注释? 1 马克思在《共产党宣言》第一章“资产者和无产者”中指出:“资产阶级在它的不到一百年的阶级统治中所创造的生产力,比过去一切世代创造的全部生产力还要多,还要大。”《马克思思格斯选集》第2版第1卷,第277页。? 2 马克思在《共产党宣言》第二章“无产者和共产党人”中指出:“因此,资本不是一种个人力量,而是一种社会力量。”《马克思恩格斯选集》第2版第1卷,第287页。? 3 参见卡托研究所(Cato Institute)的以下报告: http://www.cato.org/pubs/ handbook/h105-9.html and http://www.cato.org/pubs/pas/pa225.html。? 4 参见洪银兴、许光伟:《马克思的财富创造理论及其现实意义》,载 《经济理论与经济管理》 2009 年第8期。? 5 参见马拥军:《财富的含义与种类——当代中国语境中的马克思主义财富观》,载《华侨大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2009年第1期。? 6 关于对这一辩论方方面面的总结,参见 George McCarthy,“Marx?s social ethics and critique of traditional morality”,Studies in East European Thought,Volume 29,Number 3 / April,1985,pp 177-199; A.P.Simojnds,“Marxism and Morals,”Ethics,Vol.93,No.4 (July,1983),pp.792-799; Norman Geras,“Bringing Marx to Justice:An Addendum and Rejoinder”,New Left Review I/195,September-October 1992, the writing of Louis Althusser et.al.,J.Angelo Corlett,Race,Rights,and Justice(Springer Publishers,2009),pp 146-151。? 7 参见毛泽东:《关于正确处理人民内部矛盾的问题》。? 8 参见Hao Yufan,Johnston,Michael,“China?s Surge of Corruption”,Journal of Democracy,Volume 6,Number 4,October 1995,pp.80- 94;Victor Nee,“China?s Private Enterprise Economy:Final Report,”pp.18ff.http://www.economyandsociety.org/News/ China%27s_Private_Enterprise_Economy_FinalReport_Introduction。? 9 参见荣毅仁生平(2005年11月03日),http://politics.people.com.cn/BIG5/1026/3826359.html。? 10 参见Cheng Tun-jen,Jacques Delisle,Deborah Brown,China under Hu Jintao:Opportunities,Dangers,and Dilemmas,Hackensack:World Scientific Publishing Company 2005,pp.84ff。? 11 参见Coble,Parks M.,“Is China Going Capitalist?”,p.7; Jia Hepeng,“The Three Represents Campaign:Reform the Party or Indoctrinate the Capitalists?”,Cato Journal,Vol.24,No.3 (Fall 2004),pp.269-270。? 12 参见Jia Hepeng,“The Three Represents Campaign:Reform the Party or Indoctrinate the Capitalists?”,Cato Journal,Vol.24,No.3 (Fall 2004),pp.268-269。? 13 参见杜明学:《 灵宝市坚持“四个结合” 选用“双强”型村干部》(2006年2月16日),http://xf.dahe.cn/dszl/t20060216_416365.htm;《人民日报》 (2005年04月12日 第九版) :《“双强”村支书 群众致富领路人——江苏盐城市村党组织书记“双强”工程调查》;河南省民政厅:《河南省第五届村民委员会换届选举工作情况》(2005年9月2日);王晓旭、姜明法:《中国—欧盟村务管理项目》(2006年7月12日),http://www.chinaelections.org/NewsInfo.asp?NewsID=93082;周炳泉:《“先富群体”竞选“村官”现象的调查与思考》,http://www.chinaelections.org/ NewsInfo.asp?NewsID=93082;等等。? 14 参见Anthony Kuhn,“China?s Newly Rich Are Getting Political:Entrepreneurs Elected to local Government Blur Lines Between Public,Private Interests,” Wall Street Journal(Eastern Edition),August 17,2004:A14。? 15 参见 “Rules Required to Guide Rural Elections,” China Daily,http://en.ce.cn/National/Rural/t20040412_640518.shtml。? 16 参见何增科:《反腐新路:转型期中国腐败问题研究 》,中央编译出版社 2002年版,第34页。原文为“一些有钱的大户人家不惜花大价钱将自己的子女送进司法或行政执法队伍……其目的不外是两个:一是使自己既有钱又有势,不但可以不受当官之人的欺压,而且还可以在本乡本土欺压人;二是把这作为一项划得来的投资,由自己的子女通过受贿索贿等手段再加倍地赚回来。”又见第67 页。? 17 参见杨恒均:《 改革开放三十年:从致富光荣到仇富有理》, http://blog.ifeng.com/article/3019410.html;石述思:《中国富豪的15个特质》, http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/ blog_4fcb878a0100hs5h.html?tj=1。? 18 参见ZhaoYuezhi,“The Rich,The Laid-off,and the Criminal in Tabloid Tales:Read All about It!” in Link,Perry,Richard Madsen and Paul Pickowicz,Popular China:Unofficial Culture in Globalization Society,Rowman and Littlefield,2002,pp。? 19 参见Zhao Yuezhi,Communication in China:Political Economy,Power and Conflict,Boulder and New York:Rowman and Littlefield,2008,pp.89-92,262ff。? 20 参见http://www.upiasia.com/Society_Culture/2007/05/25/ commentary_a_brief_history_of_chinese_names/8639/。? 21 参见 Martin King Whyte,Myth of the Social Volcano:Perceptions of Inequality and Distribution Injustice in Contemporary China, Stanford University Press,2010。? 