原作者：
来源Chinese Paving the Road to Freedom With Cash
译者道
BEIJING — “They’re all millionaires. They’ve made it,” said Mikael Charette of the thousands of wealthy Chinese — his clients — who apply to emigrate to Canada every year on that country’s investment immigration program.
中国每年有数千名富人通过加拿大的投资移民计划移民到该国。在谈到他的这些中国富人客户时，米卡尔·沙雷特（Mikael Charette）说道：“他们是百万富翁。钱是他们赚来的。”
As part of his job, Mr. Charette, a lawyer from Montreal, scrutinizes clients’ financial records. Back in 2005, when he began working at Harvey Law Group in Beijing, he was struck by how often a family’s wealth began with the transfer of the assets of state-owned enterprises to private ownership in the 1990s. Over the course of about eight years, he estimates, those factories became fully profitable.
沙雷特先生是来自加拿大蒙特利尔的一名律师，他的一部分工作就是仔细检查客户们的财务记录。2005年，刚开始在北京的哈维律师事务所（Harvey Law Group）工作时，他很惊讶地发现这些家庭的财富积累常常开始于九十年代国营企业的资产私有化的过程中。据他估算，经过大概八年的时间，那些私有化了的工厂就全面赢利了。
“Now, I look back over a decade of records, and I see that the factory is running itself. The money of the family is in the second generation, and the children are often already overseas-educated, and they, too, own real estate here,” he said.
他说：“现在，我回头来看这十多年的纪录，我发现工厂已经在自行运转了。这些家庭的财富在第二代人的手中，这些孩子们往往已经在海外接受过教育，在这里也拥有房产。”
But regardless of how wealthy they become, China’s new rich simply don’t feel secure.
可是，不管有多少钱，中国的这些新富们就是觉得不安全。
“I’ve had rich businessmen say to me, ‘You can be a tiger, but there is always a hunter somewhere,”’ he said.
他说：“一些富商跟我讲，‘你可以成为一只老虎，但什么地方一直有个猎手’。”
So they come to Mr. Charette, who specializes in investment immigration to his home province of Quebec. Or they go to other lawyers dealing in immigration to major destinations like the United States, Australia, Singapore, New Zealand and Hong Kong.
所以这些人就找到了沙雷特先生，他专门处理往他的家乡魁北克省投资移民的事务。或者，他们就找其它的一些移民律师，这些律师处理往其它主要目的地移民的事务，比如往美国，澳大利亚，新加坡，新西兰和香港。
Unsolicited text messages from immigration firms have become a standard feature of life for Beijing’s upper-middle classes.
各个移民中介公司的短信成了北京中上阶层的生活常态。
“Zero-risk emigration to America: Invest in an Idaho gold mine. For the first time in Beijing the governor himself will explain how, officially,” ran one, supplying a time and date for the meeting. “Emigrate to Australia for $200,000, 95 percent success rate, free education, generous welfare,” ran another.
一条短信写道：“零风险移民美国：史上首次，爱达荷州州长亲临北京谈如何投资该州金矿”，还附上了会议的时间地点。另一条写道：“20万美元移民澳洲，成功率高达95%，教育免费，福利丰厚”。
In just over three decades, China has gone from being one of the poorest countries in the world to its third-biggest economy. Per capita gross domestic product in 1975 was $410. In 2009, it was $6,567, according to the World Bank.
仅仅三十年，中国就从世界上最穷困的国家成为世界第三大经济体。根据世界银行的数据，1975年，中国人均GDP为410美元，而2009年这一数字为6567美元。
The Hurun Rich List, based in Shanghai, says there are now 875,000 known dollar millionaires in China, an increase of 6.1 percent from a year ago.
总部位于上海的胡润富豪榜显示，以美元计算，中国现在有875000个百万富翁，比去年增加了6.1%。
Yet even as China grows richer, the number of its rich choosing to emigrate is rising. Many want to maintain two homes, merging their money-making abilities in China with what they perceive as the greater security and ease of international travel offered by a foreign passport or permanent residency.
虽然中国越来越富裕，富人中选择移民人数也在增加。许多人想要有两个家，既能在中国赚钱，同时又可以享受外国护照或永久居留权所能提供的更高的安全性和国际旅行的便利。
Last year, for the first time, Chinese citizens became the largest group of immigrants to Australia, displacing the traditional sources of Britain and New Zealand. From July to December 2009, 13,371 Chinese became “permanent additions” (gaining or entitled to permanent residency) to Australia, overtaking Britain’s 13,037 and New Zealand’s 7,342.
去年，中国成为澳大利亚最大的移民来源地，首次超过传统来源地英国和新西兰。从2009年的7月到12月，有13371名中国人（取得或被授予）成为澳洲永久居民，超过了来自英国的13037人和新西兰的7342人。
While most immigrants are admitted on the basis of sought-after skills or to reunite families, investment immigration, in which applicants make a minimum financial investment or create jobs in their destination, is also booming. So much so that Canada, excluding Quebec, temporarily halted its program in June in order to double the amount that would-be immigrants must invest to qualify. Whereas before applicants required a net worth of 800,000 Canadian dollars, or about $790,000, and a 400,000-dollar investment, in the future they will need 1.6 million dollars and an investment of 800,000 dollars.
