先跟大家说个事。
如果你关注了“北美留学生日报”这个公号,我建议你马上取关。
这个公号就是我在《我们在粪便般的信息环境里生存》一文中所说的“overhyped and undercooked”(吹嘘过度又火候不足,乍乍乎乎又不下工夫)的典型代表。几个月来的大选相关文章中,传播了太多的假消息。
下面是一个例子。
昨天晚上,我正在阅读美国媒体对本次大选的反思,准备撰写新一期的会员通讯。正读到《纽约时报》出版人小阿瑟・苏兹贝格致读者和记者的信时,我的一位老同事发给我一个链接,问我怎么看。
打开链接,是一篇题为《美国媒体人:大选中我们不再是记者,而成了希拉里的拉拉队!主流媒体开始反思》的文章,来自北美留学生日报。
读完之后发现,满满都是槽点。
在这里重点说说《纽约时报》的信,因为文中也提到了,作者是这么说的——
也就是说,按照北美留学生日报的意思,《纽约时报》意识到了自己之前的报道有问题,“没有扮演一个影响力巨大的媒体应该扮演的角色”,不公平、充满偏见,站在希拉里身旁摇旗呐喊,所以出版人怒了,要求记者今后要公平、没有偏见。
事实是这样吗?
我翻译了《纽约时报》出版人小阿瑟・苏兹贝格给记者的信。
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大选结束后,纽约时报出版人致读者和记者的信html{-ms-text-size-adjust:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;line-height:1.6}body{-webkit-touch-callout:none;font-family:-apple-system-font,”Helvetica Neue”,”PingFang SC”,”Hiragino Sans GB”,”Microsoft YaHei”,sans-serif;background-color:#f3f3f3;line-height:inherit}body.rich_media_empty_extra{background-color:#fff}body.rich_media_empty_extra .rich_media_area_primary:before{display:none}h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6{font-weight:400;font-size:16px}*{margin:0;padding:0}a{color:#607fa6;text-decoration:none}.rich_media_inner{font-size:16px;word-wrap:break-word;-webkit-hyphens:auto;-ms-hyphens:auto;hyphens:auto}.rich_media_area_primary{position:relative;padding:20px 15px 15px;background-color:#fff}.rich_media_area_primary:before{content:” “;position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:1px;border-top:1px solid #e5e5e5;-webkit-transform-origin:0 0;transform-origin:0 0;-webkit-transform:scaleY(0.5);transform:scaleY(0.5);top:auto;bottom:-2px}.rich_media_area_primary 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Dear Colleagues,
亲爱的同事们:
As we close one of the most momentous weeks in our nation’s recent history, let’s pause for a moment on those famous instructions that Adolph S. Ochs left for us: to cover the news without fear or favor.
我们国家近期历史上最重要的一周结束了,让我们暂停一下,回顾Adolph S. Ochs(《纽约时报》前拥有人,对报纸发展起到关键作用的人物——新闻实验室注)留给我们的著名教导:报道新闻,不惧怕,不讨好。
As Donald Trump begins preparing for his new administration, those words have rarely felt more important.
随着唐纳德·特朗普开始准备新一届政权,这些话很少像现在这样重要。
The Times is certainly not afraid — our investigative report has demonstrated our courage many times over. That fearless, hard-fought journalism will always stand as the backbone of The Times, no matter the President.
《纽约时报》当然不会害怕——我们的调查报道已经很多次显示出我们的勇气。这种无所畏惧、努力挖掘的新闻,将永远是《纽约时报》的支柱,不管谁是总统。
But we also approach the incoming Trump administration without bias. We will cover his policies and his agenda fairly. We will bring expert analysis and thoughtful commentary to the changes we see in government, and to their ramifications on the ground.
但是我们对即将上任的特朗普政府也不存在偏见。我们将公正地报道他的政策和他的议程。我们将为政府发生的变化及其在基层的影响配以专家分析和深入评论。
We will look within and beyond Washington to explore the roots of the anger that has roiled red and blue America. If many Americans no longer seem to understand each other, let’s make it our job to interpret and explain.
