多个国家宣布放弃建设核电站计划，全球二氧化碳温室气体排放将急剧增加

原作者：
来源Nuclear power loses its appeal after Japan crisis | Environment | The Guardian
译者文采闪亮

Moves to cut carbon emissions in line with international targets have come under renewed strain since the nuclear crisis in Japan led some countries to shelve plans to use the technology.

减少碳气体排放以达到国际排放目标的行动最近陷入了僵局，原因是日本发生的核危机导致一些国家搁置利用核技术的计划。

Switzerland became the latest country to decide to phase out nuclear power last week, citing concerns over the accident at the Fukushima plant that was left stricken by a 9.0 magnitude earthquake and tsunami in March.

瑞士在星期五成为最新一个国家决定逐渐汰使用核能，它担心的依据是发生在三月份日本9.0发生大地震以及海啸而导致的福岛核事故。

The Swiss decision not to build any new nuclear stations – three were in the pipeline – follows similar announcements in Germany, Italy and further afield in Thailand and Malaysia, where governments have opted to freeze or forgo plans to build nuclear power stations.

瑞士决定将除了三个正在建设之外，不再建筑新的核电反应站。德国，意大利以及离它们较远的泰国，马来西利的政府都宣布选择冻结或禁止建设核电站的计划。

The Swiss government said it would phase out nuclear power by 2034, a decision that requires the closure of five nuclear plants that provide 40% of the country’s electricity. No plants will be phased out of use ahead of schedule, however. An estimated 20,000 people protested in Switzerland last weekend against nuclear power in the country.

瑞士政府宣称它将于2034年前关闭所有的核电站，该决定要求关闭提供全国40%电力供应的5个核电站。但当前没有任何一个核电站计划被关闭。然而，上个周末,估计瑞士全国有2万人举行游行，抗议使用核电站。

To make up the shortfall, Switzerland will be forced to rely more on hydroelectric power, much of which it now exports as green energy to neighbouring countries, including Germany and Italy.

为了弥补关闭核电站的欠缺，瑞士将被迫更多的依赖水力发电能源，其中大部分现在作为绿色能力出口到邻居的德国和意大利。

In Germany, Europe’s largest economy and power market, seven nuclear power plants have been closed and plans to extend the running life of the remaining reactors have been put on hold pending the formation of a new energy policy due in July.

作为欧洲最大的经济体和能源市场，7个核电站已经停止运行，并止已经暂停了延长其余反应堆的运行寿命的计划，等待人7月的新的能源政策的出台。

The International Energy Agency warned on Friday that Germany’s moratorium on nuclear power will add 25m tonnes a year to the country’s carbon dioxide emissions.

国际能源机构在星期五警告说，德国的中止使用核能将导致该国每年增加2500万公吨的二氧化碳排放到空气中。

Plans to build nuclear power stations in earthquake-prone Italy have been halted, as have projects for five plants in Thailand. Malaysia, which had hoped to switch on its first nuclear station in 2021, will reconsider after reviewing the crisis at Fukushima.

在经常发生地震的意大利，建立核电站的计划已经停止，正在建立5个核电站的泰国也停止了核电的建设。马来西亚踌躇满志准备在2021年拥有第一个核电站，正在评估福岛的核危机，重新思考该国的核电站计划。

Ruling out nuclear power will make countries more reliant on low-carbon alternatives, some of which have yet to prove themselves on an industrial scale, such as carbon capture and storage, which removes carbon dioxide gas from fossil fuel power stations.

放弃核能将使这些国家更多依赖低碳替代品，这些替代品有些还没有达到工业规模检验，如捕获和存储二氧化碳气体，将它们从火力发电站的分离出来。

“The decision you make by excluding a technology is that you have to rely on the others. It doesn’t necessarily mean your energy system is more carbon intensive or more costly, but you have to replace that excluded technology with something else,” said Jeff Hardy at the UK Energy Research Centre.

“排除一种技术的决定意味着必须依赖其它的技术。它并不必然的意味着在你的能源体系中将有更多的碳，或更大的成本，但你必须用其它的技术来代替该被排除的技术，”英国能源研究中心杰夫哈代说。

“Some of the alternatives, like burning fossil fuels with carbon capture and storage, are not yet proven at full scale, so if they don’t deliver, or deliver late, that can affect your plans,” he added.

“一些替代品，如燃烧矿物燃料时捕获和存储碳，并没有得到大规模使用的检测。因此，如果它们不能实现，或是晚点时候实现，那么将影响你的计划，”哈代补充说。

In a report by government advisers last week, nuclear power was singled out as the cheapest way for the UK to grow a low-carbon energy supply, at least over the next decade.

在一份政府顾问的报告文件中指出，核能是英国在至少未来10年内发展低碳供应成本最低的方法。