503e\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/files\/2021\/04\/post-665048-607d6967c8849.png\" alt=\"img\" \/><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u6bd4\u65b9\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u300a\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u5168\u96c6\u300b\u5df2\u7ecf\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u5341\u5377\uff0c\u5b83\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u7248\u672c\u5230\u5e95\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\uff1f\u6211\u8bf7\u6559\u4e86\u4e00\u4f4d\u53f2\u5b66\u754c\u7684\u670b\u53cb\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\u73b0\u5728\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u7684\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u6b8b\u7247\u662f\u5fb7\u56fd\u8003\u53e4\u5b66\u5bb6\u57281890\u5e74\u6240\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u5199\u5728\u7eb8\u8349\u4e0a\u7684\u6587\u732e\uff0c\u53eb\u505a\u300a\u96c5\u5178\u5baa\u7ae0\u300b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7f16\u53f7\u662f\u53eb\u7eb8\u8349131\uff0c\u5f88\u6709\u540d\u7684Papyrus 131\u3002\u6839\u636e\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u8003\u8bc1\uff0c\u300a\u96c5\u5178\u5baa\u7ae0\u300b\u5927\u6982\u662f\u516c\u5143\u4e8c\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u4f46\u73b0\u5728\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u6700\u540e\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c\u5b83\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u672c\u4eba\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u4ed6\u5b66\u751f\u6240\u5199\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f5c\u54c1\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u7f16\u5165\u300a\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u5168\u96c6\u300b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u732e\u73b0\u5728\u6536\u85cf\u5728\u5927\u82f1\u535a\u7269\u9986\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u7248\u672c\u5927\u90fd\u662f12\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u540e\u7684\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u79bb\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u81f3\u5c11\u67091400\u5e74\u4e86\u3002\u636e\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u4e2d\u4e1c\u5730\u533a\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u201c\u91cd\u65b0\u53d1\u73b0\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u201d\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u4ece\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u6587\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\uff0c\u4f46\u73b0\u5728\u597d\u50cf\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u6587\u7684\u7248\u672c\u90fd\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/files\/2021\/04\/post-665048-607d697abf6a1.\" alt=\"img\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u9996\u5148\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u8bf4\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u7ef4\u4e3a\u6559\u6388\u202c\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u300a\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u5341\u5377\u672c\u300b\u770b\u6837\u5b50\u202c\u8fd8\u662f\u82d7\u529b\u7530\u8001\u5e08\u7f16\u7e82\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u7248\u3002<strong>\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u4f5c\u54c1\u96c6\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u7248\u672c\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u900d\u9065\u6d3e\u5b66\u8005Andronicus of Rhodes\u6536\u85cf\u5e76\u6821\u8ba2\u51fa\u7248<\/strong>\uff08\u89c1\u666e\u9c81\u5854\u514b\u7684\u300a\u0392\u03af\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u300b26.1\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bf4\u6cd5\u88ab\u540e\u4e16\u5b66\u8005Jonathan Barnes\uff081977\uff09\u53cd\u9a73[54] \uff0c\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\u5728Andronicus of Rhodes\u51fa\u7248\u524d\u4e3b\u8981\u8457\u4f5c\u5df2\u7ecf\u6d41\u4f20\u4e8e\u5b66\u754c\uff0c\u800cAndronicus of