The chronic power shortages in many regions of China beginning in 2002 have made it crystal clear that one of the biggest obstacles hindering China’s “peaceful emergence” blueprint is energy. The issue is not only economically vital, but has diplomatic and military implications. But the cause of the shortages was not, as one might think, high fuel prices alone. China’s dysfunctional energy bureaucracy has been a major contributor to the problem. Realizing this, Beijing recently enacted a major reshuffle of its energy-related agencies in a bid to resolve the issue and allow better management of future crises.