From The Strategy Page:
China has been running a massive intelligence operation against the United States for over two decades. But they are starting to be victims of their own success, as the FBI round up more and more Chinese spies. China has been using a very clever, and effective technique to steal technology, and even military secrets, from the United States. Call it the “swarming spies method.” In the 1980s, China began to send thousands of students to American schools, and many more Chinese managers and technical experts began to visit as well. Chinese intelligence made sure they had a chat with many of these people before they left, and after they came back. The people going to America were asked to bring back anything that might “help the motherland.” Most of these people were not asked to actually act as spies, but simply to share, with Chinese government officials (who were not always identified as intelligence personnel) whatever information they obtained. Of course, it soon became open knowledge in China, and in American intelligence agencies, what was going on.