Rhodes\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u662f\u5c06\u5176\u6574\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u70b9\u662f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3aAndronicus\u6240\u6536\u96c6\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u662f\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u672a\u66fe\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u3001\u5b66\u6d3e\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8bb2\u7a3f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f5c\u54c1\u53cd\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u4fdd\u5b58\uff0c\u800c\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u7684\u516c\u5f00\u4f5c\u54c1\u5374\u9057\u61be\u5730\u6563\u5931\u4e86[55] \u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9664\u4e86\u6700\u65e9\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u6700\u65e9\u5173\u4e8e\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u6587\u732e\u7684\u6d41\u4f20\u8bb0\u8f7d\u5927\u6982\u662f\u65af\u7279\u62c9\u6ce2\u57281\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u0393\u03b5\u03c9\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac\u300b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d13.1.54\u8bb0\u8f7d\u4e86\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u6b7b\u540e\u4ed6\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u53eb\u0398\u03b5\u03cc\u03c6\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2\u7684\u5f1f\u5b50\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86\u85cf\u4e66\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7ef4\u4e3a\u6559\u6388\u65e2\u7136\u90fd\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u300a\u96c5\u5178\u653f\u5236\u300b\uff08\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u88ab\u4ed6\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u300a\u96c5\u5178\u5baa\u7ae0\u300b\uff09\u548c\u300a\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u5341\u5377\u672c\u300b\uff0c<strong>\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u5e94\u8be5\u77e5\u9053\u300a\u96c5\u5178\u653f\u5236\u300b\u6070\u662f\u6536\u5f55\u5728\u5b83\u7684\u7b2c\u5341\u5377\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e2d\u8bd1\u672c\u7279\u610f\u589e\u8865\u8fdb\u53bb\u7684\u3002<\/strong>\u90a3\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u539fBekker\u7248\u6ca1\u6709\u300a\u96c5\u5178\u653f\u5236\u300b\u5462\uff1f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8bb0\u8f7d\u300a\u96c5\u5178\u653f\u5236\u300b\u7684Papyrus 131\u5728Bekker\u7248\u7f16\u8f91\u5b8c\u6210\u53d1\u552e\u4e8c\u5341\u202c\u5e74\u540e\u624d\u202c\u88ab\u53d1\u6398\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53ea\u6709\u5355\u884c\u672c\u3002\u82d7\u529b\u7530\u5728\u5e8f\u8a00\u4e2d\u8bf4\uff1a<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u8457\u4f5c\u7684\u6b8b\u7bc7\uff0c\u81ea\u8d1d\u514b\u5c14\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8bb8\u591a\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u5927\u529b\u641c\u6c42\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u5927\u5927\u5730\u4e30\u5bcc\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\u300a\u96c5\u5178\u6cd5\u5236\u300b\u7684\u7eb8\u8349\u57281890\u5e74\u88ab\u610f\u5916\u5f97\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u66f4\u4f7f\u8fd9\u79cd\u6b8b\u7bc7\u7684\u641c\u96c6\u5de5\u4f5c\u5177\u6709\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>\u60f3\u60f3\u82e5\u662f\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u89c2\u4f17\u56de\u5bb6\u771f\u4e70\u4e86\u300a\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u5168\u96c6\u300b\uff0c\u8d6b\u7136\u53d1\u73b0\u300a\u96c5\u5178\u653f\u5236\u300b\uff0c\u90a3\u5f97\u591a\u4e48\u5c34\u5c2c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7ef4\u4e3a\u6559\u6388\u4e3a\u6839\u636e\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u60f3\u8981\u8fbe\u6210\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u2014\u2014\u6784\u5efa\u300c\u897f\u65b9\u6587\u660e\u300d\u7684\u6d45\u8584\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u6240\u8c13\u5728\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e0a\u7684\u300c\u53cc\u6807\u300d\u2014\u2014\u6063\u610f\u5730\u526a\u88c1\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u63a8\u8bba\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u67d0\u79cd\u6697\u793a\u3002\u4ed6\u901a\u8fc7\u6697\u793a\u4e86\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u8457\u4f5c\u5728\u6587\u732e\u5b66\u4e0a\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\