Migrant workers are temporary laborers from rural areas working without official permits in cities. Many urban employers of these workers want their effort, but not the liability for safety, fair wages, family services, and a host of other rights furnished to those with residential permits by way of birthright or deep pockets. The lack of education and training of migrant workers partly explains their woes; according to the Ministry of Labor and Social Security, 83% of migrant workers have only received junior high school schooling or less, and 72% have yet to undergo any occupational training.
Yet this cannot explain fully the wage gap between urban residents and migrant workers in the same position.