{"id":201539,"date":"2017-07-11T00:11:52","date_gmt":"2017-07-11T07:11:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/?p=201539"},"modified":"2021-09-14T20:24:38","modified_gmt":"2021-09-15T03:24:38","slug":"beijing-says-sino-british-treaty-hk-handover-still-binding","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/2017\/07\/beijing-says-sino-british-treaty-hk-handover-still-binding\/","title":{"rendered":"Beijing: Hong Kong Handover Treaty Still Binding"},"content":{"rendered":"
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A Ministry of Foreign Affairs official has clarified a remark made\u00a0at a press conference on June 30th<\/a> by spokesperson Lu Kang\u00a0regarding China’s stance on the Sino-British\u00a0Joint Declaration on the handover of Hong Kong. Lu’s statement suggested that\u00a0China no longer considers the Sino-British\u00a0Joint Declaration to be legally binding. The document, signed in 1984, set out the blueprint for how Hong Kong would be governed after its return to China and contains guarantees for the city\u2019s rights and freedoms under the “one country two systems” arrangement. China has now reiterated its commitment to the “two systems” formula and confirmed that the Sino-British treaty remained in force and is binding<\/strong><\/a>, but stressed that it will not allow the United Kingdom to interfere in the city’s internal affairs. Joyce Ng at South China Morning Post reports:<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Xu Hong, director general of the Chinese foreign ministry\u2019s treaty and law department, sought to clarify a colleague\u2019s recent remarks suggesting the irrelevance of the treaty. He also assured Hong Kong that Beijing was committed to upholding the \u201cone country, two systems\u201d policy \u2013 not under the treaty, but because of a commitment in the city\u2019s mini-constitution.<\/p>\n

[…]\u00a0\u201cHe said \u2018it no longer has realistic meaning\u2019. This is understandable when we look at the issue against the background that some country was trying to use the joint declaration for pointing fingers,\u201d Xu said. \u201cBut we have never denied the fact that the joint declaration is a treaty.\u201d<\/p>\n

While acknowledging the document registered with the United Nations was \u201cnot without [legally] binding effect\u201d, he pointed out that its main text only mentioned Britain would \u201crestore\u201d Hong Kong to China, but included no provision for its rights and responsibilities after the handover.<\/p>\n

China\u2019s basic Hong Kong policies, elaborated in annex I of the joint declaration, were a \u201cunilateral\u201d declaration over which Britain had no say, he added. [Source<\/strong><\/a>]<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

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During his briefing with reporters, Lu referred to the treaty as a \u201chistorical document\u201d that \u201cno longer has any practical significance\u201d<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0for the Chinese government\u2019s management of Hong Kong. Lu’s\u00a0statement was made on the eve of the 20th anniversary of the former British colony\u2019s handover to Chinese rule, during which President Xi Jinping was present in the city<\/a> to mark the occasion and call attention to Beijing’s authority over its handling of Hong Kong affairs<\/a>. Ben Blanchard and Michael Holden described his statement at Reuters:<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

“Now Hong Kong has returned to the motherland’s embrace for 20 years, the Sino-British Joint Declaration, as a historical document, no longer has any practical significance, and it is not at all binding for the central government’s management over Hong Kong. The UK has no sovereignty, no power to rule and no power to supervise Hong Kong after the handover,” Lu said.<\/p>\n

Britain said it had a legal responsibility to ensure China abided by its obligations under the declaration.<\/p>\n

“The Sino-British Joint Declaration remains as valid today as it did when it was signed over 30 years ago,” a British Foreign Office spokeswoman said.<\/p>\n

“It is a legally binding treaty, registered with the U.N. and continues to be in force. As a co-signatory, the UK government is committed to monitoring its implementation closely.” [Source<\/strong><\/a>]<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

At Lawfare, Julian Ku from Hofstra University School of Law argued that Lu’s statement did not translate into a complete voiding of the Joint Declaration in its entirety<\/strong><\/a>. Rather, only specific portions of the Declaration concerning the transition were considered no longer binding, with the confusion caused by subtle differences in translation between Reuters’ rendition of Lu’s statement and the official translation by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.<\/p>\n

[…In] reviewing the English translation of the spokesman\u2019s remarks, we all might be overreacting a little. As always, the best understanding of what he really meant may require taking into account tricky problems of translation. Here is the\u00a0MFA\u2019s official translation<\/a>\u00a0of the same remarks translated by Reuters above:<\/p>\n

It’s been 20 years now since Hong Kong’s return to the motherland, and the arrangements during the transitional period prescribed in the Sino-British Joint Declaration are now history and of no practical significance, nor are they binding on the Chinese central government’s administration\u00a0of the Hong Kong SAR.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

The key difference lies not so much in language as in grammar. In the Reuters translation, the phrase \u201cnot at all binding\u201d refers to the \u201c1984 Sino-British Joint Declaration.\u201d But in the MFA translation, the phrase \u201cnor are\u00a0they<\/em>\u00a0binding\u201d refers to the \u201carrangements during the transitional period prescribed<\/em>\u00a0in the Sino-British Joint Declaration\u201d (emphasis added). \u00a0The difference is small but significant. In the Reuters version, China is saying the entire Joint Declaration is not binding, but in the MFA version, China is saying that the \u201carrangements during the transitional period\u201d in the Joint Declaration are not binding. The English translation\u2019s use of the plural \u201cnor are\u00a0they<\/em>\u00a0binding\u201d makes this difference clear. Under the MFA translation, China could be saying those \u201carrangements during the transitional period\u201d are not binding, but that the rest of the Joint Declaration (whatever that is) remains in force. [Source<\/strong><\/a>]<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