u3001\u6709\u4f5c\u4f2a\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u6765\u8d28\u7591\u897f\u65b9\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u300c\u771f\u5b9e\u6027\u300d\u3002\u9700\u8981\u518d\u6b21\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5f20\u6559\u6388\u5fc3\u76ee\u4e2d\u7684\u4e2d\u534e\u300c\u4e3b\u4f53\u300d\uff08\u6240\u8c13\u300c\u4e2d\u56fd\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u5b66\u300d\uff09\u5bf9\u897f\u65b9\u300c\u5ba2\u4f53\u300d\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u8d28\u7591\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u4ee3\u8868\u4e2d\u56fd\u300c\u4e89\u593a\u8bdd\u8bed\u6743\u300d\u548c\u6311\u6218\u897f\u65b9\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u5de9\u56fa\u89c2\u4f17\u5bf9\u5efa\u6784\u51fa\u7684\u300c\u4e3b\u4f53\u300d\u6837\u8c8c\u7684\u8ba4\u540c\u548c\u81ea\u4fe1\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e00\u53a2\u60c5\u613f\u7684\u7a7a\u60f3\u8bdd\u8bed\u53ea\u80fd\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u5bf9\u300c\u4ed6\u8005\u300d\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u5664\u58f0\u548c\u5bf9\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u65e0\u89c6\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002<\/strong> \u5f20\u6559\u6388\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5bf9\u6587\u732e\u8003\u8bc1\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\u65e0\u6240\u77e5\u3002<strong>\u5224\u65ad\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d41\u4f20\u81f3\u4eca\u7684\u53e4\u5178\u6587\u672c\u7684\u771f\u4f2a\u548c\u53ef\u4fe1\u5ea6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u6316\u6398\u51fa\u7279\u522b\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u6b8b\u7247<\/strong>\u2014\u2014\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u73b0\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u624b\u7a3f\u7684\u5bf9\u7167\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u4ece\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u672c\u8fdb\u884c\u975e\u5e38\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u8003\u636e\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u80cc\u666f\u77e5\u8bc6\u5305\u62ec\u6d41\u4f20\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3001\u8bc4\u8bba\u3001\u7f16\u4e66\u8bb0\u8f7d\u7b49\u2014\u2014\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u65af\u7279\u62c9\u6ce2\u548c\u897f\u585e\u7f57\u90fd\u5bf9\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u6709\u8fc7\u8bb0\u5f55\u548c\u8bc4\u8bba[56]\u3002\u897f\u65b9\u5b66\u8005\u5f88\u4e45\u4ee5\u524d\u5df2\u7ecf\u505a\u4e86\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u5f20\u6559\u6388\u6234\u7740\u4ed6\u7684\u300c\u897f\u65b9\u5b66\u300d\u6709\u8272\u773c\u955c\u5374\u89c6\u800c\u4e0d\u89c1\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/files\/2021\/04\/post-665048-607d697d2be7c.\" alt=\"img\" \/> <\/p>\n<div class=\"ts\">\u9664\u4e86Papyrus131\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u73b0\u6709\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u5e0c\u814a\u8bed\u6284\u672c\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u751f\u7269\u5b66\uff0c9\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u671f\uff0c\u85cf\u4e8e\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b66  <\/div>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u8d1d\u514b\u5c14\u572819\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u641c\u96c6\u6750\u6599\u51fa\u7248\u300a\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u5168\u96c6\u300b\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4ed6\u9664\u4e8615\u4e16\u7eaa\u540e\u7684\u5370\u5237\u7248\u672c\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u641c\u96c6\u4e86\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5e0c\u814a\u6587\u624b\u6284\u7a3f\u3002\u8bda\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u624b\u6284\u7a3f\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u540e\u671f\u7684\uff08\u6bd4\u598212\u4e16\u7eaa\uff09\uff0c<strong>\u4f46\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5730\u70b9\u51fa\u571f\u3001\u4fdd\u5b58\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5411\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u53e4\u4e45\u7684\u6587\u672c\u2014\u2014\u5bf9\