我们将在华盛顿内部和华盛顿之外探索搅动红色和蓝色美国的愤怒的根源。如果很多美国人看上去不再能够彼此理解,我们的职责就是阐述和解释。
Our predecessors founded our singular newspaper for just this moment — to serve as a watchdog to the powerful; and to hold mighty institutions accountable, without fear or favor. We are more than ready to fulfill that promise.
我们的前辈们创办了这张非凡的新闻纸,为的就是这样的时刻:担当看门狗,监督权势人物和强大的机构,不惧怕,不讨好。我们早已准备好实现这样的承诺。
Together, we have built the world’s best digital newsroom and it, too, was made for just this moment. We will chronicle the new administration with a lightning-fast report that features stories told in every medium and on every platform.
我们一起建设了世界上最好的数字新闻室,这也是为这样的时刻准备的。我们将以快如闪电的速度记录报道新一届政府,通过每一种媒介和每一个平台。
Here is what we have all dedicated our careers to: Going after the biggest stories in the world, and telling them as ambitiously as possible.
我们都将自己的职业献给这些:追逐世界上最重要的新闻事件,尽最大可能雄心勃勃地讲述它们。
Get some rest this weekend. We have lots to do.
周末好好休息。我们还有很多要做。
Arthur
阿瑟
这封信,是在重申《纽约时报》的原则,是在给记者们打气。小苏兹贝格的确说,对川普的报道要不存在偏见,但他说这是《纽约时报》一直在做的事情,他并没有说此前的报道有偏见。
如果这封信还不够清楚,那就让我们来看看他写给读者的信,同样是我翻译如下——
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大选结束后,纽约时报出版人致读者和记者的信html{-ms-text-size-adjust:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;line-height:1.6}body{-webkit-touch-callout:none;font-family:-apple-system-font,”Helvetica Neue”,”PingFang SC”,”Hiragino Sans GB”,”Microsoft YaHei”,sans-serif;background-color:#f3f3f3;line-height:inherit}body.rich_media_empty_extra{background-color:#fff}body.rich_media_empty_extra .rich_media_area_primary:before{display:none}h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6{font-weight:400;font-size:16px}*{margin:0;padding:0}a{color:#607fa6;text-decoration:none}.rich_media_inner{font-size:16px;word-wrap:break-word;-webkit-hyphens:auto;-ms-hyphens:auto;hyphens:auto}.rich_media_area_primary{position:relative;padding:20px 15px 15px;background-color:#fff}.rich_media_area_primary:before{content:” “;position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:1px;border-top:1px solid #e5e5e5;-webkit-transform-origin:0 0;transform-origin:0 0;-webkit-transform:scaleY(0.5);transform:scaleY(0.5);top:auto;bottom:-2px}.rich_media_area_primary 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To our readers,
致我们的读者:
When the biggest political story of the year reached a dramatic and unexpected climax late Tuesday night, our newsroom turned on a dime and did what it has done for nearly two years — cover the 2016 election with agility and creativity.
周二深夜,今年最大的政治新闻到达了戏剧性和出乎意料的顶峰,我们的新闻编辑室自如地应对,做了过去快两年中一直在做的事情:敏捷而有创造性地报道2016年大选。
After such an erratic and unpredictable election there are inevitable questions: Did Donald Trump’s sheer unconventionality lead us and other news outlets to underestimate his support among American voters? What forces and strains in America drove this divisive election and outcome? Most important, how will a president who remains a largely enigmatic figure actually govern when he takes office?
在这场如此不稳定和难以预测的大选结束之后,有很多无法回避的问题:唐纳德·特朗普彻底打破惯例的特质,是否让我们及其他媒体低估了他在美国选民中的支持度?在这场分裂的大选及大选结果背后,有着怎样的力量和因素?最重要的是,一个在很大程度上依然难以捉摸的人物,就任总统之后将会怎样执政?
As we reflect on this week’s momentous result, and the months of reporting and polling that preceded it, we aim to rededicate ourselves to the fundamental mission of Times journalism. That is to report America and the world honestly, without fear or favor, striving always to understand and reflect all political perspectives and life experiences in the stories that we bring to you. It is also to hold power to account, impartially and unflinchingly. We believe we reported on both candidates fairly during the presidential campaign. You can rely on The New York Times to bring the same fairness, the same level of scrutiny, the same independence to our coverage of the new president and his team.
