原作者：
来源2010 Human Rights Reports: Taiwan (Part 2)
译者blackgoat-bj
d. Arbitrary Arrest or Detention
d. 任意逮捕和拘禁
The constitution prohibits arbitrary arrest and detention, and the authorities generally observed these prohibitions.
（台湾）宪法禁止任意逮捕和拘禁，而当局一般都是遵守这些规定的。
Role of the Police and Security Apparatus
警察和安保机构
The National Police Administration (NPA) of the Ministry of Interior (MOI) has administrative jurisdiction over all police units, although city mayors and county magistrates appoint city and county police commissioners. Mayors and magistrates are responsible for maintaining order and assessing the performance of police commissioners within their jurisdictions.
内政部（MOI）警政署（NPA）对所有警务单位均有管辖权，虽然县市长负责任命县市警政委员。县市长在其管辖范围内负责维持秩序并对警政委员的工作表现进行评价。（译者注：台湾现行宪法是1947年的民国宪法，本来是省县两级自治，后根据台湾实际情况“冻省”，实行县市自治。地方自治单位行政长官对本级议会负责，不必接受“总统”和“中央”的直接指令。）
Prosecutors and the Control Yuan are responsible for investigating allegations of police malfeasance. The NPA also has an inspector general and an internal affairs division that investigates allegations of police misconduct. Police officers and senior officials suspected of corruption and other misbehavior were prosecuted and punished upon conviction.
检察官和监察院（Control Yuan）负责调查对投诉警察渎职的调查。警政署也设有一个总督察和一个内务司调查警察不端行为的投诉。警官和高级官员有腐败和其他不良行为的会被提起公诉并通过判决予以惩治。
Arrest Procedures and Treatment While in Detention
逮捕程序和拘押期间的待遇
A warrant or summons is required by law, except when there is ample reason to believe the suspect may flee, or in urgent circumstances. Indicted persons may be released on bail at judicial discretion. By law prosecutors must apply to the courts within 24 hours after arrest for permission to continue detaining an arrestee. The authorities generally observed these procedures, and trials usually took place within three months of indictment. According to the Code of Criminal Procedure, prosecutors may apply to a court for approval of a pretrial detention of an unindicted suspect for a maximum of two months, with one possible two-month extension. Judicial reform advocates have urged limiting pretrial detention to better protect defendants’ rights. Pretrial detention may be requested in cases where the potential sentence is five years or more and where there is a reasonable concern that the suspect could flee, collude with other suspects or witnesses, or tamper or destroy material evidence.
法律要求（进行逮捕时）必须有传票，除非有显而易见的理由表明嫌疑人可能逃跑，或者处于紧急情况下。被控告人员经司法裁决可以保释。检察官如果想延长对被逮捕者的羁押期限，依法必须在逮捕后24小时内向法院申请许可。当局一般都是遵守这些规定的，而且案件起诉后三个月内都能得到审理。根据《刑事诉讼法》，检察官可以向法院申请批准对未起诉的嫌疑人进行最长为两个月的预审羁押，并且可以延期一次时间不超过两个月。司法改革倡议者敦促限制预审羁押期限以更好地保护被告的权利。预审羁押只有在一下情况下可以申请：可能获刑5年或5年以上；有充分理由怀疑嫌疑人可能会逃跑、与其他嫌疑人或证人串供或者损毁或破坏物证。
Human rights advocates complained that the law did not provide adequate protection, since there is no requirement that suspects have legal representation during questioning. The Judicial Yuan (JY) and the NPA operated a program to provide legal counsel during initial police questioning to qualifying indigent suspects who are mentally handicapped or charged with a crime punishable by three or more years in prison. Lawyers recruited by the Legal Aid Foundation staffed 21 branch offices that serviced 23 cities and counties around the island. Fifty police subbureaus, one-third of the island’s 158 subbureaus, were implementing the program. Detained persons may request such assistance in all of the island’s subbureaus. Human rights lawyers contended that while courts were required to appoint counsel after an indictment was filed, the existing Criminal Procedure Code did not specify what lawyers could do to protect the rights of indigent criminal suspects during initial police questioning. The program has enjoyed some success, but some groups argued that police need more on-the-job training and police facilities should be improved to accommodate lawyers in their initial questioning of suspects. More than half of the island’s 5,000 lawyers have participated in this program.
人权倡议者抱怨说，由于没有要求嫌疑人在审讯时必须有法定代理人在场，法律没有对嫌疑人提供充分的保护。司法院和警政署制定专案在预审讯中提供法律顾问，以使神志上有残障或可能获刑三年以上的贫困嫌疑人得到保护。法律援助基金会招募的律师配备到了岛内23个县市的21个分会。50个警察分局——岛内158个警察分局中的1/3——正在执行该专案。被羁押人员在岛内所有分局均可要求这种援助。人权律师呛道，虽然法院被要求在受理起诉后指定律师，但是现有的《刑事诉讼法》却没有说明律师可以在警察预审讯时可以怎样做以保护贫困嫌疑人的权利。该专案在某些方面取得了成功，但是一些团体争辩说应该对警察进行更多在职培训，并且应该改善警务设施以便在预审讯时提供律师。
Beginning May 2009, authorities implemented the January 2009 Constitutional Court interpretation declaring that prison authorities could no longer tape or monitor nor provide to prosecutors discussions between defense counsel and their clients.
从2009年5月开始，当局开始执行2009年1月的宪法解释，监狱机关不得再记录或监听或向检察官提供辩护律师与其被代理人的谈话。
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