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u4f5c\u54c1\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53e4\u8001\u6587\u672c\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u6307\u8ba4\u4e3aAndronicus\u6240\u7f16\u8f91\u7684\u5408\u96c6\u3002<\/strong>\u5b66\u8005\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u4e00\u4e9b\u6284\u672c\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u9519\u8bcd\u3001\u6f0f\u6284\u3001\u7279\u6b8a\u62fc\u5199\u7b49\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u6765\u753b\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u624b\u7a3f\u7684\u6811\u72b6\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u951a\u5b9a\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u6709\u624b\u7a3f\u4e2d\u7684\u54ea\u4e9b\u662f\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u3001\u4e92\u76f8\u6ca1\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u3002Reynolds\u6240\u8457\u7684\u300aScribes and Scholars\u300b\uff081991\uff09\u4e2d\u5bf9\u5e0c\u814a\u7f57\u9a6c\u7ecf\u5178\u6587\u672c\u6d41\u4f20\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5386\u53f2\u4ee5\u53ca\u8003\u636e\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bb0\u8f7d\u3002\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u7531\u82cf\u6770\u4e8e2015\u5e74\u8bd1\u8fdb\u5e76\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u4e2d\u6587\u540d\u53eb\u300a\u6284\u5de5\u4e0e\u5b66\u8005\u300b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5f20\u6559\u6388\u770b\u4e0d\u61c2\u539f\u6587\uff08\u8fd9\u5f88\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\uff09\uff0c\u7b14\u8005\u5e76\u4e0d\u541d\u556c\u514d\u8d39\u7ed9\u7ef4\u4e3a\u6559\u6388\u90ae\u5bc4\u4e00\u672c\u8bd1\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/files\/2021\/04\/post-665048-607d697eb0139.\" alt=\"img\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u4e3e\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a\u5728\u8d1d\u514b\u5c14\u7684\u7248\u672c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u7684\u300a\u5c3c\u5404\u9a6c\u53ef\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u6709\u516d\u7bc7\u57fa\u7840\u624b\u7a3f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c06\u5176\u5217\u5728\u4e86\u4e66\u4e2d\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>Kb Laurentianus LXXXI.11\uff0810\u4e16\u7eaa\uff09<\/p>\n<p>Lb Parisiensis 1854 \uff0812\u4e16\u7eaa\uff09<\/p>\n<p>Mb Marcianus 213 \uff0814\u4e16\u7eaa\uff09<\/p>\n<p>Ob Riccardianus 46 \uff0814\u4e16\u7eaa\uff09<\/p>\n<p>Ha Marcianus 214 \uff0814\u4e16\u7eaa\uff09<\/p>\n<p>Na Marcianus Append. iv.53 \uff0814\u4e16\u7eaa\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u5b66\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u624b\u7a3f\u7f16\u8f91\u6210<strong>\u8003\u8bc1\u7248\u672c\uff08critical edition\uff09<\/strong>\u2014\u2014\u8bb0\u4e0b\u526f\u672c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u6240\u6709\u624b\u7a3f\u3001\u67d0\u4e9b\u8bd1\u6587\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u80cc\u666f\u6587\u732e\u6765\u5bf9\u5206\u6b67\u70b9\u8fdb\u884c\u63a8\u6d4b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u624b\u7a3f\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u7248\u8bb8\u591a\u90fd\u80fd\u591f\u5728https:\/\/library.princeton.edu\/byzantine\/ \u6216\u8005\u5404\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u3001\u6863\u6848\u9986\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\u627e\u5230\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5373\u4f7f\u80fd\u591f\u88ab\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f88\u96be\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u641c\u7d22\u5f15\u64ce\u4e2d\u88ab\u641c\u51fa\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5c4f\u969c\u663e\u7136\u52a0\u5267\u4e86\u5f20\u6559\u6388\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e2d\u90a3\u4e2a\u300c\u897f\u65b9\u300d\u5ba2\u4f53\u7684\u5931\u8bed\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u5b8c\u5168\u7b26\u5408\u8428\u4e49\u5fb7\u8f6c\u8ff0\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u7684\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\uff1a<strong>\u300c\u4ed6\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u8868\u8ff0\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u88ab\u522b\u4eba\u8868\u8ff0\u3002\u300d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u63a5\u7740\u7ee7\u7eed\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/files\/2021\/04\/post-665048-607d69808cced.