虽然大多数移民是依靠专业技能和家庭团聚来获得的居民权，但投资移民也在迅速增长。投资移民要求申请人在移民目的地进行一定额度的投资或者创造就业岗位。由于申请人过多，加拿大（除了魁北克省）在6月暂停了这一计划，准备将最低投资限额翻番。此前，申请人需要拥有80万加元（约合79万美元），投资40万加元，将来他们则要拥有160万加元和投资80万加元才行。
“All these changes are because we are overloaded,” Mr. Charette said. “This is a huge, sophisticated market.”
“做这些改变都是因为申请人太多太多了”，沙雷特先生说道，“这是一个巨大而复杂的市场”。
The result for Mr. Charette has been gratifying — a surge in applications to Quebec. He estimates that the window of opportunity will last until October, when Quebec, too, will adjust its policies. In February, 233 people from around Asia applied to the program, he said. In June, the month the national program closed, the number was 519. Chinese constitute up to 85 percent of applicants.
这对沙雷特先生可是件好事——因为申请去魁北克的人数猛增。他估计这会一直持续到十月，到那时魁北克也要改变政策。他说今年2月，亚洲有233人申请去魁北克。而6月份，由于加拿大的全国计划暂停，这一数字增加到了519人。申请者中的中国人占到85%。
On June 26, the same day the rest of Canada temporarily closed doors, Mr. Charette addressed about 40 would-be investment immigrants in Beijing. The middle-aged men and women listened intently, most taking notes.
6月26号，也就是加拿大的全国投资移民计划暂停的那天，沙雷特先生在北京给40位想要移民的人做讲座。这些中年的男男女女们听得很认真，多数人都做着笔记。
The looming higher rates “shouldn’t be a problem for my friends,” murmured Ms. Hou, who did not want to be identified by her full name and said she was with the People’s Liberation Army, representing rich property developers from the city of Xinxiang, in the central province of Henan.
价钱提高“对我的朋友们不是什么问题”，一位侯女士低声说道，她不愿提供全名，只说她是军队里的人，是代表中部省份河南新乡的一些有钱的房产开发商来的这个讲座。
Would she also emigrate, if she could? “Yes,” she said immediately.
如果可能，她也会移民吗？“当然”，她立刻答道。
Why? After all, China’s living standard is rising as the rest of the world watches the apparent success of the so-called “Beijing Model” — authoritarian politics plus fast economic growth.
为什么呢？毕竟，中国的生活水平在不断提高，全世界都在看着所谓“北京模式”——权力政治外加高速经济增长——的巨大成功。
Her answers mirrored those given by other would-be emigrants: Better education for the children; a pollution-free environment; better medical care; a safer food supply; bigger and cheaper housing. Added up, they are what psychologists and sociologists dub Q.O.L., or quality of life issues, factors not measured by G.D.P.
她的回答和其他一些想移民的人的回答差不多：移民后，孩子可以得到更好的教育，无污染的生活环境，更好的医疗，更安全的食品，更大更便宜的住房。合起来，这就是心理学家和社会学家们所谓的“Q.O.L”，即生活质量，这是不能用GDP来衡量的。
“Education is very important,” offered another woman at the seminar. “It’s different over there, and it produces different values.”
“教育至关重要”，讲座上的另一位女士说道，“国外是完全不同的教育模式，可以得到不同的价值观。”
Did the current economic crisis in the West put her off?
那么西方现在的经济危机会推迟她的移民计划吗？
“Not really,” she said. “They talk about it in the papers here, but I don’t know if they’re telling the truth. I trust my friends, and my friends say things aren’t that bad.”
“不会”，她说道，“这儿的报纸上说有经济危机，我不知道这些报道是不是真的。我相信我的朋友，他们说情况没有那么糟糕。”
Joy Xi emigrated to Canada nearly a decade ago. When I asked why people leave, despite rising prosperity in China, her answer was swift: “Sanlu,” the company notorious for producing melamine-laced milk powder that killed six babies and sickened hundreds of thousands more in 2008. Few believe the problem is over.
习女士（音译）移民到加拿大已经十年左右了。当我问她为什么中国越来越富裕人们还要移民的时候，她回答得很利索：“三鹿”，这家公司臭名昭著，其生产的奶粉里含有三聚氰胺，在2008年导致了六名婴儿死亡，几十万名婴儿生病。几乎没人相信这事已经完了。
Also, said Ms. Xi, China is growing richer, but it’s also growing more unequal, and that makes the rich feel unsafe.
习女士还说，虽然中国是更加富裕了，但同时也更加不平等了，这让富人们觉得不安全。
Summing up how many Chinese think, she cited a widespread saying: “Life in China is too risky. Consider carefully where you want to be reborn in your next life.”
她引用了一句流传广泛的俗话来总结很多中国人的想法：“生在中国太危险，下辈子投胎得小心点。”
请看原文：
中国富人：金钱铺就移民路