我们在反思这周的重大选举结果,以及此前近两年的报道和民调,我们将再次致力于《纽约时报》新闻报道的基础使命:诚实地报道美国和世界,不惧怕,不讨好,在我们呈献给你的所有报道中永远努力理解和反映所有政治观点和生活经历;公正、不畏缩地监督权力。我们相信,在竞选期间,我们对两位候选人的报道是公正的。你们可以信赖《纽约时报》在报道新总统及其团队时将会秉持同样的公正、同样程度的细致观察、同样的独立。
We cannot deliver the independent, original journalism for which we are known without the loyalty of our subscribers. We want to take this opportunity, on behalf of all Times journalists, to thank you for that loyalty.
没有我们订户的忠诚,我们无法作出让我们享誉的独立、原创的报道。我们想借此机会代表所有《纽约时报》记者感谢你们的忠诚。
Sincerely,
Arthur O. Sulzberger Jr. Publisher
Dean Baquet Executive Editor
发行人 小阿瑟·苏兹贝格
主编 Dean Baquet
让我们把重点句子重复一遍:“我们相信,在竞选期间,我们对两位候选人的报道是公正的。”
这封信,是在一个特殊的历史时刻向读者重申《纽约时报》的原则,承诺此后的报道质量,同时也肯定了此前的报道。
就是这样一封信,到了北美留学生日报那里,却变成了“道歉信”!
真是好一个“道歉信”……脑补能力未免太强?
既然说到北美留学生日报的这篇文章,我就再简略吐几个槽吧。
文章开头大段引用了MSNBC《Morning Joe》的一段内容。这段内容非常奇怪,主持人Joe Scarborough一边痛批媒体,一边赞扬《纽约时报》的Jim Rutenburg写了很好的反思文章,说“《纽约时报》的编辑和其他人基本上都同意,事实上在过去的一个月中,他们不再是记者,而是开始当上了拉拉队长。”
关于这次大选,Jim Rutenburg的确写了很好的反思媒体的文章,我都读过,非常喜欢。我还在本学期政治传播课的课堂上带学生一起分析过他的文章。但他根本就没说什么媒体都成了拉拉队长,不再是记者。
有兴趣的话,可以看看:
《A ‘Dewey Defeats Truman’ Lesson for the Digital Age》
在这篇文章里面,Jim Rutenburg的观点是:媒体没有深入理解底层民众的愤怒。
《Trump Is Testing the Norms of Objectivity in Journalism》
在这篇文章里面,Jim Rutenburg的观点是:川普给新闻业的客观原则带来了挑战,不过包括《纽约时报》在内的媒体对两个候选人都进行了深度的挖掘调查。他还认为:媒体报道川普更多是有原因的,因为他没有任何从政经验,大家对他的政策了解很少,等等。
Jim Rutenburg根本就没有表达过“媒体充满偏见,记者不是记者,成了拉拉队长”的意思。他认为:媒体并没有成为谁的拉拉队,但是媒体对底层民众确实了解不够。
有趣的是,Jim Rutenburg在文章里面提到了《Morning Joe》的Joe Scarborough和川普之间的亲密关系。
综合来看,在这段视频里,Joe Scarborough慷慨激昂的发言,拉上Jim Rutenberg陪绑,实在是有些莫名其妙。
不知道北美留学生日报的作者和编辑,在写这篇文章的时候,有没有去查查Jim Rutenberg到底是谁,写了什么?又是否知道Joe Scarborough和川普的关系?
在北美留学生日报的这篇文章里,还有一个神逻辑:川普当选后,种族主义言论抬头,这是因为“主流媒体把川普塑造成一个种族歧视者”,而不是因为川普自己的种族歧视言论。所以,“主流媒体助长了种族仇恨与歧视情绪”。
Excuse me?主流媒体的不少评论作者之所以反对川普,很大原因就是因为川普的种族歧视言论。现在反倒成了主流媒体助长种族歧视?
这种神逻辑,佩服。
最后说一句,美国媒体这几天一直在反思,很多人有很深刻的反思。但他们反思的内容,绝不是北美留学生日报说的这样。
具体的反思内容,我已经在今天的会员通讯里发送了。
也许过几天会在公号里面也发表出来,不过现在,还是让会员计划成员优先阅读啦。