\" alt=\"img\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e00\u6bb5\u5341\u5206\u6df7\u4e71\uff0c\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u95ee\u9898\u3002<strong>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u662f\uff0c\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u8bed\u7684\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u6284\u672c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u300c\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u300d\u3002<\/strong>\u7559\u5b58\u7684\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u6587\u624b\u6284\u672c\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u4e14\u5927\u591a\u6570\u90fd\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0a\u65e9\u4e8e\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u5e0c\u814a\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u56fe\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff1a\u8fd9\u662f10\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e00\u4f4d\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5bb6Mata ibn Yunus\uff08\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633 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\/><\/p>\n<p>\u540c\u6837\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c<strong>\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5982\u5f20\u6559\u6388\u6697\u793a\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u662f\u5e0c\u814a\u8bed-\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u8bed-\u62c9\u4e01\u8bed\u8fd9\u6837\u5355\u7ebf\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/strong>\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u4f5c\u54c1\u73b0\u5728\u786e\u5b9e\u4ec5\u5b58\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u8bed\u672c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4ece\u963f\u8bed\u8bd1\u4e3a\u62c9\u4e01\u8bed\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1<strong>\u540e\u6765\u90fd\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u5e0c\u814a\u6587\u6284\u672c<\/strong>\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u4eec\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u4e1c\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5728\u897f\u6b27\u5931\u4f20\u4e86\u3002\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u524d\u6587\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u8457\u4f5c\uff08\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b66\u85cf\u6284\u672c\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a\u6839\u636eWilson\uff082011\uff09\u7684\u9610\u8ff0\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u8457\u4f5c\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u9996\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u662fMichael 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decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/files\/2021\/04\/post-665048-607d6967c8849.png\" alt=\"img\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u5f20\u6559\u6388\u8bf4\uff1a<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5178\u7c4d\uff0c\u6bd4\u65b9\u8bf4\u300a\u5de6\u4f20\u300b\u3001\u300a\u6c49\u4e66\u300b\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4e5f\u662f\u5230\u4e86\u5b8b\u4ee3\uff0c\u96d5\u7248\u5370\u5237\u624d\u5f00\u59cb\u666e\u53ca\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u51fa\u571f\u7684\u4e00\u624b\u6587\u7269\u5f88\u4e86\u4e0d\u8d77\uff0c\u6587\u732e\u975e\u5e38\u4e4b\u4e30\u5bcc\uff0c\u660e\u663e\u6bd4\u6b27\u6d32\u8981\u591a\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u8981\u65e9\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u6bd4\u65b9\u8bf4\uff0c\u6e56\u5317\u90ed\u5e97\u6751\u7684\u695a\u5893\u4e2d\u6240\u51fa\u571f\u7684\u300a\u8001\u5b50\u300b\u7af9\u7b80\uff1b\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u300a\u9053\u5fb7\u7ecf\u300b\u6709\u897f\u6c49\u521d\u5e74\u9a6c\u738b\u5806\u7684\u5e1b\u4e66\uff1b\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u300b\u6709\u6cb3\u5317\u5b9a\u5dde\u7684\u897f\u6c49\u7af9\u7b80\uff1b\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u300a\u5c1a\u4e66\u300b\u6709\u6e05\u534e\u7af9\u7b80\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u516c\u5143\u524d\u4e09\u4e16\u7eaa\u3001\u56db\u4e16\u7eaa\u3001\u4e94\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u79bb\u6211\u4eec\u53e4\u4ee3\u5148\u8d24\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u975e\u5e38\u8fd1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u5f20\u6559\u6388\u76f4\u63a5\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u5c45\u9ad8\u4e34\u4e0b\u7684\u8bc4\u5224\uff01 