However, Donald Clarke at The China Collection responded that the original Chinese transcript itself suggested that the official translation was mistaken<\/strong><\/a> and that Lu was in fact referring to the\u00a0Joint Declaration in its entirety.<\/p>\n

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1984\u5e74\u7684\u300a\u4e2d\u82f1\u8054\u5408\u58f0\u660e\u300b\u5c31\u4e2d\u65b9\u6062\u590d\u5bf9\u9999\u6e2f\u884c\u4f7f\u4e3b\u6743\u548c\u8fc7\u6e21\u671f\u6709\u5173\u5b89\u6392\u4f5c\u4e86\u6e05\u6670\u5212\u5206\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u5df2\u7ecf\u56de\u5f52\u7956\u56fd\u6000\u62b120\u5e74\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u82f1\u8054\u5408\u58f0\u660e\u300b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u73b0\u5b9e\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u9999\u6e2f\u7279\u533a\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5177\u5907\u4efb\u4f55\u7ea6\u675f\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

The Sino-British Joint Declaration of 1984 made a clear distinction between [a] China\u2019s resumption of the exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong and [b] relevant arrangements for the transitional period. It has already been 20 years now since Hong Kong returned to the embrace of the motherland; the Sino-British Joint Declaration, as a historical document, possesses no practical significance of any kind, and has no binding force of any kind with respect to the central government\u2019s administration of the Hong Kong SAR.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

We can see right away that the MFA translation is simply wrong. It is clear that the subject of the verbs in the phrases \u201cpossesses no practical significance\u201d and \u201chas no binding force\u201d is the Joint Declaration in its entirety, not merely a subpart of it concerned with \u201carrangements for the transitional period\u201d. Moreover, the context reinforces this point. In a statement about what is binding under the Joint Declaration and what is not, what could be the purpose of the first sentence stating that the Joint Declaration made a clear distinction between pre-handover transitional arrangements on the one hand and the post-handover exercise of sovereignty by China on the other? The answer seems unescapable: the MFA is saying that to the extent it was binding at all, the Joint Declaration was binding only with respect to pre-handover transitional arrangements. And (so the argument goes) as that transition period ended 20 years ago, there are of course no binding obligations left. [Source<\/strong><\/a>]<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

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During talks with Theresa May at the recent G20 meeting, Xi Jinping said that the two countries should seek common ground and shelve their differences<\/strong><\/a>, Tom Phillips at The Guardian reported:<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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The Chinese president and the British prime minister held a 30-minute bilateral meeting at the G20 in Hamburg, Germany, on Friday, one week after\u00a0a war of words broke out\u00a0between London and Beijing over Hong Kong.<\/p>\n

According to China\u2019s official news agency, Xinhua,\u00a0Xi told May\u00a0that Britain and China should \u201crespect each other\u2019s\u00a0core interests\u00a0and major concerns\u201d \u2013 of which Beijing considers the former British colony to be one.<\/p>\n

\u201cChina and Britain need to seek common ground while shelving differences, and preserve the overall development of bilateral ties through concrete efforts to achieve more stable, rapid and sound development of bilateral relations,\u201d Xi added.<\/p>\n

A senior No 10 official said that during a \u201cwarm meeting\u201d with Xi, May offered her congratulations for the recent 20th anniversary of Hong Kong\u2019s return to\u00a0China\u00a0in July 1997.<\/p>\n

According to the official, May highlighted the economic success\u00a0Hong Kong\u00a0was enjoying but also \u201cstressed the continued commitment to the \u2018one country, two systems\u2019 regime,\u201d under which its 7.3 million citizens enjoy greater freedoms than those of China\u2019s authoritarian mainland. [Source<\/strong><\/a>]<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A Ministry of Foreign Affairs official has clarified a remark made\u00a0at a press conference on June 30th by spokesperson Lu Kang\u00a0regarding China’s stance on the Sino-British\u00a0Joint Declaration on the handover of Hong Kong. Lu’s statement suggested that\u00a0China no longer considers the Sino-British\u00a0Joint Declaration to be legally binding. The document, signed in 1984, set out the […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1088,"featured_media":180586,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[116,35,14744,14745,14746,100],"tags":[4661,1667,7445,4674],"class_list":["post-201539","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-world","category-hong-kong","category-level-2-article","category-level-3-article","category-level-4-article","category-politics","tag-hong-kong-handover","tag-hong-kong-politics","tag-united-kingdom","tag-xi-jinping","et-has-post-format-content","et_post_format-et-post-format-standard"],"yoast_head":"\nBeijing: Hong Kong Handover Treaty Still Binding<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/chinadigitaltimes.net\/2017\/07\/beijing-says-sino-british-treaty-hk-handover-still-binding\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Beijing: Hong Kong Handover Treaty Still Binding\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A Ministry of Foreign Affairs official has clarified a remark made\u00a0at a press conference on June 30th by spokesperson Lu Kang\u00a0regarding China’s stance on the Sino-British\u00a0Joint Declaration on the handover of Hong Kong. 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