22 Fewsmith,“Rethinking the Role”,p.12.? 23 参见 Wang Bo,“Millionaires club expands in China”,China Daily,http://www.Chinadaily.com.cn/bizChina/2009-11/20/content_9008654.htm。? 24 许多资料显示,中国的基尼系数居世界第50位,参见http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/ distribution_of_family_income_gini_index_2010_0.html。? 25 参见OECD:“Inequality in China Leveling off”,2/3/10, http://online.wsj.com/article/S10 001424052748704022804575040814244036390.html; Chen Jiandong,Dai Dai.Pu Ming,Hou Wenxuan,Feng Qiaobin,The Trend of the Gini Coefficient of China,Brooks World Poverty Institute Working Paper 109,http://www.bwpi.manchester.ac.uk/ resources/Working-Papers/bwpi-wp-10910.pdf。? 26 据统计,2006年,美国前10%的富人拥有70%的财富,而中国前10%的富人则拥有40%的财富。参见James Davies,Susanna Sanstrom,Anthony Shorrocks and Edward Wolff,“World Distribution of Household Wealth” (World Institute for Development Economics Research of the United Nations University) 12/5/06 http://www.scribd.com/doc/ 430626/2006-World-Household-Wealth-Distribution。? 27 参见ZhaoYuezhi,Communication in China,pp.166ff;以及 参见Zhao Yuezhi,“China and Global Capital:The Cultural Dimension,”Socialist Register,2005:65-84。? 28 关于世界贫困的数据仍有争议:参见 Davies,Sanstrom et.al.,“World Distribution of Household Wealth”;Ferreira,Francisco H.G.and Martin Ravallion,“Global Poverty and Inequality:A Review of the Evidence”,http://www.deart.unifi.it/romano/ASP/Ferreira%20Ravallion%20wps4623.pdf;http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTPOVERTY/0 menuPK:336998~pagePK:149018~piPK:149093~theSitePK:336992,00.html; “Global poverty and inequality in the 20th century:turning the corner?”,http://www.treasury.gov.au/documents/110/PDF/Round2.pdf; Ingrid Robeyns,“Assessing Global Poverty And Inequality:Income,Resources,And Capabilities”,Metaphilosophy,Volume 36 Issue 1-2,(January 2005),pp.30-34,http://www.ingridrobeyns.nl/Downloads/metaphilos.pdf。? 29 参见郎友兴: 《从经济精英到村主任:中国村民选举与村级领导的继替》。此外, Ole Odgeaard,Jonathan Unger,Bruce Dickson,J.Dearlove and Jude Howell 也做过此方面的研究。 ? 30 何增科:《农村治理转型与制度创新》,载《经济社会体制比较》2003年第3期,第74—82页。另见Richard Levy,“The Village Self-Government Movement:Elections,the Party,and Anticorruption.Developments in Guangdong”,China Information,vol.XVII,no.1 (2003):34-41。? 31 参见何增科:《反腐新路:转型期中国腐败问题研究 》,中央编译出版社 2002年版,第29页。? 32 参见 Li Cheng and Lynn White, “The Sixteenth Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party:Hu Gets What?”,Asian Survey,Vol.43,No.4 (Jul.- Aug.,2003),pp.553-597,http://www.jstor.org/stable/3557887。? 33 参见Cheng,Delisle et.al.,China under Hu Jintao,p.84。? 34 参见 Li Cheng,“The Rise of China?s Yuppie corps,Top CEOs to Watch”,Leadership Monitor,No.14(Spring 2005),http://www.docstoc.com/docs/8978765/ Demographics-Li-China-Leadership-Monitor-No。? 35 参见“Migrant workers make a move to the Hall”,2008-3-7, http://en.Chinaelections.org /newsinfo.asp?newsid=16178。? 36 参见 Ning Song,“‘Two sessions’show featuring three migrants and a rich lady”,2008-3-18,http://en.Chinaelections.org/newsinfo.asp?newsid=16429。? 37 参见Kellee S.Tsai,Capitalism without Democracy:The Private Sector in Contemporary China,Cornell University Press,1997。? 38 民政部:《做好2004年村民委员会换届选举工作》(2004年3月1日),http://www1.mca.gov.cn/news/content/recent/2004322154804.html。? 39 何增科:《反腐新路:转型期中国腐败问题研究 》,中央编译出版社 2002年版,第43页。? 40 参见“Rampant Academic Cheating Hurts China?s Ambition:Chinese Academia Plagued by Plagiarism,Ghostwriting and Falsified Results,Threatening China?s Science Goals”,http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2010/04/12/world/main6388167.shtml。?? (美赖坚立 著 上海浦东干部学院沈斐 译)