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Ephron\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u9996\u6292\u60c5\u8bd7[58]\uff0c\u548c\u6bb7\u589f\u7532\u9aa8\u6587\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5341\u5206\u63a5\u8fd1\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/files\/2021\/04\/post-665048-607d69866e627.\" alt=\"img\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u800c\u5728\u6587\u732e\u7684\u5e7f\u5ea6\u548c\u603b\u91cf\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e2d\u539f\u6c14\u5019\u8f83\u4e3a\u6f6e\u6e7f\uff0c\u6240\u7528\u7684\u4e66\u5199\u6750\u6599\uff08\u7af9\u7b80\u7b49\uff09\u4e5f\u5bb9\u6613\u8150\u70c2\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e0d\u4e89\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002<strong>\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5e0c\u814a\u3001\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\u732e\u56e0\u4e3a\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u6781\u5ea6\u5e72\u71e5\u7684\u57c3\u53ca\uff0c\u5c31\u5b8c\u6574\u5730\u4fdd\u7559\u4e0b\u6765\u3002<\/strong>\u6bd4\u5982\u5305\u542b\u524d\u6587\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u300a\u96c5\u5178\u653f\u5236\u300b\u7684\u6b27\u514b\u7eea\u5c14\u8bb8\u5e93\u65af\u838e\u8349\u7eb8\uff08Oxyrhynchus Papyri\uff09\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u516c\u5f00\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u4e94\u5343\u591a\u4efd\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u53f2\u5b66\u3001\u54f2\u5b66\u3001\u8bd7\u6b4c\u3001\u83dc\u8c31\u3001\u6bd4\u8d5b\u8bb0\u5f55\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u8fd8\u5728\u7ee7\u7eed\u51fa\u7248<strong>\uff08\u603b\u6570\u53ef\u80fd\u670950\u4e07\u4efd\u4e4b\u591a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u65e0\u6bd4\u5de8\u91cf\uff09<\/strong>[59]\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u300c\u897f\u65b9\u6587\u660e\u300d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6587\u672c\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u4e5f\u6709\u516c\u5143\u524d3\u30014\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u3001\u4fdd\u5b58\u5341\u5206\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u5883\u5185\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u6b7b\u6d77\u53e4\u5377\uff08\u4ec5\u7f3a\u300a\u4ee5\u65af\u8d34\u8bb0\u300b\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8981\u72ed\u4e49\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u51fa\u571f\u6587\u732e\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5c11\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u56e0\u4e3a\u7ef4\u82cf\u5a01\u706b\u5c71\u55b7\u53d1\u800c\u78b3\u5316\u56e0\u800c\u4fdd\u5b58\u81f3\u4eca\u7684\u8d6b\u5e93\u5170\u5c3c\u59c6\u838e\u8349\u7eb8\uff08Herculaneum Papyri\uff09\uff0c\u5171\u6709\u4e00\u5343\u591a\u4efd\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/files\/2021\/04\/post-665048-607d6988958c4.png\" alt=\"img\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u5361\u5c14\u97e6\u4f2f\u57281752\u5e74\u53d1\u6398\uff0c\u56fe\u662f1428\u53f7\u838e\u8349\u7eb8\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\u53d1\u6398\u51fa\u6765\u4e00\u4e2a\u548c\u73b0\u4ee3\u6587\u672c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u53e4\u7c4d\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u5176\u300c\u672c\u771f\u6027\u300d\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u786e\u8bc1\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u6070\u6070\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u6709\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u975e\u5e38\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6587\u732e\u8003\u636e\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/strong> 