查看“Xia Yeliang”的源代码

<h3>[[夏业良]]</h3>
[[File:XiaYeliang.jpg|300px|thumb|right|''Xia Yeliang (Source: RFA/Wikimedia Commons)'']]
<blockquote>''Through combing over and pondering political philosophy, comparative politics, the history of development of liberalism and political science, the history of economics, and institutional economics, I became even more firm in my standpoint and pursuit: that ending one party-autocracy and totalitarian rule, guaranteeing the basic rights and freedoms of citizens, and realizing constitutional democracy, rule of law, and individual freedoms and choices are key factors for establishing a federal republic with a system of checks and balances on power in China.''</blockquote>

<blockquote><div style="text-align: right; direction: ltr; margin-left: 1em;">''—Xia Yeliang, [https://www.hrichina.org/en/china-rights-forum/perplexities-and-exploration-autocratic-age Perplexities and Exploration in an Autocratic Age]''</div></blockquote>
Xia Yeliang is a liberal economist, former economics professor at Peking University's School of Economics, and early drafter and signatory of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charter_08 Charter 08] manifesto. In 2013, amid the [https://chinadigitaltimes.net/2013/10/party-journal-decries-western-democracy-trap/ beginnings of a Party crackdown on liberal ideology], Xia was [https://chinadigitaltimes.net/2013/10/peking-university-expels-liberal-professor-xia-yeliang/ expelled from his faculty position at Peking University] after a 30-3 faculty vote. While the university [https://chinadigitaltimes.net/2013/10/xia/ claimed that Xia was terminated due to a poor teaching record, many—including Xia himself—believe that his record of political outspokenness] was a factor in the decision.

Xia was [https://www.hrichina.org/chs/ren-quan-lun-tan/zhuan-zhi-shi-dai-de-kun-huo-yu-tan-qiu born on September 4, 1960 in Wuhu, Anhui]. In 1984, Xia obtained a bachelor's degree from Anhui University, and later went on to earn an MA and a PhD in economics at Fudan University in Shanghai. From 1984 to 1987, he worked in a government foreign affairs office. In 1989, while in San Francisco completing an EMBA program, he watched the June 4th crackdown on pro-democracy protesters in Beijing, too troubled to study he remained "[https://www.hrichina.org/en/china-rights-forum/perplexities-and-exploration-autocratic-age glued to CNN's live broadcasts]." He returned to China to be with his wife and young son. In 2000 Xia began a postdoc at Peking University, and [http://cddrl.fsi.stanford.edu/people/david%20yeliang_xia began teaching economics and western economic history courses] at the university as an associate professor in 2002. He has authored books on economic reform and institutional change, and has served as a visiting scholar at UC Berkeley, UCLA, Stanford, and the Cato Institute. Xia was also a founder of the Cathay Institute of Public Affairs.

Xia was one of the drafters and original signatories of Charter 08, a manifesto that called for greater human rights and democratic reforms in China. Xia reported being [https://chinadigitaltimes.net/2009/02/charter-08-still-alive-in-the-chinese-blogosphere/ called for a "chat" with authorities] after Charter 08, during which he felt his position at Peking University was being threatened due to his outspokenness. He reports being [https://www.hrichina.org/en/china-rights-forum/perplexities-and-exploration-autocratic-age labeled a dissident after signing the manifesto, and receiving threats and regular police monitoring and travel restrictions]. In early 2011, Xia was placed under house arrest as authorities cracked down on [[jasmine | "Jasmine Revolution" pro-democracy protests]] inspired by the ongoing street protests across the Middle East.    

In the summer of 2013, Xia was informed that the [https://chinadigitaltimes.net/2013/07/peking-university-professor-faces-politically-charged-vote/ continuation of his position at Peking University would soon be subject to a vote by his fellow faculty members]. Initial reports cited [http://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/1277838/liberal-peking-university-professor-threatened-expulsion Xia's outspoken liberal ideas and online comments] critical of censorship and Xi Jinping's "Chinese Dream" slogan as the reason for his potential firing. Xia claimed that he had [https://chinadigitaltimes.net/2013/08/us-professors-and-scientists-implore-peking-university-not-to-fire-xia-yeliang/ privately received support from colleagues, but feared they would likely vote against him to follow the will of the Party]. Ahead of the vote, overseas [http://concernedscientists.org/2013/08/respected-chinese-professor-of-economics-fears-expulsion-for-opinions-from-university/ organizations of scholars voiced support] for Xia, and over [https://chinadigitaltimes.net/2013/10/wellesley-peking-university-partnership-tested/ 100 faculty members at Wellesley College signed a petition] urging their institution to reconsider a partnership with PKU if Xia was fired. The situation [https://chinadigitaltimes.net/2013/10/xia-yeliang-prospects-academic-freedom-china/ stoked ongoing concerns over academic freedom in China]. In October 2013, the PKU School of Economics [https://chinadigitaltimes.net/2013/10/peking-university-expels-liberal-professor-xia-yeliang/ voted 30-3 (with one abstention) to expel Xia from his post]. While Xia's expulsion—coming as it did at the beginnings of Xi Jinping's ongoing drive for ideological orthodoxy in the Party, academy, and society at large—appeared to be politically motivated, the [https://www.theatlantic.com/china/archive/2013/10/chinese-dissidents-students-say-poor-teaching-not-politics-caused-firing/280759/ university argued it was a result of his poor teaching record. Journalist Eric Fish's interviews] with several of Xia's former students lent credence to that claim. An [https://chinadigitaltimes.net/2014/01/email-suggests-xia-yeliang-fired-political-views/ email that emerged months later from the Party Secretary of PKU's School of Economics, however, explicitly included warnings] to Xia about the expression of his political views, suggesting those were at least partly cause for his termination.

In 2014, after beginning a fellowship in Washington D.C. at the libertarian Cato Institute, [https://chinadigitaltimes.net/2014/02/chinese-dissident-lands-cato-institute/ Xia warned American academics to be careful in dealing with Chinese universities] in an interview with the New York Times.