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u88ab\u987e\u9889\u521a\u91cd\u89c6\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u8d21\u732e\u5728\u4e8e\u300e\u7ecf\u4e66\u4e0d\u5f53\u7ecf\u4e66\u300c\u5723\u9053\u300d\u770b\u800c\u5f53\u4f5c\u53f2\u6599\u770b\uff0c\u5723\u8d24\u4e0d\u5f53\u4f5c\u5723\u8d24\u300c\u8d85\u4eba\u300d\u770b\u800c\u5f53\u4f5c\u51e1\u4eba\u770b\u300f\u300c\u89c1\u987e\u9889\u521a\u7684\u300a\u60bc\u738b\u9759\u5b89\u5148\u751f\u300b\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n[25]\u89c1\u80e1\u9002\u7684\u300a\u4ecb\u7ecd\u51e0\u90e8\u65b0\u51fa\u7684\u53f2\u5b66\u4e66\u300b<\/p>\n[26]\u89c1\u987e\u9889\u521a\u7684\u300a\u79e6\u6c49\u7684\u65b9\u58eb\u4e0e\u5112\u751f\u5e8f\u300b<\/p>\n[27]\u89c1\u300a\u53e4\u53f2\u8fa8\u7b2c\u4e09\u518c\u81ea\u5e8f\u300b<\/p>\n[28]\u89c1\u300a\u6218\u56fd\u79e6\u6c49\u95f4\u4eba\u7684\u9020\u4f2a\u4e0e\u8fa8\u4f2a\u300b<\/p>\n[29]\u89c1\u300a\u7b54\u5218\u80e1\u4e24\u5148\u751f\u4e66\u300b<\/p>\n[30]\u89c1\u4f59\u82f1\u65f6\u7684\u300a\u58eb\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u300b;\u7f57\u5fd7\u7530\u7684\u300a\u8fd1\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u6743\u52bf\u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\u300b<\/p>\n[31]\u89c1\u9ec4\u8fdb\u5174\u7684\u300a\u7687\u5e1d\u3001\u5112\u751f\u4e0e\u5b54\u5e99\u300b<\/p>\n[32]\u89c1\u300a\u56db\u5e93\u5168\u4e66\u603b\u76ee\u300b\u7ecf\u90e8\u603b\u53d9<\/p>\n[33]\u89c1\u718a\u5341\u529b\u7684\u300a\u6587\u5316\u4e0e\u54f2\u5b66\u300b<\/p>\n[34]\u89c1\u987e\u9889\u521a\u7684\u300a\u6211\u662f\u600e\u6837\u7f16\u5199?\u300b<\/p>\n[35]\u89c1\u300a\u94b1\u7384\u540c\u65e5\u8bb0\u300b<\/p>\n[36]\u89c1\u80e1\u9002\u7684\u300a\u81ea\u8ff0\u53e4\u53f2\u89c2\u4e66\u300b<\/p>\n[37]\u89c1\u6881\u542f\u8d85\u7684\u300a\u6e05\u4ee3\u5b66\u672f\u6982\u8bba\u300b<\/p>\n[38]\u89c1\u80e1\u9002\u7684\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u54f2\u5b66\u53f2\u5927\u7eb2\u300b<\/p>\n[39]\u89c1\u987e\u9889\u521a\u7684\u300a\u53e4\u53f2\u8fa8\u7b2c\u4e8c\u518c\u81ea\u5e8f\u300b<\/p>\n[40]\u89c1\u987e\u9889\u521a\u7684\u300a\u53e4\u53f2\u8fa8\u7b2c\u4e09\u518c\u81ea\u5e8f\u300b<\/p>\n[41]\u89c1\u5f20\u8d8a\u7684\u300a\u300a\u53e4\u53f2\u8fa8\u300b\u4e0e\u201c\u53e4\u53f2\u8fa8\u6d3e\u201d\u8fa8\u6790\u300b<\/p>\n[42]\u89c1\u5218\u639e\u85dc\u7684\u300a\u8bfb\u987e\u9889\u521a\u541b\u3008\u4e0e\u94b1\u7384\u540c\u5148\u751f\u8bba\u53e4\u53f2\u4e66\u3009\u7684\u7591\u95ee\u300b<\/p>\n[43]\u89c1\u80e1\u5807\u4eba\u7684\u300a\u8bfb\u987e\u9889\u521a\u5148\u751f\u8bba\u53e4\u53f2\u4e66\u4ee5\u540e\u300b<\/p>\n[44]\u89c1\u5218\u639e\u85dc\u7684\u300a\u8ba8\u8bba\u53e4\u53f2\u518d\u8d28\u987e\u5148\u751f\u300b<\/p>\n[45]\u89c1\u9646\u61cb\u5fb7\u7684\u300a\u8bc4\u987e\u9889\u521a\u3008\u53e4\u53f2\u8fa8\u3009\u300b<\/p>\n[46]\u300a\u65b0\u53f2\u5b66\u4e5d\u5341\u5e74\u300b<\/p>\n[47]\u300a\u672a\u5c3d\u7684\u624d\u60c5\u2014\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u3008\u65e5\u8bb0\u3009\u770b\u987e\u9889\u521a\u7684\u5185\u5fc3\u4e16\u754c\u300b<\/p>\n[48]\u89c1\u7ae0\u592a\u708e\u7684\u300a\u53f2\u5b66\u7565\u8bf4\u300b<\/p>\n[49]\u89c1\u7ae0\u592a\u708e\u7684\u300a\u5f81\u4fe1\u8bba\u300b<\/p>\n[50]\u89c1Leopold von Ranke\u7684\u300aGeschichten der romanischen undgermanischen V\u00f6lker von 1494 &#8211; 1514\u300b\u7b2c\u56db\u9875<\/p>\n[51]\u89c1Leopold von Ranke\u7684\u300aDeutsche Geschichte im Zeitalter derReformation\u300b\u7684\u7b2c\u516d\u3001\u4e03\u7ae0<\/p>\n[52]\u5f15\u7528\u90fd\u6765\u81ea\u300a\u4e1c\u65b9\u5b66\u300b\u6c49\u8bd1\u539f\u6587<\/p>\n[53]Occidentalism\uff1aA Theory of Counter-Discourse in\u3010\u6570\u636e\u5220\u9664\u3011<\/p>\n[54]\u89c1\u300aRoman Aristotle\u300b<\/p>\n[55]\u89c1Barnes,1995<\/p>\n[56]\u89c1Barnes\u300c1995\u300d<\/p>\n[57]\u89c1HenryD. Ephron\u7684\u300aTheJeson Tablet of Enkomi\u300b<\/p>\n[58]\u89c1Jacqueline,VassosKarageorghis\u7684\u300aSyllabicInscriptions from Cyprus 1959-1961\u300b<\/p>\n[59]\u53ef\u4ee5\u5173\u6ce8\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b66\u5bf9\u6b64\u7684\u4e13\u95e8\u9879\u76ee\uff1a<a href=\"http:\/\/www.papyrology.ox.ac.uk\/POxy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.papyrology.ox.ac.uk\/POxy\/<\/a><\/p>\n[60]\u53c2\u89c1<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ctext.org\/wiki.pl?if=gb&amp;chapter=784211&amp;remap=gb\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/ctext.org\/wiki.pl?if=gb&amp;chapter=784211&amp;remap=gb<\/a><\/p>\n[61]\u53c2\u89c1\u8bf8\u5148\u751f\u7684\u535a\u5ba2<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/blog.sina.com.cn\/s\/blog\\_646ae1f80102zp2l.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/blog.sina.com.cn\/s\/blog\\_646ae1f80102zp2l.html<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u53ca\u4e66\u76ee <\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u671f\u520a\u8bba\u6587<\/p>\n<p>\u5b59\u94a6\u5584\uff1a\u300a\u53e4\u4ee3\u8fa8\u4f2a\u5b66\u6982\u8ff0\u300b\u300c\u4e0a\u300d\uff0c\u300a\u6587\u732e\u300b1982\u5e74\u7b2c4\u671f<\/p>\n<p>\u94b1\u7384\u540c\uff1a\u300a\u5e9f\u8bdd\u300c\u5e9f\u8bdd\u7684\u5e9f\u8bdd\u300d\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u8bed\u4e1d\u300b1925\u7b2c40\u671f<\/p>\n<p>\u6797\u6c84\uff1a\u300a\u771f\u8be5\u8d70\u51fa\u7591\u53e4\u65f6\u4ee3\u5417\uff1f\u2014\u2014\u5bf9\u5f53\u524d\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u5178\u5b66\u53d6\u5411\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u300a\u53f2\u5b66\u96c6\u520a\u300b2007\u5e74\u7b2c3\u671f<\/p>\n<p>\u4f59\u82f1\u65f6\uff1a\u300a\u987e\u9889\u521a\u3001\u6d2a\u4e1a\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u73b0\u4ee3\u53f2\u5b66\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u660e\u62a5\u6708\u520a\u300b1981\u5e74\u7b2c5\u671f<\/p>\n<p>\u7d20\u75f4\u300c\u65e2\u5f20\u836b\u9e9f\u53f7\u300d\uff1a\u300a\u8fd1\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b66\u672f\u53f2\u4e0a\u4e4b\u6881\u4efb\u516c\u5148\u751f\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u5927\u516c\u62a5\u00b7\u6587\u5b66\u526f\u520a\u300b 1929\u5e74\u7b2c57\u671f<\/p>\n<p>\u674e\u957f\u94f6\uff1a\u300a\u53e4\u53f2\u8fa8\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5174\u8d77-\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b66\u672f\u53f2\u7684\u5206\u6790\u300b\u535a\u58eb\u8bba\u6587 2013\u5e74<\/p>\n<p>\u674e\u957f\u94f6:\u300a\u5bfc\u592b\u5148\u8def:\u6881\u542f\u8d85\u4e0e\u201c\u53e4\u53f2\u8fa8\u8fd0\u52a8\u201d\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u5317\u4eac\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u300b 2014\u5e74\u7b2c12\u671f<\/p>\n<p>\u738b\u6674\u4f73:\u300a\u987e\u9889\u521a\u53ca\u5176\u201c\u7591\u53e4\u53f2\u5b66\u201d\u65b0\u89e3\u2014\u2014\u2014\u8bd5\u4ece\u5fc3\u7406\u3001\u6027\u683c\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u534e\u6587\u53f2\u8bba\u4e1b\u300b 2017\u5e74\u7b2c4\u671f<\/p>\n<p>\u738b\u672c\u671d\uff1a\u300a\u4ece\u590d\u53e4\u5230\u53cd\u590d\u53e4\uff1a\u94b1\u7384\u540c\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u8ba4\u540c\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u73b0\u4ee3\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e1b\u520a\u300b2019\u5e74\u7b2c8\u671f<\/p>\n<p>\u6731\u6d69\uff1a\u300a\u8bba\u6790\u7ae0\u592a\u708e\u7684\u201c\u4fe1\u53f2\u89c2\u201d\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u7eb5\u6a2a\u300b 2017\u5e74\u7b2c3\u671f<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u9898\u56fe\u7075\u611f\u6765\u6e90\u5434\u5c71\u4e13\u4f5c\u54c1\u300a\u4e09\u5341\u4e8c\u4e2a\u9519\u522b\u5b57\u300b \u4f5c\u8005 \/ \u661f\u539f\uff0cZxx\uff08\u6392\u540d\u4e0d\u5206\u5148\u540e\uff09 \u7f16\u8f91 \/ \u6656\u6d01 \u6392\u7248 \/ y [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1069,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","ampforwp-amp-on-off":"","home_featured":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[41492,43134,45438,18271,38912],"tags":[9375,25546,41065,43421,43422,43423],"class_list":["post-665048","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-twitter","category-sub-headline","category-citizen","category-level-2","category-38912","tag-9375","tag-25546","tag-41065","tag-43421","tag-43422","tag-43423","et-doesnt-have-format-content","et_post_format-et-post-format-standard"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/665048","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1069"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=665048"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/665048\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=665048"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=665048"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/chinese\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=665048"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}